See meh₁ in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sqj-pro",
"2": "*mē"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Albanian: *mē",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Albanian: *mē"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "mo"
},
"expansion": "Albanian: mo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Albanian: mo"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hyx-pro",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Armenian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Armenian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "մի",
"id": "not"
},
"expansion": "Old Armenian: մի (mi)\nArmenian: մի (mi)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Armenian: մի (mi)\nArmenian: մի (mi)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xur",
"2": "𒈪𒉌",
"bor": "1",
"t": "usually: and; as a prohibitive: no, not",
"ts": "mī, mi, me(i)"
},
"expansion": "→ Urartian: 𒈪𒉌 (/mī, mi, me(i)/, “usually: and; as a prohibitive: no, not”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Urartian: 𒈪𒉌 (/mī, mi, me(i)/, “usually: and; as a prohibitive: no, not”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "*mḗ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *mḗ",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *mḗ"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "μή"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: μή (mḗ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: μή (mḗ)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*maH"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *maH",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *maH (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cms",
"2": "",
"t": "not",
"tr": "ma"
},
"expansion": "Messapic: [script needed] (ma, “not”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Messapic: [script needed] (ma, “not”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-toc-pro",
"2": "*mā"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Tocharian: *mā",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Tocharian: *mā"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xto",
"2": "mā",
"t": "not, no"
},
"expansion": "Tocharian A: mā (“not, no”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tocharian A: mā (“not, no”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "txb",
"2": "mā",
"t": "not, no"
},
"expansion": "Tocharian B: mā (“not, no”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tocharian B: mā (“not, no”)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xto",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Tocharian A",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "txb",
"2": "mā",
"3": "",
"4": "not, no"
},
"expansion": "Tocharian B mā (“not, no”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hit",
"t": "to refuse, to reject",
"tr": "mimmai"
},
"expansion": "Hittite [script needed] (mimmai, “to refuse, to reject”)",
"name": "m+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Compare Tocharian A/Tocharian B mā (“not, no”), not a prohibitive particle. According to Martirosyan, if the word originally meant ‘not’ and later obtained the function of the prohibitive, we are dealing with an Armeno-Greek-Albanian-Indo-Iranian grammatical isogloss.\nPossibly related to Hittite [script needed] (mimmai, “to refuse, to reject”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "particle"
},
"expansion": "*meh₁",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/meh₁",
"pos": "particle",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European particles",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "mēdé",
"sense": "Proto-Hellenic",
"tags": [
"Ancient-Greek"
],
"word": "μηδέ"
},
{
"roman": "mḗte",
"sense": "Proto-Hellenic",
"tags": [
"Ancient-Greek"
],
"word": "μήτε"
},
{
"roman": "māδa",
"sense": "Proto-Iranian; Younger Avestan",
"word": "𐬨𐬁𐬜𐬀"
},
{
"sense": "Proto-Albanian: *mē tše; Albanian",
"word": "mos"
}
],
"glosses": [
"prohibitive particle: \"don't ...!\""
],
"id": "en-meh₁-ine-pro-particle-R8T7Q~75",
"related": [
{
"word": "né"
}
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "meh₁"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"roman": "mēdé",
"sense": "Proto-Hellenic",
"tags": [
"Ancient-Greek"
],
"word": "μηδέ"
},
{
"roman": "māδa",
"sense": "Proto-Iranian; Younger Avestan",
"word": "𐬨𐬁𐬜𐬀"
},
{
"sense": "Proto-Albanian: *mē tše; Albanian",
"word": "mos"
},
{
"roman": "mḗte",
"sense": "Proto-Hellenic",
"tags": [
"Ancient-Greek"
],
"word": "μήτε"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sqj-pro",
"2": "*mē"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Albanian: *mē",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Albanian: *mē"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "mo"
},
"expansion": "Albanian: mo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Albanian: mo"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hyx-pro",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Armenian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Armenian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "մի",
"id": "not"
},
"expansion": "Old Armenian: մի (mi)\nArmenian: մի (mi)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Armenian: մի (mi)\nArmenian: մի (mi)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xur",
"2": "𒈪𒉌",
"bor": "1",
"t": "usually: and; as a prohibitive: no, not",
"ts": "mī, mi, me(i)"
},
"expansion": "→ Urartian: 𒈪𒉌 (/mī, mi, me(i)/, “usually: and; as a prohibitive: no, not”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Urartian: 𒈪𒉌 (/mī, mi, me(i)/, “usually: and; as a prohibitive: no, not”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "*mḗ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *mḗ",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *mḗ"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "μή"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: μή (mḗ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: μή (mḗ)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*maH"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *maH",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *maH (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cms",
"2": "",
"t": "not",
"tr": "ma"
},
"expansion": "Messapic: [script needed] (ma, “not”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Messapic: [script needed] (ma, “not”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-toc-pro",
"2": "*mā"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Tocharian: *mā",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Tocharian: *mā"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xto",
"2": "mā",
"t": "not, no"
},
"expansion": "Tocharian A: mā (“not, no”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tocharian A: mā (“not, no”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "txb",
"2": "mā",
"t": "not, no"
},
"expansion": "Tocharian B: mā (“not, no”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tocharian B: mā (“not, no”)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xto",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Tocharian A",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "txb",
"2": "mā",
"3": "",
"4": "not, no"
},
"expansion": "Tocharian B mā (“not, no”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hit",
"t": "to refuse, to reject",
"tr": "mimmai"
},
"expansion": "Hittite [script needed] (mimmai, “to refuse, to reject”)",
"name": "m+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Compare Tocharian A/Tocharian B mā (“not, no”), not a prohibitive particle. According to Martirosyan, if the word originally meant ‘not’ and later obtained the function of the prohibitive, we are dealing with an Armeno-Greek-Albanian-Indo-Iranian grammatical isogloss.\nPossibly related to Hittite [script needed] (mimmai, “to refuse, to reject”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "particle"
},
"expansion": "*meh₁",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/meh₁",
"pos": "particle",
"related": [
{
"word": "né"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Indo-European lemmas",
"Proto-Indo-European particles",
"Requests for native script for Hittite terms"
],
"glosses": [
"prohibitive particle: \"don't ...!\""
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "meh₁"
}
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This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Indo-European dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-05-19 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-05-01 using wiktextract (c3cc510 and 1d3fdbf). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.