See pértus in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*ɸritus"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic: *ɸritus",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Celtic: *ɸritus (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*ferþuz",
"t": "inlet, fjord"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *ferþuz (“inlet, fjord”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *ferþuz (“inlet, fjord”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*furduz",
"t": "ford"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *furduz (“ford”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "from the oblique stem, apparently had already become a separate word in Germanic"
},
"expansion": "(from the oblique stem, apparently had already become a separate word in Germanic)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *furduz (“ford”) (see there for further descendants) (from the oblique stem, apparently had already become a separate word in Germanic)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*pr̥túš"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *pr̥túš",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *pr̥túš"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*pr̥túš"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *pr̥túš",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *pr̥túš (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*portus"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *portus",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *portus (see there for further descendants)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*per-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*per-",
"3": "*-tus",
"t1": "to penetrate; to cross (water)"
},
"expansion": "*per- (“to penetrate; to cross (water)”) + *-tus",
"name": "suffix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From *per- (“to penetrate; to cross (water)”) + *-tus.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ine-decl-noun-mf",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "pértus",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pértuh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "pértuh₁e",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "pértewes",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pértu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "pértuh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "pértuh₁e",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "pértewes",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "pértum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pértuh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "pértuh₁e",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "pértums",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pr̥téws",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "pr̥téwoHom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pr̥téws",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "pr̥túmos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pr̥túbʰos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pr̥téwey",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "pr̥túmos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pr̥túbʰos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pr̥téw",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pr̥téwi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "pr̥túsu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pr̥túh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "pr̥túmis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pr̥túbʰis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"f2nolink": "1",
"g": "m",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"head2": "",
"head3": "",
"head4": "",
"head5": ""
},
"expansion": "*pértus m",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pértu",
"2": "pr̥téw",
"ac": "proterokinetic"
},
"name": "ine-decl-noun-mf"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/pértus",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European terms belonging to the root *per-",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European terms suffixed with *-tus",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"crossing"
],
"id": "en-pértus-ine-pro-noun-2Ra6UrP4",
"links": [
[
"crossing",
"crossing"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "pértus"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*ɸritus"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic: *ɸritus",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Celtic: *ɸritus (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*ferþuz",
"t": "inlet, fjord"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *ferþuz (“inlet, fjord”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *ferþuz (“inlet, fjord”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*furduz",
"t": "ford"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *furduz (“ford”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "from the oblique stem, apparently had already become a separate word in Germanic"
},
"expansion": "(from the oblique stem, apparently had already become a separate word in Germanic)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *furduz (“ford”) (see there for further descendants) (from the oblique stem, apparently had already become a separate word in Germanic)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*pr̥túš"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *pr̥túš",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *pr̥túš"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*pr̥túš"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *pr̥túš",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *pr̥túš (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*portus"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *portus",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *portus (see there for further descendants)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*per-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*per-",
"3": "*-tus",
"t1": "to penetrate; to cross (water)"
},
"expansion": "*per- (“to penetrate; to cross (water)”) + *-tus",
"name": "suffix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From *per- (“to penetrate; to cross (water)”) + *-tus.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ine-decl-noun-mf",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "pértus",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pértuh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "pértuh₁e",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "pértewes",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pértu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "pértuh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "pértuh₁e",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "pértewes",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "pértum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pértuh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "pértuh₁e",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "pértums",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pr̥téws",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "pr̥téwoHom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pr̥téws",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "pr̥túmos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pr̥túbʰos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pr̥téwey",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "pr̥túmos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pr̥túbʰos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pr̥téw",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pr̥téwi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "pr̥túsu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pr̥túh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "pr̥túmis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pr̥túbʰis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"f2nolink": "1",
"g": "m",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"head2": "",
"head3": "",
"head4": "",
"head5": ""
},
"expansion": "*pértus m",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pértu",
"2": "pr̥téw",
"ac": "proterokinetic"
},
"name": "ine-decl-noun-mf"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/pértus",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Indo-European lemmas",
"Proto-Indo-European masculine nouns",
"Proto-Indo-European nouns",
"Proto-Indo-European proterokinetic tu-stem nouns",
"Proto-Indo-European terms belonging to the root *per-",
"Proto-Indo-European terms suffixed with *-tus",
"ine-pro:Road transport"
],
"glosses": [
"crossing"
],
"links": [
[
"crossing",
"crossing"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "pértus"
}
Download raw JSONL data for pértus meaning in Proto-Indo-European (5.9kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Indo-European dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-15 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (8a39820 and 4401a4c). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.