See pṓds in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Albanian",
"lang_code": "sq",
"word": "përposh"
},
{
"lang": "Albanian",
"lang_code": "sq",
"word": "poshtë"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Albanian",
"lang_code": "sqj-pro",
"word": "*pāsi"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Hittite",
"lang_code": "hit",
"roman": "GÌR-aš /*padas/",
"word": "𒄊𒀸"
},
{
"lang": "Lycian",
"lang_code": "xlc",
"roman": "pede",
"word": "𐊓𐊁𐊅𐊁"
},
{
"lang": "Luwian",
"lang_code": "xlu",
"roman": "patās",
"word": "𒉺𒋫𒀀𒀸"
}
],
"lang": "Anatolian",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Old Armenian",
"lang_code": "xcl",
"roman": "otn",
"word": "ոտն"
}
],
"lang": "Armenian",
"lang_code": "hy"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Galatian",
"lang_code": "xga",
"roman": "ades",
"word": "αδες"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Celtic",
"lang_code": "cel-pro",
"word": "*ɸūts"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"word": "aníos"
},
{
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"word": "síos"
},
{
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"word": "thíos"
},
{
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"lang_code": "gd",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"word": "nìos"
},
{
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"lang_code": "gd",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"word": "shìos"
},
{
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"lang_code": "gd",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"word": "sìos"
}
],
"lang": "Old Irish",
"lang_code": "sga",
"word": "ís"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Celtic",
"lang_code": "cel-pro",
"word": "*ɸīssu"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Celtiberian",
"lang_code": "xce",
"word": "ozas"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Celtic",
"lang_code": "cel-pro",
"word": "*ɸodyā"
},
{
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"word": "*fōts"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Greek",
"lang_code": "el",
"roman": "pódi",
"word": "πόδι"
}
],
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"lang_code": "grc",
"roman": "poús",
"word": "πούς"
}
],
"lang": "Hellenic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"lang": "Proto-Indo-Iranian",
"lang_code": "iir-pro",
"word": "*pā́ts"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"word": "pēs"
},
{
"lang": "Umbrian",
"lang_code": "xum",
"roman": "peře",
"word": "𐌐𐌄𐌛𐌄"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Italic",
"lang_code": "itc-pro",
"word": "*pets"
},
{
"lang": "Phrygian",
"lang_code": "xpg",
"roman": "podas",
"word": "ποδας"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Tocharian A",
"lang_code": "xto",
"word": "pe"
},
{
"lang": "Tocharian B",
"lang_code": "txb",
"word": "paiyye"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Tocharian",
"lang_code": "ine-toc-pro",
"word": "*pei"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Tocharian A",
"lang_code": "xto",
"word": "pe"
},
{
"lang": "Tocharian B",
"lang_code": "txb",
"word": "paiyye"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Tocharian",
"lang_code": "ine-toc-pro",
"word": "*pódh₁e"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "af",
"3": "*ped->walk",
"4": "*-s>acrostatic",
"id": "foot"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*ped-",
"3": "*s",
"id2": "acrostatic",
"pos2": "root nominal suffix",
"t1": "to walk, to step"
},
"expansion": "*ped- (“to walk, to step”) + *-s (root nominal suffix)",
"name": "suf"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From earlier *póds, from *ped- (“to walk, to step”) + *-s (root nominal suffix), with the *-ṓ- arising via the morphologisation of Szemerényi's law.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ped-",
"tags": [
"oblique",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ine-decl-noun-mf",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "pṓds",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pódh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "pódh₁e",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "pódes",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pód",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "pódh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "pódh₁e",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "pódes",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "pódm̥",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pódh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "pódh₁e",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "pódm̥s",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pedés",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "pedóHom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pedés",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "pedmós",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pedbʰós",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pedéy",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "pedmós",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pedbʰós",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "péd",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pédi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "pedsú",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pedéh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "pedmís",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pedbʰís",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "oblique stem",
"6": "*ped-",
"f2nolink": "1",
"g": "m",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"head2": "",
"head3": "",
"head4": "",
"head5": ""
},
"expansion": "*pṓds m (oblique stem *ped-)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pód",
"2": "ped",
"ac": "acrostatic",
"loc_sg": "péd",
"nom_sg": "pṓds"
},
"name": "ine-decl-noun-mf"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/pṓds",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European terms belonging to the root *ped-",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European terms suffixed with *-s (acrostatic)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"foot"
],
"id": "en-pṓds-ine-pro-noun-IuT2kSpp",
"links": [
[
"foot",
"foot"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Szemerényi's law"
]
}
],
"word": "pṓds"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Albanian",
"lang_code": "sq",
"word": "përposh"
},
{
"lang": "Albanian",
"lang_code": "sq",
"word": "poshtë"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Albanian",
