See dʰewbʰ- in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*dʰewbʰ-é-ti"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*ďubati"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *ďubati",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *ďubati (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*dʰowbʰ-éye-ti (causative)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*daupijaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *daupijaną",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *daupijaną (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*dʰéwbʰ-et-o-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sqj-pro",
"2": "*deubeta"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Albanian: *deubeta",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Albanian: *deubeta"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "aae",
"2": "dejët"
},
"expansion": "Arbëresh Albanian: dejët",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Arbëresh Albanian: dejët, deejt, dejt (“sea”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "aln",
"2": "dēt"
},
"expansion": "Gheg Albanian: dēt",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "South Gheg"
},
"expansion": "(South Gheg)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Gheg Albanian: dēt (South Gheg)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "det"
},
"expansion": "Albanian: det",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Albanian: det"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*dʰewbʰ-nó-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*deupaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *deupaz",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *deupaz (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*dʰéwbʰ-u-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*dubus"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *dubus",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *dubus"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "dobs"
},
"expansion": "Latvian: dobs",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latvian: dobs"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "dubùs"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian: dubùs",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lithuanian: dubùs"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*dubus"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic: *dubus",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Celtic: *dubus (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*dʰubʰ-nó-s"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*dʰub⁽ʰ⁾-ó-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"alt": "*budʰ-ó-s",
"nolb": "1"
},
"expansion": "*budʰ-ó-s",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "metathesized"
},
"expansion": "(metathesized)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "*budʰ-ó-s (metathesized)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "*butʰós"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *butʰós",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *butʰós (or *tʰubós, if the metathesis happened later)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "βυθός",
"t": "depth",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Ancient Greek: βυθός (buthós, “depth”), βυσσός (bussós)\nGreek: βυθός (vythós)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": ">? Ancient Greek: βυθός (buthós, “depth”), βυσσός (bussós)\nGreek: βυθός (vythós)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*dʰubʰ-ró-s"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "possibly, with metathesis"
},
"expansion": "(possibly, with metathesis)",
"name": "qual"
}
],
"text": "*bʰudʰ-mḗn (possibly, with metathesis)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Unsorted formations:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sqj-pro",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Albanian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Albanian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "dudum",
"t": "dumb person, fool",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Albanian: dudum (“dumb person, fool”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": ">? Albanian: dudum (“dumb person, fool”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sqj-pro",
"2": "*deupa"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Albanian: *deupa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Albanian: *deupa"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "djep"
},
"expansion": "Albanian: djep",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Albanian: djep"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*dumbaz",
"t": "mute, dumb"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *dumbaz (“mute, dumb”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *dumbaz (“mute, dumb”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "τυφλός",
"t": "unseen, obscure, hazy, dark; blind",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Ancient Greek: τυφλός (tuphlós, “unseen, obscure, hazy, dark; blind”)\nGreek: τυφλός (tyflós)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": ">? Ancient Greek: τυφλός (tuphlós, “unseen, obscure, hazy, dark; blind”)\nGreek: τυφλός (tyflós)"
}
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "*dʰewb-",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/dʰewbʰ-",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "100 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "100 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "100 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European CeRC-shaped roots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "100 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "100 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European roots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"? hazy, unclear, dark"
],
"id": "en-dʰewbʰ--ine-pro-root-~WFzNKzF",
"links": [
[
"hazy",
"hazy"
],
[
"unclear",
"unclear"
],
[
"dark",
"dark"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"deep"
],
"id": "en-dʰewbʰ--ine-pro-root-dGEcHWRV",
"links": [
[
"deep",
"deep"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "dʰewbʰ-"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Indo-European CeRC-shaped roots",
"Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Indo-European lemmas",
"Proto-Indo-European roots"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*dʰewbʰ-é-ti"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*ďubati"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *ďubati",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *ďubati (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*dʰowbʰ-éye-ti (causative)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*daupijaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *daupijaną",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *daupijaną (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*dʰéwbʰ-et-o-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sqj-pro",
"2": "*deubeta"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Albanian: *deubeta",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Albanian: *deubeta"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "aae",
"2": "dejët"
},
"expansion": "Arbëresh Albanian: dejët",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Arbëresh Albanian: dejët, deejt, dejt (“sea”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "aln",
"2": "dēt"
},
"expansion": "Gheg Albanian: dēt",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "South Gheg"
},
"expansion": "(South Gheg)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Gheg Albanian: dēt (South Gheg)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "det"
},
"expansion": "Albanian: det",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Albanian: det"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*dʰewbʰ-nó-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*deupaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *deupaz",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *deupaz (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*dʰéwbʰ-u-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*dubus"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *dubus",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *dubus"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "dobs"
},
"expansion": "Latvian: dobs",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latvian: dobs"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "dubùs"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian: dubùs",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lithuanian: dubùs"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*dubus"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic: *dubus",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Celtic: *dubus (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*dʰubʰ-nó-s"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*dʰub⁽ʰ⁾-ó-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"alt": "*budʰ-ó-s",
"nolb": "1"
},
"expansion": "*budʰ-ó-s",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "metathesized"
},
"expansion": "(metathesized)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "*budʰ-ó-s (metathesized)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "*butʰós"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *butʰós",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *butʰós (or *tʰubós, if the metathesis happened later)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "βυθός",
"t": "depth",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Ancient Greek: βυθός (buthós, “depth”), βυσσός (bussós)\nGreek: βυθός (vythós)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": ">? Ancient Greek: βυθός (buthós, “depth”), βυσσός (bussós)\nGreek: βυθός (vythós)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*dʰubʰ-ró-s"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "possibly, with metathesis"
},
"expansion": "(possibly, with metathesis)",
"name": "qual"
}
],
"text": "*bʰudʰ-mḗn (possibly, with metathesis)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Unsorted formations:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sqj-pro",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Albanian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Albanian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "dudum",
"t": "dumb person, fool",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Albanian: dudum (“dumb person, fool”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": ">? Albanian: dudum (“dumb person, fool”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sqj-pro",
"2": "*deupa"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Albanian: *deupa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Albanian: *deupa"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "djep"
},
"expansion": "Albanian: djep",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Albanian: djep"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*dumbaz",
"t": "mute, dumb"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *dumbaz (“mute, dumb”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *dumbaz (“mute, dumb”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "τυφλός",
"t": "unseen, obscure, hazy, dark; blind",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Ancient Greek: τυφλός (tuphlós, “unseen, obscure, hazy, dark; blind”)\nGreek: τυφλός (tyflós)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": ">? Ancient Greek: τυφλός (tuphlós, “unseen, obscure, hazy, dark; blind”)\nGreek: τυφλός (tyflós)"
}
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "*dʰewb-",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/dʰewbʰ-",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"? hazy, unclear, dark"
],
"links": [
[
"hazy",
"hazy"
],
[
"unclear",
"unclear"
],
[
"dark",
"dark"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"deep"
],
"links": [
[
"deep",
"deep"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "dʰewbʰ-"
}
Download raw JSONL data for dʰewbʰ- meaning in Proto-Indo-European (6.0kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Indo-European dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-05-19 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-05-01 using wiktextract (c3cc510 and 1d3fdbf). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.