See -ōs in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Hellenic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Ancient Greek: some -ως (-ōs)/ -ώς (-ṓs) (ἠώς f (ēṓs), αἰδώς f (aidṓs), γέλως m (gélōs))"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*-ōs"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *-ōs",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *-ōs"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "-or"
},
"expansion": "Latin: -or",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: -or"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "af",
"3": "*-os>action nouns",
"4": "*-s>nominalizing suffix",
"id": "nouns"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*-os",
"3": "*-s",
"alt1": "*(é)-os",
"id1": "athematic",
"pos1": "neuter s-stem",
"pos2": "non-neuter nominative"
},
"expansion": "*(é)-os (neuter s-stem) + *-s (non-neuter nominative)",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From *(é)-os-s from *(é)-os (neuter s-stem) + *-s (non-neuter nominative), with simplification of the geminate consonant /s/ and compensatory lengthening. Compare *-yōs.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ine-decl-noun-mf",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-ōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "é-ōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-osh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "-osh₁e",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "é₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "é₁e",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "-oses",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "é-oses",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-os",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "é-os",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-osh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-osh₁e",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "é₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "é₁e",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-oses",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "é-oses",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-osm̥",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "é-osm̥",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-osh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "-osh₁e",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "é₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "é₁e",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "-osm̥s",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "é-osm̥s",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-sés",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Ø-sés",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "-sóHom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Ø-sóHom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-sés",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Ø-sés",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "-smós",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Ø-smós",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-sbʰós",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Ø-sbʰós",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-séy",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Ø-séy",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "-smós",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Ø-smós",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-sbʰós",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Ø-sbʰós",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-és",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Ø-és",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ési",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Ø-ési",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "-sú",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Ø-sú",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-séh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Ø-séh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "-smís",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Ø-smís",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-sbʰís",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Ø-sbʰís",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "noun-forming suffixes",
"g": "m",
"g2": "f",
"head": "*(é)-ōs"
},
"expansion": "*(é)-ōs m or f",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "(é)-os",
"2": "(Ø)-s",
"ac": "amphikinetic",
"loc_sg": "(Ø)-és"
},
"name": "ine-decl-noun-mf"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-ōs",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European entries referencing etymons with invalid IDs",
"parents": [
"Entries referencing etymons with invalid IDs",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European suffixes with multiple genders",
"parents": [
"Suffixes with multiple genders",
"Suffixes by gender",
"Suffixes",
"Morphemes",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European terms suffixed with *-os",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European terms suffixed with *-os (athematic)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European terms suffixed with *-s",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Creates masculine and feminine action nouns or result nouns from verbs."
],
"id": "en--ōs-ine-pro-suffix-Pqg0G4rY",
"links": [
[
"action noun",
"action noun#English"
],
[
"result noun",
"result noun#English"
]
],
"related": [
{
"word": "(é)-ēs"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine",
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "-ōs"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Hellenic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Ancient Greek: some -ως (-ōs)/ -ώς (-ṓs) (ἠώς f (ēṓs), αἰδώς f (aidṓs), γέλως m (gélōs))"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*-ōs"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *-ōs",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *-ōs"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "-or"
},
"expansion": "Latin: -or",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: -or"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "af",
"3": "*-os>action nouns",
"4": "*-s>nominalizing suffix",
"id": "nouns"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*-os",
"3": "*-s",
"alt1": "*(é)-os",
"id1": "athematic",
"pos1": "neuter s-stem",
"pos2": "non-neuter nominative"
},
"expansion": "*(é)-os (neuter s-stem) + *-s (non-neuter nominative)",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From *(é)-os-s from *(é)-os (neuter s-stem) + *-s (non-neuter nominative), with simplification of the geminate consonant /s/ and compensatory lengthening. Compare *-yōs.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ine-decl-noun-mf",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-ōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "é-ōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-osh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "-osh₁e",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "é₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "é₁e",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "-oses",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "é-oses",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-os",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "é-os",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-osh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-osh₁e",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "é₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "é₁e",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-oses",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "é-oses",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-osm̥",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "é-osm̥",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-osh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "-osh₁e",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "é₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "é₁e",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "-osm̥s",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "é-osm̥s",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-sés",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Ø-sés",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "-sóHom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Ø-sóHom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-sés",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Ø-sés",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "-smós",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Ø-smós",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-sbʰós",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Ø-sbʰós",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-séy",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Ø-séy",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "-smós",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Ø-smós",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-sbʰós",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Ø-sbʰós",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-és",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Ø-és",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ési",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Ø-ési",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "-sú",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Ø-sú",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-séh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Ø-séh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "-smís",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Ø-smís",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-sbʰís",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Ø-sbʰís",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "noun-forming suffixes",
"g": "m",
"g2": "f",
"head": "*(é)-ōs"
},
"expansion": "*(é)-ōs m or f",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "(é)-os",
"2": "(Ø)-s",
"ac": "amphikinetic",
"loc_sg": "(Ø)-és"
},
"name": "ine-decl-noun-mf"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-ōs",
"pos": "suffix",
"related": [
{
"word": "(é)-ēs"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Indo-European amphikinetic root nouns",
"Proto-Indo-European entries referencing etymons with invalid IDs",
"Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Indo-European feminine suffixes",
"Proto-Indo-European lemmas",
"Proto-Indo-European masculine suffixes",
"Proto-Indo-European noun-forming suffixes",
"Proto-Indo-European suffixes",
"Proto-Indo-European suffixes with multiple genders",
"Proto-Indo-European terms suffixed with *-os",
"Proto-Indo-European terms suffixed with *-os (athematic)",
"Proto-Indo-European terms suffixed with *-s"
],
"glosses": [
"Creates masculine and feminine action nouns or result nouns from verbs."
],
"links": [
[
"action noun",
"action noun#English"
],
[
"result noun",
"result noun#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine",
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "-ōs"
}
Download raw JSONL data for -ōs meaning in Proto-Indo-European (6.9kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Indo-European dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-28 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-11-21 using wiktextract (65a6e81 and 0dbea76). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.