See tépos in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"lang_code": "sa",
"roman": "tápas",
"word": "तपस्"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-Aryan",
"lang_code": "inc-pro",
"word": "*tápas"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"lang_code": "kmr",
"sense": "fever",
"word": "ta"
}
],
"lang": "Kurdish",
"lang_code": "ku"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Book Pahlavi",
"lang_code": "pal",
"roman": "tab",
"sense": "fever",
"word": "tp"
},
{
"lang": "Persian",
"lang_code": "fa",
"roman": "tâb",
"word": "تاب"
},
{
"lang": "Persian",
"lang_code": "fa",
"roman": "tab",
"word": "تب"
},
{
"lang": "Northern Luri",
"lang_code": "lrc",
"roman": "tü",
"word": "تۋ"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Persian",
"lang_code": "pal"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Armenian",
"lang_code": "hy",
"raw_tags": [
"learned borrowing",
"learned"
],
"roman": "tap",
"word": "տապ"
}
],
"lang": "Old Armenian",
"lang_code": "xcl",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "tap",
"word": "տապ"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Iranian",
"lang_code": "ira-pro",
"word": "*tapah-"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"lang_code": "kmr",
"sense": "fever",
"word": "ta"
}
],
"lang": "Kurdish",
"lang_code": "ku"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Book Pahlavi",
"lang_code": "pal",
"roman": "tab",
"sense": "fever",
"word": "tp"
},
{
"lang": "Persian",
"lang_code": "fa",
"roman": "tâb",
"word": "تاب"
},
{
"lang": "Persian",
"lang_code": "fa",
"roman": "tab",
"word": "تب"
},
{
"lang": "Northern Luri",
"lang_code": "lrc",
"roman": "tü",
"word": "تۋ"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Persian",
"lang_code": "pal"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Armenian",
"lang_code": "hy",
"raw_tags": [
"learned borrowing",
"learned"
],
"roman": "tap",
"word": "տապ"
}
],
"lang": "Old Armenian",
"lang_code": "xcl",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "tap",
"word": "տապ"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Iranian",
"lang_code": "ira-pro",
"word": "*tāpah-"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-Iranian",
"lang_code": "iir-pro",
"word": "*tápas"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"word": "tepor"
}
],
"lang": "Italic",
"lang_code": "itc-pro",
"word": "*tepos"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Oscan",
"lang_code": "osc",
"roman": "tefúrúm",
"word": "𐌕𐌄𐌚𐌞𐌓𐌞𐌌"
},
{
"lang": "Umbrian",
"lang_code": "xum",
"word": "tefruto"
},
{
"lang": "Umbrian",
"lang_code": "xum",
"roman": "tefra",
"word": "𐌕𐌄𐌚𐌓𐌀"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Italic",
"lang_code": "itc-pro",
"word": "*tepsrom"
}
],
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"word": "*teps-ró-m"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"word": "twym"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Celtic",
"lang_code": "cel-pro",
"word": "*teɸesmis"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Old Irish",
"lang_code": "sga",
"word": "timme"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Celtic",
"lang_code": "cel-pro",
"word": "*teɸsmiyā"
}
],
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"word": "*tep(e)s-mi-"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*tep-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*tep-",
"3": "*-os",
"id2": "athematic",
"t1": "be warm, be hot"
},
"expansion": "*tep- (“be warm, be hot”) + *-os",
"name": "suffix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From *tep- (“be warm, be hot”) + *-os.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "tépes-",
"tags": [
"oblique",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ine-decl-noun-n",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "tépos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tépesih₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "tépōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tépos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "tépesih₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "tépōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "tépos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tépesih₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "tépōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tépesos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "tépesoHom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tépesos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "tépesmos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tépesbʰos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tépesey",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "tépesmos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tépesbʰos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tépes",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tépesi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "tépesu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tépesh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "tépesmis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tépesbʰis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "oblique stem",
"6": "*tépes-",
"f2nolink": "1",
"g": "n",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"head2": "",
"head3": "",
"head4": "",
"head5": ""
},
"expansion": "*tépos n (oblique stem *tépes-)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tépos",
"2": "tépes",
"ac": "acrostatic"
},
"name": "ine-decl-noun-n"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/tépos",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European terms belonging to the root *tep-",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European terms suffixed with *-os (athematic)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"heat, warmth"
],
"id": "en-tépos-ine-pro-noun-rsX7h7SW",
"links": [
[
"heat",
"heat"
],
[
"warmth",
"warmth"
]
],
"tags": [
"neuter",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "tépos"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"lang_code": "sa",
"roman": "tápas",
"word": "तपस्"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-Aryan",
"lang_code": "inc-pro",
