See pnéwmn̥ in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sqj-pro",
"2": "*pnew-ma"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Albanian: *pnew-ma",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Albanian: *pnew-ma"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "*pnyjma"
},
"expansion": "Albanian: *pnyjma",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Albanian: *pnyjma"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "frymë"
},
"expansion": "Albanian: frymë",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Albanian: frymë"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "*pnéumə"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *pnéumə",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *pnéumə"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "πνεῦμα",
"3": "πνεύμων"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: πνεῦμα (pneûma), πνεύμων (pneúmōn)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: πνεῦμα (pneûma), πνεύμων (pneúmōn) (< collective)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "af",
"3": "ine-pro>*pnew->breathe",
"4": "ine-pro>*-mn̥>suffix",
"id": "breath"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*pnew-",
"3": "*mn̥",
"pos2": "action or result suffix",
"t1": "to breathe"
},
"expansion": "*pnew- (“to breathe”) + *-mn̥ (action or result suffix)",
"name": "suffix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From *pnew- (“to breathe”) + *-mn̥ (action or result suffix).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ine-decl-noun-n",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "pnéwmn̥",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pnéwm̥nih₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pnéwmō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"collective",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "pnéwmn̥",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "pnéwm̥nih₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "pnéwmō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"collective",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "pnéwmn̥",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pnéwm̥nih₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pnéwmō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"collective"
]
},
{
"form": "pnuméns",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pn̥wm̥nés",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"collective",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "pnuméns",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pn̥wm̥nés",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"collective"
]
},
{
"form": "pnuméney",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pn̥wm̥néy",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"collective",
"dative"
]
},
{
"form": "pnumén",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pnuméni",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pnumén",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"collective",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "pnuméni",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"collective",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "pnuménh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pn̥wm̥néh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"collective",
"instrumental"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"f2nolink": "1",
"g": "n",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"head2": "",
"head3": "",
"head4": "",
"head5": ""
},
"expansion": "*pnéwmn̥ n",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pnéwmn̥",
"2": "pnumén",
"ac": "proterokinetic",
"coll": "pnéwmon",
"coll2": "pnumn̥",
"coll_loc": "pnumén",
"n": "sd"
},
"name": "ine-decl-noun-n"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/pnéwmn̥",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European entries referencing etymons with invalid IDs",
"parents": [
"Entries referencing etymons with invalid IDs",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European terms belonging to the root *pnew-",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European terms suffixed with *-mn̥",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"breath"
],
"id": "en-pnéwmn̥-ine-pro-noun-NnocWSRY",
"links": [
[
"breath",
"breath"
]
],
"related": [
{
"word": "pléwmō"
}
],
"tags": [
"neuter",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "pnéwmn̥"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sqj-pro",
"2": "*pnew-ma"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Albanian: *pnew-ma",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Albanian: *pnew-ma"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "*pnyjma"
},
"expansion": "Albanian: *pnyjma",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Albanian: *pnyjma"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "frymë"
},
"expansion": "Albanian: frymë",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Albanian: frymë"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "*pnéumə"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *pnéumə",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *pnéumə"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "πνεῦμα",
"3": "πνεύμων"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: πνεῦμα (pneûma), πνεύμων (pneúmōn)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: πνεῦμα (pneûma), πνεύμων (pneúmōn) (< collective)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "af",
"3": "ine-pro>*pnew->breathe",
"4": "ine-pro>*-mn̥>suffix",
"id": "breath"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*pnew-",
"3": "*mn̥",
"pos2": "action or result suffix",
"t1": "to breathe"
},
"expansion": "*pnew- (“to breathe”) + *-mn̥ (action or result suffix)",
"name": "suffix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From *pnew- (“to breathe”) + *-mn̥ (action or result suffix).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ine-decl-noun-n",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "pnéwmn̥",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pnéwm̥nih₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pnéwmō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"collective",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "pnéwmn̥",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "pnéwm̥nih₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "pnéwmō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"collective",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "pnéwmn̥",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pnéwm̥nih₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pnéwmō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"collective"
]
},
{
"form": "pnuméns",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pn̥wm̥nés",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"collective",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "pnuméns",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pn̥wm̥nés",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"collective"
]
},
{
"form": "pnuméney",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pn̥wm̥néy",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"collective",
"dative"
]
},
{
"form": "pnumén",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pnuméni",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pnumén",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"collective",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "pnuméni",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"collective",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "pnuménh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pn̥wm̥néh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"collective",
"instrumental"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"f2nolink": "1",
"g": "n",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"head2": "",
"head3": "",
"head4": "",
"head5": ""
},
"expansion": "*pnéwmn̥ n",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pnéwmn̥",
"2": "pnumén",
"ac": "proterokinetic",
"coll": "pnéwmon",
"coll2": "pnumn̥",
"coll_loc": "pnumén",
"n": "sd"
},
"name": "ine-decl-noun-n"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/pnéwmn̥",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "pléwmō"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Indo-European entries referencing etymons with invalid IDs",
"Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Indo-European lemmas",
"Proto-Indo-European neuter nouns",
"Proto-Indo-European nouns",
"Proto-Indo-European proterokinetic neuter men-stem nouns",
"Proto-Indo-European terms belonging to the root *pnew-",
"Proto-Indo-European terms suffixed with *-mn̥",
"ine-pro:Air",
"ine-pro:Bodily functions"
],
"glosses": [
"breath"
],
"links": [
[
"breath",
"breath"
]
],
"tags": [
"neuter",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "pnéwmn̥"
}
Download raw JSONL data for pnéwmn̥ meaning in Proto-Indo-European (5.4kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Indo-European dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-20 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-01 using wiktextract (ee63ee9 and 4230888). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.