See ménos in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"alt": "with *dus- ()",
"english": "hostile; bad",
"word": "dus-men-ēs"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"alt": "with *h₁su- ()",
"english": "benevolent; good",
"word": "h₁su-men-ēs"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "menerua, nom.sg., gen.sg., dat.sg.",
"sense": "Proto-Italic: *menezwā",
"word": "𐌌𐌄𐌍𐌄𐌓𐌖𐌀"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "meneruai, dat.sg.",
"sense": "Proto-Italic: *menezwā",
"word": "𐌌𐌄𐌍𐌄𐌓𐌖𐌀𐌉"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"alt": "menere(vas)",
"roman": "gen.sg.",
"sense": "Proto-Italic: *menezwā",
"word": "𐌌𐌄𐌍𐌄𐌓𐌄(𐌅𐌀𐌔)"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"alt": "dat.sg.?",
"sense": "Proto-Italic: *menezwā",
"word": "minerua"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"alt": "dat.sg.",
"sense": "Proto-Italic: *menezwā",
"word": "mineruai"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "borrowing from Faliscan or Umbrian also possible",
"sense": "Old Latin: Menerva, Menrva",
"word": "→ Etruscan: 𐌌𐌄𐌍𐌄𐌓𐌅𐌀"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"sense": "Old Latin: Menerva, Menrva",
"tags": [
"Latin"
],
"word": "Minerva"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*mánas"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *mánas",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *mánas (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "*ménos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *ménos",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *ménos"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "μένος"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: μένος (ménos)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: μένος (ménos)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "from",
"3": "*men->root",
"id": "mind"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*men-",
"3": "*-os",
"id2": "athematic",
"t1": "think, mind"
},
"expansion": "*men- (“think, mind”) + *-os",
"name": "suffix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From *men- (“think, mind”) + *-os.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ménes-",
"tags": [
"oblique",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ine-decl-noun-n",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ménos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ménesih₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "ménōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ménos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "ménesih₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "ménōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "ménos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ménesih₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "ménōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ménesos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "ménesoHom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ménesos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "ménesmos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ménesbʰos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ménesey",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "ménesmos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ménesbʰos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ménes",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ménesi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "ménesu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ménesh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "ménesmis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ménesbʰis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "oblique stem",
"6": "*ménes-",
"f2nolink": "1",
"g": "n",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"head2": "",
"head3": "",
"head4": "",
"head5": ""
},
"expansion": "*ménos n (oblique stem *ménes-)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ménos",
"2": "ménes",
"ac": "acrostatic"
},
"name": "ine-decl-noun-n"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ménos",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European terms belonging to the root *men-",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European terms suffixed with *-os (athematic)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"mind"
],
"id": "en-ménos-ine-pro-noun-HEj2MQ8c",
"links": [
[
"mind",
"mind"
]
],
"tags": [
"neuter",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European terms belonging to the root *men-",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European terms suffixed with *-os (athematic)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"thought"
],
"id": "en-ménos-ine-pro-noun-uBkjU6OY",
"links": [
[
"thought",
"thought"
]
],
"tags": [
"neuter",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "ménos"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Indo-European acrostatic neuter s-stem nouns",
"Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Indo-European lemmas",
"Proto-Indo-European neuter nouns",
"Proto-Indo-European nouns",
"Proto-Indo-European terms belonging to the root *men-",
"Proto-Indo-European terms suffixed with *-os (athematic)"
],
"derived": [
{
"alt": "with *dus- ()",
"english": "hostile; bad",
"word": "dus-men-ēs"
},
{
"alt": "with *h₁su- ()",
"english": "benevolent; good",
"word": "h₁su-men-ēs"
},
{
"roman": "menerua, nom.sg., gen.sg., dat.sg.",
"sense": "Proto-Italic: *menezwā",
"word": "𐌌𐌄𐌍𐌄𐌓𐌖𐌀"
},
{
"roman": "meneruai, dat.sg.",
"sense": "Proto-Italic: *menezwā",
"word": "𐌌𐌄𐌍𐌄𐌓𐌖𐌀𐌉"
},
{
"roman": "borrowing from Faliscan or Umbrian also possible",
"sense": "Old Latin: Menerva, Menrva",
"word": "→ Etruscan: 𐌌𐌄𐌍𐌄𐌓𐌅𐌀"
},
{
"sense": "Old Latin: Menerva, Menrva",
"tags": [
"Latin"
],
"word": "Minerva"
},
{
"alt": "menere(vas)",
"roman": "gen.sg.",
"sense": "Proto-Italic: *menezwā",
"word": "𐌌𐌄𐌍𐌄𐌓𐌄(𐌅𐌀𐌔)"
},
{
"alt": "dat.sg.?",
"sense": "Proto-Italic: *menezwā",
"word": "minerua"
},
{
"alt": "dat.sg.",
"sense": "Proto-Italic: *menezwā",
"word": "mineruai"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*mánas"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *mánas",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *mánas (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "*ménos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *ménos",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *ménos"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "μένος"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: μένος (ménos)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: μένος (ménos)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "from",
"3": "*men->root",
"id": "mind"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*men-",
"3": "*-os",
"id2": "athematic",
"t1": "think, mind"
},
"expansion": "*men- (“think, mind”) + *-os",
"name": "suffix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From *men- (“think, mind”) + *-os.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ménes-",
"tags": [
"oblique",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ine-decl-noun-n",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ménos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ménesih₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "ménōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ménos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "ménesih₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "ménōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "ménos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ménesih₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "ménōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ménesos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "ménesoHom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ménesos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "ménesmos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ménesbʰos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ménesey",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "ménesmos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ménesbʰos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ménes",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ménesi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "ménesu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ménesh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "ménesmis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ménesbʰis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "oblique stem",
"6": "*ménes-",
"f2nolink": "1",
"g": "n",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"head2": "",
"head3": "",
"head4": "",
"head5": ""
},
"expansion": "*ménos n (oblique stem *ménes-)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ménos",
"2": "ménes",
"ac": "acrostatic"
},
"name": "ine-decl-noun-n"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ménos",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"ine-pro:Thinking"
],
"glosses": [
"mind"
],
"links": [
[
"mind",
"mind"
]
],
"tags": [
"neuter",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"thought"
],
"links": [
[
"thought",
"thought"
]
],
"tags": [
"neuter",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "ménos"
}
Download raw JSONL data for ménos meaning in Proto-Indo-European (5.4kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Indo-European dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-03-09 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-03-02 using wiktextract (32c88e6 and 633533e). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.