h₁n̥dʰér in Proto-Indo-European

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{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gem-pro",
            "2": "*under"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *under",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "conflated with *h₁entér (“between”)"
          },
          "expansion": "(conflated with *h₁entér (“between”))",
          "name": "q"
        },
        {
          "args": {},
          "expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
          "name": "see desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Germanic: *under (conflated with *h₁entér (“between”)) (see there for further descendants)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "iir-pro",
            "2": "*Hadʰári"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Hadʰári",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Hadʰári"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ira-pro",
            "2": "*Hadári"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *Hadári",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {},
          "expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
          "name": "see desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Iranian: *Hadári (see there for further descendants)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*h₁en-"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*h₁n̥dʰí",
        "3": "*er",
        "alt2": "*ér",
        "t1": "under, below"
      },
      "expansion": "*h₁n̥dʰí (“under, below”) + *-ér",
      "name": "suf"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From *h₁n̥dʰí (“under, below”) + *-ér, *-éri (innovative locative suffix) (compare the suffix in *h₂éyeri).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "h₁n̥dʰér",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "h₁n̥dʰéri",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "adverb",
        "cat2": "",
        "cat3": "",
        "head": "*h₁n̥dʰér, *h₁n̥dʰéri"
      },
      "expansion": "*h₁n̥dʰér, *h₁n̥dʰéri",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
  "lang_code": "ine-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₁n̥dʰér",
  "pos": "adv",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Indo-European terms belonging to the root *h₁en-",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Indo-European terms suffixed with *-er",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "derived": [
        {
          "english": "see there for further descendants",
          "sense": "*h₁n̥dʰér-o-s (“lower”)",
          "word": "Hadʰáras"
        },
        {
          "sense": "Proto-Italic: *enðeros",
          "word": "Latin: īnferusItalian: infero"
        },
        {
          "english": "see there for further descendants",
          "sense": "Proto-Italic: *enðernos",
          "tags": [
            "Latin"
          ],
          "word": "īnfernus"
        },
        {
          "roman": "ifra",
          "sense": "Proto-Italic: *enðernos",
          "word": "𐌉𐌅𐌓𐌀"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "under, below"
      ],
      "id": "en-h₁n̥dʰér-ine-pro-adv-7MbRut0~",
      "links": [
        [
          "under",
          "under"
        ],
        [
          "below",
          "below"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "h₁n̥dʰér"
}

[Show JSON for raw wiktextract data ▼] [Hide JSON for raw wiktextract data ▲]

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "english": "see there for further descendants",
      "sense": "*h₁n̥dʰér-o-s (“lower”)",
      "word": "Hadʰáras"
    },
    {
      "sense": "Proto-Italic: *enðeros",
      "word": "Latin: īnferusItalian: infero"
    },
    {
      "english": "see there for further descendants",
      "sense": "Proto-Italic: *enðernos",
      "tags": [
        "Latin"
      ],
      "word": "īnfernus"
    },
    {
      "roman": "ifra",
      "sense": "Proto-Italic: *enðernos",
      "word": "𐌉𐌅𐌓𐌀"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gem-pro",
            "2": "*under"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *under",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "conflated with *h₁entér (“between”)"
          },
          "expansion": "(conflated with *h₁entér (“between”))",
          "name": "q"
        },
        {
          "args": {},
          "expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
          "name": "see desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Germanic: *under (conflated with *h₁entér (“between”)) (see there for further descendants)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "iir-pro",
            "2": "*Hadʰári"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Hadʰári",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Hadʰári"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ira-pro",
            "2": "*Hadári"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *Hadári",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {},
          "expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
          "name": "see desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Iranian: *Hadári (see there for further descendants)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*h₁en-"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*h₁n̥dʰí",
        "3": "*er",
        "alt2": "*ér",
        "t1": "under, below"
      },
      "expansion": "*h₁n̥dʰí (“under, below”) + *-ér",
      "name": "suf"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From *h₁n̥dʰí (“under, below”) + *-ér, *-éri (innovative locative suffix) (compare the suffix in *h₂éyeri).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "h₁n̥dʰér",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "h₁n̥dʰéri",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "adverb",
        "cat2": "",
        "cat3": "",
        "head": "*h₁n̥dʰér, *h₁n̥dʰéri"
      },
      "expansion": "*h₁n̥dʰér, *h₁n̥dʰéri",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
  "lang_code": "ine-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₁n̥dʰér",
  "pos": "adv",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Pages with 1 entry",
        "Pages with entries",
        "Proto-Indo-European adverbs",
        "Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
        "Proto-Indo-European lemmas",
        "Proto-Indo-European terms belonging to the root *h₁en-",
        "Proto-Indo-European terms suffixed with *-er"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "under, below"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "under",
          "under"
        ],
        [
          "below",
          "below"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "h₁n̥dʰér"
}

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This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Indo-European dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-06-13 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-06-01 using wiktextract (9c82c1c and f1c2b61). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.

"h₁n̥dʰér" meaning in Proto-Indo-European

Adverb