See gʰerdʰ- in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*gʰerdʰ- (root present)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*gerdaną",
"t": "to gird"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *gerdaną (“to gird”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *gerdaną (“to gird”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*žьrdь",
"t": "pole"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *žьrdь (“pole”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "(probably) Proto-Slavic: *žьrdь (“pole”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*gʰr̥dʰ-yé-ti (ye-present)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*gurdijaną",
"t": "to gird"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *gurdijaną (“to gird”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *gurdijaną (“to gird”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*gʰórdʰ-os"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sqj-pro",
"2": "*garda"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Albanian: *garda",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Albanian: *garda"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "gardh",
"t": "fence"
},
"expansion": "Albanian: gardh (“fence”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Albanian: gardh (“fence”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*gárdas",
"t": "enclosure"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *gárdas (“enclosure”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *gárdas (“enclosure”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*gardaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *gardaz",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *gardaz (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xpg",
"2": "𐊩𐌏𐌛𐊅𐊄𐌌",
"t": "city"
},
"expansion": "Phrygian: 𐊩𐌏𐌛𐊅𐊄𐌌 (“city”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Phrygian: 𐊩𐌏𐌛𐊅𐊄𐌌 (“city”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*gʰr̥dʰ-ós"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-ana-pro",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Proto-Anatolian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": ">? Proto-Anatolian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hit",
"2": "",
"t": "citadel",
"tr": "gurtas"
},
"expansion": "Hittite: [script needed] (gurtas, “citadel”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Hittite: [script needed] (gurtas, “citadel”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xlu",
"tr": "gurta"
},
"expansion": "Luwian: [script needed] (gurta)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Luwian: [script needed] (gurta)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*gʰr̥dʰás",
"t": "house"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *gʰr̥dʰás (“house”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *gʰr̥dʰás (“house”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*gʰerdʰ-eh₂"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*gerdō",
"t": "girdle"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *gerdō (“girdle”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *gerdō (“girdle”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*gʰr̥dʰ-el-os"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*gurdilaz",
"t": "girdle"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *gurdilaz (“girdle”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *gurdilaz (“girdle”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 0,
"templates": [],
"text": "Unsorted formations"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-toc-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Tocharian:",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "possibly"
},
"expansion": "(possibly)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Tocharian: (possibly)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "txb",
"2": "kerccī",
"t": "palace"
},
"expansion": "Tocharian B: kerccī (“palace”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tocharian B: kerccī (“palace”)"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/gʰerdʰ-",
"pos": "root",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "ǵʰer-"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "53 47",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "53 47",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "51 49",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European CeRC-shape roots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "48 52",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European roots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to enclose, to encircle"
],
"id": "en-gʰerdʰ--ine-pro-root-RzbQrym0",
"links": [
[
"enclose",
"enclose"
],
[
"encircle",
"encircle"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "53 47",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "53 47",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "51 49",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European CeRC-shape roots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "48 52",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European roots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"enclosure, fence, belt"
],
"id": "en-gʰerdʰ--ine-pro-root-soURFnFR",
"links": [
[
"enclosure",
"enclosure"
],
[
"fence",
"fence"
],
[
"belt",
"belt"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers",
"Rick Derksen",
"Vladimir Orel"
],
"word": "gʰerdʰ-"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Indo-European CeRC-shape roots",
"Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Indo-European lemmas",
"Proto-Indo-European roots"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*gʰerdʰ- (root present)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*gerdaną",
"t": "to gird"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *gerdaną (“to gird”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *gerdaną (“to gird”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*žьrdь",
"t": "pole"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *žьrdь (“pole”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "(probably) Proto-Slavic: *žьrdь (“pole”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*gʰr̥dʰ-yé-ti (ye-present)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*gurdijaną",
"t": "to gird"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *gurdijaną (“to gird”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *gurdijaną (“to gird”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*gʰórdʰ-os"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sqj-pro",
"2": "*garda"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Albanian: *garda",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Albanian: *garda"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "gardh",
"t": "fence"
},
"expansion": "Albanian: gardh (“fence”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Albanian: gardh (“fence”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*gárdas",
"t": "enclosure"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *gárdas (“enclosure”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *gárdas (“enclosure”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*gardaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *gardaz",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *gardaz (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xpg",
"2": "𐊩𐌏𐌛𐊅𐊄𐌌",
"t": "city"
},
"expansion": "Phrygian: 𐊩𐌏𐌛𐊅𐊄𐌌 (“city”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Phrygian: 𐊩𐌏𐌛𐊅𐊄𐌌 (“city”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*gʰr̥dʰ-ós"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-ana-pro",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Proto-Anatolian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": ">? Proto-Anatolian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hit",
"2": "",
"t": "citadel",
"tr": "gurtas"
},
"expansion": "Hittite: [script needed] (gurtas, “citadel”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Hittite: [script needed] (gurtas, “citadel”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xlu",
"tr": "gurta"
},
"expansion": "Luwian: [script needed] (gurta)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Luwian: [script needed] (gurta)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*gʰr̥dʰás",
"t": "house"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *gʰr̥dʰás (“house”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *gʰr̥dʰás (“house”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*gʰerdʰ-eh₂"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*gerdō",
"t": "girdle"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *gerdō (“girdle”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *gerdō (“girdle”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*gʰr̥dʰ-el-os"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*gurdilaz",
"t": "girdle"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *gurdilaz (“girdle”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *gurdilaz (“girdle”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 0,
"templates": [],
"text": "Unsorted formations"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-toc-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Tocharian:",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "possibly"
},
"expansion": "(possibly)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Tocharian: (possibly)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "txb",
"2": "kerccī",
"t": "palace"
},
"expansion": "Tocharian B: kerccī (“palace”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tocharian B: kerccī (“palace”)"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/gʰerdʰ-",
"pos": "root",
"related": [
{
"word": "ǵʰer-"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to enclose, to encircle"
],
"links": [
[
"enclose",
"enclose"
],
[
"encircle",
"encircle"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"enclosure, fence, belt"
],
"links": [
[
"enclosure",
"enclosure"
],
[
"fence",
"fence"
],
[
"belt",
"belt"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers",
"Rick Derksen",
"Vladimir Orel"
],
"word": "gʰerdʰ-"
}
Download raw JSONL data for gʰerdʰ- meaning in Proto-Indo-European (5.4kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Indo-European dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-01 using wiktextract (f889f65 and 8fbd9e8). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.