See spéḱs in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*spáćš"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *spáćš",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *spáćš (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*speks"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *speks",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *speks"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "*spex"
},
"expansion": "Latin: *spex",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: *spex (in compounds auspex and prospex)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*haruspeks",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Proto-Italic: *haruspeks",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Proto-Italic: *haruspeks"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xfa",
"2": "𐌇𐌀𐌓𐌀𐌔𐌐𐌄𐌗",
"3": "𐌇𐌀𐌓𐌉𐌔𐌐𐌄𐌗"
},
"expansion": "Faliscan: 𐌇𐌀𐌓𐌀𐌔𐌐𐌄𐌗 (haraspex), 𐌇𐌀𐌓𐌉𐌔𐌐𐌄𐌗 (harispex)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Faliscan: 𐌇𐌀𐌓𐌀𐌔𐌐𐌄𐌗 (haraspex), 𐌇𐌀𐌓𐌉𐌔𐌐𐌄𐌗 (harispex)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "haruspex"
},
"expansion": "Latin: haruspex",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: haruspex"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*speḱ-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*speḱ-",
"3": "*s",
"id2": "hysterokinetic",
"pos2": "root nominal suffix",
"t1": "to see, look"
},
"expansion": "*speḱ- (“to see, look”) + *-s (root nominal suffix)",
"name": "suf"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From *speḱ- (“to see, look”) + *-s (root nominal suffix).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ine-decl-noun-mf",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "spéḱs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "spéḱh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "spéḱh₁e",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "spéḱes",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "spéḱ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "spéḱh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "spéḱh₁e",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "spéḱes",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "spéḱm̥",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "spéḱh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "spéḱh₁e",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "spéḱm̥s",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "spḱés",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "spḱóHom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "spḱés",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "spḱmós",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "spḱbʰós",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "spḱéy",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "spḱmós",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "spḱbʰós",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "spéḱ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "spéḱi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "spḱsú",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "spḱéh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "spḱmís",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "spḱbʰís",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"f2nolink": "1",
"g": "m",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"head2": "",
"head3": "",
"head4": "",
"head5": ""
},
"expansion": "*spéḱs m",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "spéḱ",
"2": "spḱ",
"ac": "amphikinetic"
},
"name": "ine-decl-noun-mf"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/spéḱs",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "54 46",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "53 47",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European terms belonging to the root *speḱ-",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European terms suffixed with *-s (hysterokinetic)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"watcher"
],
"id": "en-spéḱs-ine-pro-noun-Dn88XJCc",
"links": [
[
"watcher",
"watcher"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "54 46",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "53 47",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European terms belonging to the root *speḱ-",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European terms suffixed with *-s (hysterokinetic)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"spy"
],
"id": "en-spéḱs-ine-pro-noun-V9SqN3JQ",
"links": [
[
"spy",
"spy"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "spéḱs"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Indo-European amphikinetic root nouns",
"Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Indo-European lemmas",
"Proto-Indo-European masculine nouns",
"Proto-Indo-European nouns",
"Proto-Indo-European terms belonging to the root *speḱ-",
"Proto-Indo-European terms suffixed with *-s (hysterokinetic)"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*spáćš"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *spáćš",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *spáćš (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*speks"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *speks",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *speks"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "*spex"
},
"expansion": "Latin: *spex",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: *spex (in compounds auspex and prospex)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*haruspeks",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Proto-Italic: *haruspeks",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Proto-Italic: *haruspeks"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xfa",
"2": "𐌇𐌀𐌓𐌀𐌔𐌐𐌄𐌗",
"3": "𐌇𐌀𐌓𐌉𐌔𐌐𐌄𐌗"
},
"expansion": "Faliscan: 𐌇𐌀𐌓𐌀𐌔𐌐𐌄𐌗 (haraspex), 𐌇𐌀𐌓𐌉𐌔𐌐𐌄𐌗 (harispex)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Faliscan: 𐌇𐌀𐌓𐌀𐌔𐌐𐌄𐌗 (haraspex), 𐌇𐌀𐌓𐌉𐌔𐌐𐌄𐌗 (harispex)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "haruspex"
},
"expansion": "Latin: haruspex",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: haruspex"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*speḱ-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*speḱ-",
"3": "*s",
"id2": "hysterokinetic",
"pos2": "root nominal suffix",
"t1": "to see, look"
},
"expansion": "*speḱ- (“to see, look”) + *-s (root nominal suffix)",
"name": "suf"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From *speḱ- (“to see, look”) + *-s (root nominal suffix).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ine-decl-noun-mf",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "spéḱs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "spéḱh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "spéḱh₁e",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "spéḱes",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "spéḱ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "spéḱh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "spéḱh₁e",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "spéḱes",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "spéḱm̥",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "spéḱh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "spéḱh₁e",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "spéḱm̥s",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "spḱés",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "spḱóHom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "spḱés",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "spḱmós",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "spḱbʰós",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "spḱéy",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "spḱmós",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "spḱbʰós",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "spéḱ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "spéḱi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "spḱsú",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "spḱéh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "spḱmís",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "spḱbʰís",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"f2nolink": "1",
"g": "m",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"head2": "",
"head3": "",
"head4": "",
"head5": ""
},
"expansion": "*spéḱs m",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "spéḱ",
"2": "spḱ",
"ac": "amphikinetic"
},
"name": "ine-decl-noun-mf"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/spéḱs",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"ine-pro:Occupations",
"ine-pro:Vision"
],
"glosses": [
"watcher"
],
"links": [
[
"watcher",
"watcher"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"ine-pro:Espionage"
],
"glosses": [
"spy"
],
"links": [
[
"spy",
"spy"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "spéḱs"
}
Download raw JSONL data for spéḱs meaning in Proto-Indo-European (5.5kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Indo-European dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-15 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (8a39820 and 4401a4c). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.