"lang_code": "sqj-pro",
"word": "*pāsi"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Hittite",
"lang_code": "hit",
"roman": "GÌR-aš /*padas/",
"word": "𒄊𒀸"
},
{
"lang": "Lycian",
"lang_code": "xlc",
"roman": "pede",
"word": "𐊓𐊁𐊅𐊁"
},
{
"lang": "Luwian",
"lang_code": "xlu",
"roman": "patās",
"word": "𒉺𒋫𒀀𒀸"
}
],
"lang": "Anatolian",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Old Armenian",
"lang_code": "xcl",
"roman": "otn",
"word": "ոտն"
}
],
"lang": "Armenian",
"lang_code": "hy"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Galatian",
"lang_code": "xga",
"roman": "ades",
"word": "αδες"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Celtic",
"lang_code": "cel-pro",
"word": "*ɸūts"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"word": "aníos"
},
{
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"word": "síos"
},
{
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"word": "thíos"
},
{
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"lang_code": "gd",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"word": "nìos"
},
{
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"lang_code": "gd",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"word": "shìos"
},
{
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"lang_code": "gd",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"word": "sìos"
}
],
"lang": "Old Irish",
"lang_code": "sga",
"word": "ís"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Celtic",
"lang_code": "cel-pro",
"word": "*ɸīssu"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Celtiberian",
"lang_code": "xce",
"word": "ozas"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Celtic",
"lang_code": "cel-pro",
"word": "*ɸodyā"
},
{
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"word": "*fōts"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Greek",
"lang_code": "el",
"roman": "pódi",
"word": "πόδι"
}
],
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"lang_code": "grc",
"roman": "poús",
"word": "πούς"
}
],
"lang": "Hellenic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"lang": "Proto-Indo-Iranian",
"lang_code": "iir-pro",
"word": "*pā́ts"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"word": "pēs"
},
{
"lang": "Umbrian",
"lang_code": "xum",
"roman": "peře",
"word": "𐌐𐌄𐌛𐌄"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Italic",
"lang_code": "itc-pro",
"word": "*pets"
},
{
"lang": "Phrygian",
"lang_code": "xpg",
"roman": "podas",
"word": "ποδας"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Tocharian A",
"lang_code": "xto",
"word": "pe"
},
{
"lang": "Tocharian B",
"lang_code": "txb",
"word": "paiyye"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Tocharian",
"lang_code": "ine-toc-pro",
"word": "*pei"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Tocharian A",
"lang_code": "xto",
"word": "pe"
},
{
"lang": "Tocharian B",
"lang_code": "txb",
"word": "paiyye"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Tocharian",
"lang_code": "ine-toc-pro",
"word": "*pódh₁e"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "af",
"3": "*ped->walk",
"4": "*-s>acrostatic",
"id": "foot"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*ped-",
"3": "*s",
"id2": "acrostatic",
"pos2": "root nominal suffix",
"t1": "to walk, to step"
},
"expansion": "*ped- (“to walk, to step”) + *-s (root nominal suffix)",
"name": "suf"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From earlier *póds, from *ped- (“to walk, to step”) + *-s (root nominal suffix), with the *-ṓ- arising via the morphologisation of Szemerényi's law.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ped-",
"tags": [
"oblique",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ine-decl-noun-mf",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "pṓds",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pódh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "pódh₁e",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "pódes",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pód",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "pódh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "pódh₁e",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "pódes",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "pódm̥",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pódh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "pódh₁e",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "pódm̥s",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pedés",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "pedóHom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pedés",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "pedmós",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pedbʰós",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pedéy",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "pedmós",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pedbʰós",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "péd",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pédi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "pedsú",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pedéh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "pedmís",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pedbʰís",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "oblique stem",
"6": "*ped-",
"f2nolink": "1",
"g": "m",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"head2": "",
"head3": "",
"head4": "",
"head5": ""
},
"expansion": "*pṓds m (oblique stem *ped-)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pód",
"2": "ped",
"ac": "acrostatic",
"loc_sg": "péd",
"nom_sg": "pṓds"
},
"name": "ine-decl-noun-mf"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/pṓds",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Indo-European acrostatic root nouns",
"Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Indo-European lemmas",
"Proto-Indo-European masculine nouns",
"Proto-Indo-European nouns",
"Proto-Indo-European terms belonging to the root *ped-",
"Proto-Indo-European terms suffixed with *-s (acrostatic)",
"ine-pro:Anatomy"
],
"glosses": [
"foot"
],
"links": [
[
"foot",
"foot"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Szemerényi's law"
]
}
],
"word": "pṓds"
}
Download raw JSONL data for pṓds meaning in Proto-Indo-European (7.1kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Indo-European dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-08-29 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-08-23 using wiktextract (ffdbfc3 and b9346a0). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.