See gʷʰérmn̥ in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Old Armenian",
"lang_code": "xcl",
"roman": "ǰermn",
"sense": "heat; fever",
"word": "ջերմն"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Armenian",
"lang_code": "hyx-pro"
},
{
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"raw_tags": [
"inherited",
"uncertain"
],
"sense": "yeast, barm",
"word": "*bermō"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*gʷʰer-",
"3": "*mn̥",
"t1": "to be warm"
},
"expansion": "*gʷʰer- (“to be warm”) + *-mn̥",
"name": "suf"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "u̯"
},
"expansion": "^(u̯)",
"name": "smallsup"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "u̯"
},
"expansion": "^(u̯)",
"name": "smallsup"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "u̯"
},
"expansion": "^(u̯)",
"name": "smallsup"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "u̯"
},
"expansion": "^(u̯)",
"name": "smallsup"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From *gʷʰer- (“to be warm”) + *-mn̥.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ine-decl-noun-n",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "gʷʰérmn̥",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gʷʰérm̥nih₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gʷʰérmō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"collective",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "gʷʰérmn̥",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "gʷʰérm̥nih₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "gʷʰérmō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"collective",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "gʷʰérmn̥",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gʷʰérm̥nih₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gʷʰérmō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"collective"
]
},
{
"form": "gʷʰr̥méns",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gʷʰrm̥nés",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"collective",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "gʷʰr̥méns",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gʷʰrm̥nés",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"collective"
]
},
{
"form": "gʷʰr̥méney",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gʷʰrm̥néy",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"collective",
"dative"
]
},
{
"form": "gʷʰr̥mén",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gʷʰr̥méni",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gʷʰr̥mén",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"collective",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "gʷʰr̥méni",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"collective",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "gʷʰr̥ménh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gʷʰrm̥néh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"collective",
"instrumental"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"f2nolink": "1",
"g": "n",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"head2": "",
"head3": "",
"head4": "",
"head5": ""
},
"expansion": "*gʷʰérmn̥ n",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gʷʰérmn̥",
"2": "gʷʰr̥mén",
"ac": "proterokinetic",
"coll": "gʷʰérmon",
"coll2": "gʷʰr̥mn̥",
"coll_loc": "gʷʰr̥mén",
"n": "sd"
},
"name": "ine-decl-noun-n"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/gʷʰérmn̥",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European terms suffixed with *-mn̥",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"sense": "Proto-Albanian: *džerna; Albanian",
"tags": [
"singular"
],
"word": "zjarr"
},
{
"english": "fire",
"sense": "Proto-Albanian: *džerna; Albanian",
"tags": [
"plural"
],
"translation": "fire",
"word": "zjarrë"
},
{
"sense": "Proto-Albanian: *džerma; Albanian",
"tags": [
"singular"
],
"word": "zjarm"
},
{
"english": "fire",
"sense": "Proto-Albanian: *džerma; Albanian",
"tags": [
"plural"
],
"translation": "fire",
"word": "zjarme"
},
{
"english": "warm; see there for further descendants",
"roman": "ǰerm",
"sense": "Proto-Armenian; Old Armenian",
"translation": "warm; see there for further descendants",
"word": "ջերմ"
},
{
"english": "heat",
"roman": "thérmē",
"sense": "Ancient Greek: θερμός (thermós, “warm”) (see there for further descendants)",
"translation": "heat",
"word": "⇒ Ancient Greek: θέρμη"
},
{
"roman": "Gérmē",
