See pértus in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Proto-Celtic",
"lang_code": "cel-pro",
"word": "*ɸritus"
},
{
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "gem-pro"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Proto-Iranian",
"lang_code": "ira-pro",
"word": "*pr̥túš"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-Iranian",
"lang_code": "iir-pro",
"word": "*pr̥túš"
},
{
"lang": "Proto-Italic",
"lang_code": "itc-pro",
"word": "*portus"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*per-<id:fare>",
"3": "*-tus<id:action noun>",
"id": "crossing"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*per-",
"3": "*-tus",
"t1": "to fare"
},
"expansion": "*per- (“to fare”) + *-tus",
"name": "suffix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From *per- (“to fare”) + *-tus.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "pr̥téw-",
"tags": [
"oblique",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ine-decl-noun-mf",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "pértus",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pértuh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "pértuh₁e",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "pértewes",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pértu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "pértuh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "pértuh₁e",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "pértewes",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "pértum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pértuh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "pértuh₁e",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "pértums",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pr̥téws",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "pr̥téwoHom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pr̥téws",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "pr̥túmos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pr̥túbʰos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pr̥téwey",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "pr̥túmos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pr̥túbʰos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pr̥téw",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pr̥téwi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "pr̥túsu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pr̥túh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "pr̥túmis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pr̥túbʰis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "oblique stem",
"6": "*pr̥téw-",
"f2nolink": "1",
"g": "m",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"head2": "",
"head3": "",
"head4": "",
"head5": ""
},
"expansion": "*pértus m (oblique stem *pr̥téw-)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pértu",
"2": "pr̥téw",
"ac": "proterokinetic"
},
"name": "ine-decl-noun-mf"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/pértus",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European terms belonging to the root *per- (fare)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European terms suffixed with *-tus",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"crossing"
],
"id": "en-pértus-ine-pro-noun-2Ra6UrP4",
"links": [
[
"crossing",
"crossing"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "pértus"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Proto-Celtic",
"lang_code": "cel-pro",
"word": "*ɸritus"
},
{
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "gem-pro"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Proto-Iranian",
"lang_code": "ira-pro",
"word": "*pr̥túš"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-Iranian",
"lang_code": "iir-pro",
"word": "*pr̥túš"
},
{
"lang": "Proto-Italic",
"lang_code": "itc-pro",
"word": "*portus"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*per-<id:fare>",
"3": "*-tus<id:action noun>",
"id": "crossing"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*per-",
"3": "*-tus",
"t1": "to fare"
},
"expansion": "*per- (“to fare”) + *-tus",
"name": "suffix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From *per- (“to fare”) + *-tus.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "pr̥téw-",
"tags": [
"oblique",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ine-decl-noun-mf",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "pértus",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pértuh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "pértuh₁e",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "pértewes",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pértu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "pértuh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "pértuh₁e",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "pértewes",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "pértum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pértuh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "pértuh₁e",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "pértums",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pr̥téws",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "pr̥téwoHom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pr̥téws",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "pr̥túmos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pr̥túbʰos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pr̥téwey",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "pr̥túmos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pr̥túbʰos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pr̥téw",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pr̥téwi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "pr̥túsu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pr̥túh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "pr̥túmis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pr̥túbʰis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "oblique stem",
"6": "*pr̥téw-",
"f2nolink": "1",
"g": "m",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"head2": "",
"head3": "",
"head4": "",
"head5": ""
},
"expansion": "*pértus m (oblique stem *pr̥téw-)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pértu",
"2": "pr̥téw",
"ac": "proterokinetic"
},
"name": "ine-decl-noun-mf"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/pértus",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Indo-European lemmas",
"Proto-Indo-European masculine nouns",
"Proto-Indo-European nouns",
"Proto-Indo-European proterokinetic root nouns",
"Proto-Indo-European terms belonging to the root *per- (fare)",
"Proto-Indo-European terms suffixed with *-tus",
"ine-pro:Road transport"
],
"glosses": [
"crossing"
],
"links": [
[
"crossing",
"crossing"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "pértus"
}
Download raw JSONL data for pértus meaning in Proto-Indo-European (4.4kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Indo-European dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-12-15 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-12-02 using wiktextract (e2469cc and 9905b1f). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.