"word": "*tápas"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"lang_code": "kmr",
"sense": "fever",
"word": "ta"
}
],
"lang": "Kurdish",
"lang_code": "ku"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Book Pahlavi",
"lang_code": "pal",
"roman": "tab",
"sense": "fever",
"word": "tp"
},
{
"lang": "Persian",
"lang_code": "fa",
"roman": "tâb",
"word": "تاب"
},
{
"lang": "Persian",
"lang_code": "fa",
"roman": "tab",
"word": "تب"
},
{
"lang": "Northern Luri",
"lang_code": "lrc",
"roman": "tü",
"word": "تۋ"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Persian",
"lang_code": "pal"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Armenian",
"lang_code": "hy",
"raw_tags": [
"learned borrowing",
"learned"
],
"roman": "tap",
"word": "տապ"
}
],
"lang": "Old Armenian",
"lang_code": "xcl",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "tap",
"word": "տապ"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Iranian",
"lang_code": "ira-pro",
"word": "*tapah-"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"lang_code": "kmr",
"sense": "fever",
"word": "ta"
}
],
"lang": "Kurdish",
"lang_code": "ku"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Book Pahlavi",
"lang_code": "pal",
"roman": "tab",
"sense": "fever",
"word": "tp"
},
{
"lang": "Persian",
"lang_code": "fa",
"roman": "tâb",
"word": "تاب"
},
{
"lang": "Persian",
"lang_code": "fa",
"roman": "tab",
"word": "تب"
},
{
"lang": "Northern Luri",
"lang_code": "lrc",
"roman": "tü",
"word": "تۋ"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Persian",
"lang_code": "pal"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Armenian",
"lang_code": "hy",
"raw_tags": [
"learned borrowing",
"learned"
],
"roman": "tap",
"word": "տապ"
}
],
"lang": "Old Armenian",
"lang_code": "xcl",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "tap",
"word": "տապ"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Iranian",
"lang_code": "ira-pro",
"word": "*tāpah-"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-Iranian",
"lang_code": "iir-pro",
"word": "*tápas"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"word": "tepor"
}
],
"lang": "Italic",
"lang_code": "itc-pro",
"word": "*tepos"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Oscan",
"lang_code": "osc",
"roman": "tefúrúm",
"word": "𐌕𐌄𐌚𐌞𐌓𐌞𐌌"
},
{
"lang": "Umbrian",
"lang_code": "xum",
"word": "tefruto"
},
{
"lang": "Umbrian",
"lang_code": "xum",
"roman": "tefra",
"word": "𐌕𐌄𐌚𐌓𐌀"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Italic",
"lang_code": "itc-pro",
"word": "*tepsrom"
}
],
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"word": "*teps-ró-m"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"word": "twym"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Celtic",
"lang_code": "cel-pro",
"word": "*teɸesmis"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Old Irish",
"lang_code": "sga",
"word": "timme"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Celtic",
"lang_code": "cel-pro",
"word": "*teɸsmiyā"
}
],
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"word": "*tep(e)s-mi-"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*tep-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*tep-",
"3": "*-os",
"id2": "athematic",
"t1": "be warm, be hot"
},
"expansion": "*tep- (“be warm, be hot”) + *-os",
"name": "suffix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From *tep- (“be warm, be hot”) + *-os.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "tépes-",
"tags": [
"oblique",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ine-decl-noun-n",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "tépos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tépesih₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "tépōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tépos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "tépesih₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "tépōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "tépos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tépesih₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "tépōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tépesos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "tépesoHom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tépesos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "tépesmos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tépesbʰos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tépesey",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "tépesmos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tépesbʰos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tépes",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tépesi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "tépesu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tépesh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "tépesmis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tépesbʰis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "oblique stem",
"6": "*tépes-",
"f2nolink": "1",
"g": "n",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"head2": "",
"head3": "",
"head4": "",
"head5": ""
},
"expansion": "*tépos n (oblique stem *tépes-)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tépos",
"2": "tépes",
"ac": "acrostatic"
},
"name": "ine-decl-noun-n"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/tépos",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Indo-European acrostatic neuter s-stem nouns",
"Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Indo-European lemmas",
"Proto-Indo-European neuter nouns",
"Proto-Indo-European nouns",
"Proto-Indo-European terms belonging to the root *tep-",
"Proto-Indo-European terms suffixed with *-os (athematic)",
"ine-pro:Temperature"
],
"glosses": [
"heat, warmth"
],
"links": [
[
"heat",
"heat"
],
[
"warmth",
"warmth"
]
],
"tags": [
"neuter",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "tépos"
}
Download raw JSONL data for tépos meaning in Proto-Indo-European (6.6kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Indo-European dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-08-29 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-08-23 using wiktextract (ffdbfc3 and b9346a0). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.