"sense": "*gʷʰerm(n)-ó-s (“warm”)",
"word": "⇒? Phrygian: Γέρμη"
},
{
"english": "fermentation; yeast, ferment; fervor; to boil, ferment; or from *bʰer(H)- (); see there for further descendants",
"sense": ">? Proto-Italic: *fermentom",
"tags": [
"Latin"
],
"translation": "fermentation; yeast, ferment; fervor; to boil, ferment; or from *bʰer(H)- (); see there for further descendants",
"word": "fermentum"
},
{
"english": "oven",
"roman": "thérmassa",
"sense": "Proto-Hellenic: *kʷʰérməťťa",
"tags": [
"Ancient-Greek"
],
"translation": "oven",
"word": "θέρμασσα"
},
{
"sense": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *garmas (“heat”)",
"tags": [
"Latvian"
],
"word": "gar̂me"
},
{
"sense": "Old Prussian: gorme",
"word": "⇒ Old Prussian: gormapada"
},
{
"english": "heat, warmth; see there for further descendants",
"sense": "*gʷʰorm(n)-ó-s (“warmth, heat”)",
"translation": "heat, warmth; see there for further descendants",
"word": "gʰarmás"
},
{
"english": "warm; see there for further descendants",
"sense": "*gʷʰorm(n)-ó-s (“warm”)",
"translation": "warm; see there for further descendants",
"word": ">? Proto-Germanic: *warmaz"
},
{
"english": "warm; see there for further descendants",
"sense": "*gʷʰorm(n)-ó-s (“warm”)",
"translation": "warm; see there for further descendants",
"word": "Proto-Italic: *formosLatin: formus"
},
{
"english": "fire",
"sense": "Proto-Celtic: *gʷornos; Old Irish",
"translation": "fire",
"word": "gorn"
},
{
"english": "oven",
"sense": "Proto-Italic: *ɣʷornos",
"tags": [
"Latin"
],
"translation": "oven",
"word": "furnus"
},
{
"english": "see there for further descendants",
"sense": "Proto-Italic: *ɣʷornos",
"tags": [
"Latin"
],
"translation": "see there for further descendants",
"word": "fornus"
}
],
"glosses": [
"warmth, heat"
],
"id": "en-gʷʰérmn̥-ine-pro-noun-vHIiS3WO",
"links": [
[
"warmth",
"warmth"
],
[
"heat",
"heat"
]
],
"tags": [
"neuter",
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Alexander Lubotsky"
]
}
],
"word": "gʷʰérmn̥"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"sense": "Proto-Albanian: *džerna; Albanian",
"tags": [
"singular"
],
"word": "zjarr"
},
{
"english": "fire",
"sense": "Proto-Albanian: *džerna; Albanian",
"tags": [
"plural"
],
"translation": "fire",
"word": "zjarrë"
},
{
"sense": "Proto-Albanian: *džerma; Albanian",
"tags": [
"singular"
],
"word": "zjarm"
},
{
"english": "fire",
"sense": "Proto-Albanian: *džerma; Albanian",
"tags": [
"plural"
],
"translation": "fire",
"word": "zjarme"
},
{
"english": "warm; see there for further descendants",
"roman": "ǰerm",
"sense": "Proto-Armenian; Old Armenian",
"translation": "warm; see there for further descendants",
"word": "ջերմ"
},
{
"english": "heat",
"roman": "thérmē",
"sense": "Ancient Greek: θερμός (thermós, “warm”) (see there for further descendants)",
"translation": "heat",
"word": "⇒ Ancient Greek: θέρμη"
},
{
"roman": "Gérmē",
"sense": "*gʷʰerm(n)-ó-s (“warm”)",
"word": "⇒? Phrygian: Γέρμη"
},
{
"english": "fermentation; yeast, ferment; fervor; to boil, ferment; or from *bʰer(H)- (); see there for further descendants",
"sense": ">? Proto-Italic: *fermentom",
"tags": [
"Latin"
],
"translation": "fermentation; yeast, ferment; fervor; to boil, ferment; or from *bʰer(H)- (); see there for further descendants",
"word": "fermentum"
},
{
"english": "oven",
"roman": "thérmassa",
"sense": "Proto-Hellenic: *kʷʰérməťťa",
"tags": [
"Ancient-Greek"
],
"translation": "oven",
"word": "θέρμασσα"
},
{
"sense": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *garmas (“heat”)",
"tags": [
"Latvian"
],
"word": "gar̂me"
},
{
"sense": "Old Prussian: gorme",
"word": "⇒ Old Prussian: gormapada"
},
{
"english": "heat, warmth; see there for further descendants",
"sense": "*gʷʰorm(n)-ó-s (“warmth, heat”)",
"translation": "heat, warmth; see there for further descendants",
"word": "gʰarmás"
},
{
"english": "warm; see there for further descendants",
"sense": "*gʷʰorm(n)-ó-s (“warm”)",
"translation": "warm; see there for further descendants",
"word": ">? Proto-Germanic: *warmaz"
},
{
"english": "warm; see there for further descendants",
"sense": "*gʷʰorm(n)-ó-s (“warm”)",
"translation": "warm; see there for further descendants",
"word": "Proto-Italic: *formosLatin: formus"
},
{
"english": "fire",
"sense": "Proto-Celtic: *gʷornos; Old Irish",
"translation": "fire",
"word": "gorn"
},
{
"english": "oven",
"sense": "Proto-Italic: *ɣʷornos",
"tags": [
"Latin"
],
"translation": "oven",
