See pī́ts in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-toc-pro",
"alt": "*päits",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Proto-Tocharian: *päits",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": ">? Proto-Tocharian: *päits"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-toc-pro",
"alt": "*päits-ko-",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Proto-Tocharian: *päits-ko-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Proto-Tocharian: *päits-ko-"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "txb",
"2": "pitke",
"t": "fat, grease, oil"
},
"expansion": "Tocharian B: pitke (“fat, grease, oil”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tocharian B: pitke (“fat, grease, oil”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*faitaz",
"t": "fat",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Proto-Germanic: *faitaz (“fat”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": ">? Proto-Germanic: *faitaz (“fat”) (see there for further descendants)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "txb",
"2": "pitke",
"t": "fat, grease, oil"
},
"expansion": "Tocharian B pitke (“fat, grease, oil”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*faitaz",
"t": "fat"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *faitaz (“fat”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*piHtú",
"t": "fat, tallow; food"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian *piHtú (“fat, tallow; food”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hit",
"2": "𒊭𒂵𒀭",
"t": "(animal) fat, tallow; pitch, resin",
"tr": "ša-ga-an"
},
"expansion": "Hittite 𒊭𒂵𒀭 (ša-ga-an, “(animal) fat, tallow; pitch, resin”)",
"name": "noncog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Suggested to be from *péyh₂-d-s ~ *pih₂-d-s-és, from *peyh₂- (“to swell (with milk, resin)”), cognate with Tocharian B pitke (“fat, grease, oil”), Proto-Germanic *faitaz (“fat”), Proto-Indo-Iranian *piHtú (“fat, tallow; food”), compare semantics of Hittite 𒊭𒂵𒀭 (ša-ga-an, “(animal) fat, tallow; pitch, resin”). Alternatively, related to *pewḱ- (“pine”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ine-decl-noun-mf",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "pī́ts",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pī́tsh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "pī́tsh₁e",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "pī́tses",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pī́ts",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "pī́tsh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "pī́tsh₁e",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "pī́tses",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "pī́tsm̥",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pī́tsh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "pī́tsh₁e",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "pī́tsm̥s",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pitsés",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "pitsóHom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pitsés",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "pitsmós",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pitsbʰós",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pitséy",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "pitsmós",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pitsbʰós",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pī́ts",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pī́tsi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "pitsú",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pitséh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "pitsmís",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pitsbʰís",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"f2nolink": "1",
"g": "m",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"head2": "",
"head3": "",
"head4": "",
"head5": ""
},
"expansion": "*pī́ts m",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pī́ts",
"2": "pits",
"ac": "amphikinetic"
},
"name": "ine-decl-noun-mf"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/pī́ts",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"pitch, resin"
],
"id": "en-pī́ts-ine-pro-noun-FnBj0yi-",
"links": [
[
"pitch",
"pitch"
],
[
"resin",
"resin"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "*gʷétu"
},
{
"word": "*sokʷós"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "4 96",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 96",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 95",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "4 96",
"english": "pine; see there for further descendants",
"roman": "pítŭs",
"sense": "Proto-Hellenic",
"tags": [
"Ancient-Greek"
],
"word": "πίτῠς"
},
{
"_dis1": "23 77",
"english": "resin tree",
"roman": "pī́tudāru",
"sense": "Sanskrit: *पीतु (*pī́tu)",
"word": "⇒ Sanskrit: पीतुदारु"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 97",
"english": "pine; see there for further descendants",
"sense": "Proto-Italic: *pīnos",
"tags": [
"Latin"
],
"word": "pīnus"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 90",
"english": "pine tree",
"sense": "Proto-Albanian: *pitšā; Albanian",
"word": "píshë"
}
],
"glosses": [
"pine tree"
],
"id": "en-pī́ts-ine-pro-noun-VlUbTPel",
"links": [
[
"pine tree",
"pine tree"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "pī́ts"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Indo-European amphikinetic root nouns",
"Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Indo-European lemmas",
"Proto-Indo-European masculine nouns",
"Proto-Indo-European nouns"
],
"derived": [
{
"english": "pine; see there for further descendants",
"roman": "pítŭs",
"sense": "Proto-Hellenic",
"tags": [
"Ancient-Greek"
],
"word": "πίτῠς"
},
{
"english": "resin tree",
"roman": "pī́tudāru",
"sense": "Sanskrit: *पीतु (*pī́tu)",
"word": "⇒ Sanskrit: पीतुदारु"
},
{
"english": "pine; see there for further descendants",
"sense": "Proto-Italic: *pīnos",
"tags": [
"Latin"
],
"word": "pīnus"
},
{
"english": "pine tree",
"sense": "Proto-Albanian: *pitšā; Albanian",
"word": "píshë"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-toc-pro",
"alt": "*päits",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Proto-Tocharian: *päits",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": ">? Proto-Tocharian: *päits"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-toc-pro",
"alt": "*päits-ko-",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Proto-Tocharian: *päits-ko-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Proto-Tocharian: *päits-ko-"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "txb",
"2": "pitke",
"t": "fat, grease, oil"
},
"expansion": "Tocharian B: pitke (“fat, grease, oil”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tocharian B: pitke (“fat, grease, oil”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*faitaz",
"t": "fat",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Proto-Germanic: *faitaz (“fat”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": ">? Proto-Germanic: *faitaz (“fat”) (see there for further descendants)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "txb",
"2": "pitke",
"t": "fat, grease, oil"
},
"expansion": "Tocharian B pitke (“fat, grease, oil”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*faitaz",
"t": "fat"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *faitaz (“fat”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*piHtú",
"t": "fat, tallow; food"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian *piHtú (“fat, tallow; food”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hit",
"2": "𒊭𒂵𒀭",
"t": "(animal) fat, tallow; pitch, resin",
"tr": "ša-ga-an"
},
"expansion": "Hittite 𒊭𒂵𒀭 (ša-ga-an, “(animal) fat, tallow; pitch, resin”)",
"name": "noncog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Suggested to be from *péyh₂-d-s ~ *pih₂-d-s-és, from *peyh₂- (“to swell (with milk, resin)”), cognate with Tocharian B pitke (“fat, grease, oil”), Proto-Germanic *faitaz (“fat”), Proto-Indo-Iranian *piHtú (“fat, tallow; food”), compare semantics of Hittite 𒊭𒂵𒀭 (ša-ga-an, “(animal) fat, tallow; pitch, resin”). Alternatively, related to *pewḱ- (“pine”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ine-decl-noun-mf",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "pī́ts",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pī́tsh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "pī́tsh₁e",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "pī́tses",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pī́ts",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "pī́tsh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "pī́tsh₁e",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "pī́tses",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "pī́tsm̥",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pī́tsh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "pī́tsh₁e",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "pī́tsm̥s",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pitsés",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "pitsóHom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pitsés",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "pitsmós",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pitsbʰós",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pitséy",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "pitsmós",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pitsbʰós",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pī́ts",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pī́tsi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "pitsú",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pitséh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "pitsmís",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pitsbʰís",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"f2nolink": "1",
"g": "m",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"head2": "",
"head3": "",
"head4": "",
"head5": ""
},
"expansion": "*pī́ts m",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pī́ts",
"2": "pits",
"ac": "amphikinetic"
},
"name": "ine-decl-noun-mf"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/pī́ts",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"pitch, resin"
],
"links": [
[
"pitch",
"pitch"
],
[
"resin",
"resin"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "*gʷétu"
},
{
"word": "*sokʷós"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"pine tree"
],
"links": [
[
"pine tree",
"pine tree"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "pī́ts"
}
Download raw JSONL data for pī́ts meaning in Proto-Indo-European (6.1kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Indo-European dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-05-29 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-05-20 using wiktextract (e937b02 and f1c2b61). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.