"word": "furnus"
},
{
"english": "see there for further descendants",
"sense": "Proto-Italic: *ɣʷornos",
"tags": [
"Latin"
],
"translation": "see there for further descendants",
"word": "fornus"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Old Armenian",
"lang_code": "xcl",
"roman": "ǰermn",
"sense": "heat; fever",
"word": "ջերմն"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Armenian",
"lang_code": "hyx-pro"
},
{
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"raw_tags": [
"inherited",
"uncertain"
],
"sense": "yeast, barm",
"word": "*bermō"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*gʷʰer-",
"3": "*mn̥",
"t1": "to be warm"
},
"expansion": "*gʷʰer- (“to be warm”) + *-mn̥",
"name": "suf"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "u̯"
},
"expansion": "^(u̯)",
"name": "smallsup"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "u̯"
},
"expansion": "^(u̯)",
"name": "smallsup"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "u̯"
},
"expansion": "^(u̯)",
"name": "smallsup"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "u̯"
},
"expansion": "^(u̯)",
"name": "smallsup"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From *gʷʰer- (“to be warm”) + *-mn̥.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ine-decl-noun-n",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "gʷʰérmn̥",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gʷʰérm̥nih₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gʷʰérmō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"collective",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "gʷʰérmn̥",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "gʷʰérm̥nih₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "gʷʰérmō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"collective",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "gʷʰérmn̥",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gʷʰérm̥nih₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gʷʰérmō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"collective"
]
},
{
"form": "gʷʰr̥méns",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gʷʰrm̥nés",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"collective",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "gʷʰr̥méns",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gʷʰrm̥nés",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"collective"
]
},
{
"form": "gʷʰr̥méney",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gʷʰrm̥néy",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"collective",
"dative"
]
},
{
"form": "gʷʰr̥mén",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gʷʰr̥méni",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gʷʰr̥mén",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"collective",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "gʷʰr̥méni",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"collective",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "gʷʰr̥ménh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gʷʰrm̥néh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"collective",
"instrumental"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"f2nolink": "1",
"g": "n",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"head2": "",
"head3": "",
"head4": "",
"head5": ""
},
"expansion": "*gʷʰérmn̥ n",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gʷʰérmn̥",
"2": "gʷʰr̥mén",
"ac": "proterokinetic",
"coll": "gʷʰérmon",
"coll2": "gʷʰr̥mn̥",
"coll_loc": "gʷʰr̥mén",
"n": "sd"
},
"name": "ine-decl-noun-n"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/gʷʰérmn̥",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Indo-European lemmas",
"Proto-Indo-European neuter nouns",
"Proto-Indo-European nouns",
"Proto-Indo-European proterokinetic neuter men-stem nouns",
"Proto-Indo-European terms suffixed with *-mn̥"
],
"glosses": [
"warmth, heat"
],
"links": [
[
"warmth",
"warmth"
],
[
"heat",
"heat"
]
],
"tags": [
"neuter",
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Alexander Lubotsky"
]
}
],
"word": "gʷʰérmn̥"
}
Download raw JSONL data for gʷʰérmn̥ meaning in Proto-Indo-European (7.3kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Indo-European dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-09-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-08-23 using wiktextract (20da82b and a97feda). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.