See -trom in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*-trom"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic: *-trom",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Celtic: *-trom"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-bry-pro",
"2": "*-dr"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Brythonic: *-dr",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Brythonic: *-dr"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "-thar"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish: -thar",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Irish: -thar"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-gau",
"2": "-tron"
},
"expansion": "Gaulish: -tron",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gaulish: -tron"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*-þrą"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *-þrą",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *-þrą (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "*-tron"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *-tron\nAncient Greek: -τρον (-tron) (see there for further descendants)\nMycenaean Greek: -𐀵𐀫 (-to-ro /-tron/)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *-tron\nAncient Greek: -τρον (-tron) (see there for further descendants)\nMycenaean Greek: -𐀵𐀫 (-to-ro /-tron/)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*-tram"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *-tram",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *-tram"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*-tram"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *-tram",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *-tram"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "-त्र"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: -त्र (-tra)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: -त्र (-tra)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*-θra"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *-θra",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *-θra"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "-𐬙𐬭𐬀",
"3": "-𐬛𐬭𐬀",
"4": "-𐬚𐬭𐬀"
},
"expansion": "Avestan: -𐬙𐬭𐬀 (-tra), -𐬛𐬭𐬀 (-dra), -𐬚𐬭𐬀 (-θra)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Avestan: -𐬙𐬭𐬀 (-tra), -𐬛𐬭𐬀 (-dra), -𐬚𐬭𐬀 (-θra)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*-trom"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *-trom",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *-trom"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "-trum"
},
"expansion": "Latin: -trum",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: -trum"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "ine-pro>*-tḗr>agent noun",
"id": "tool noun",
"pos": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymon"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Thematicized from the zero-grade of *-tḗr.\nOriginally the neuter gender of some adjective *-tros meaning \"of the doer, of doing\". Of note is the similar development later exercised by daughter languages (e.g. Latin -tor > -tōrius (“of the doer, of doing”) > -tōrium (“thing/ place of the doer”)).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ine-decl-noun-n",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-trom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "é-trom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-troy",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "-troyh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "éy",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "éyh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "-treh₂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "é-treh₂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-trom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "é-trom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-troy",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-troyh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "éy",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "éyh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-treh₂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "é-treh₂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-trom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "é-trom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-troy",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "-troyh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "éy",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "éyh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "-treh₂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "é-treh₂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-trosyo",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "é-trosyo",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "-troHom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "é-troHom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-tread",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "é-tread",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "-tromos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "é-tromos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-trobʰos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "é-trobʰos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-troey",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "é-troey",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "-tromos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "é-tromos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-trobʰos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "é-trobʰos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-trey",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "é-trey",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-troy",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "é-troy",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "-troysu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "é-troysu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-troh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "é-troh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "-trōys",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "é-trōys",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "*-dʰlom",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "*-dʰrom",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "*-tlom",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "noun-forming suffixes",
"g": "n",
"head": "*(é)-trom"
},
"expansion": "*(é)-trom n",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "(é)-tro"
},
"name": "ine-decl-noun-n"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-trom",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using catfix",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forms nouns denoting a tool or instrument."
],
"id": "en--trom-ine-pro-suffix-Jpbetv1m",
"links": [
[
"tool",
"tool#English"
],
[
"instrument",
"instrument#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"neuter",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "-trom"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*-trom"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic: *-trom",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Celtic: *-trom"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-bry-pro",
"2": "*-dr"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Brythonic: *-dr",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Brythonic: *-dr"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "-thar"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish: -thar",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Irish: -thar"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-gau",
"2": "-tron"
},
"expansion": "Gaulish: -tron",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gaulish: -tron"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*-þrą"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *-þrą",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *-þrą (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "*-tron"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *-tron\nAncient Greek: -τρον (-tron) (see there for further descendants)\nMycenaean Greek: -𐀵𐀫 (-to-ro /-tron/)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *-tron\nAncient Greek: -τρον (-tron) (see there for further descendants)\nMycenaean Greek: -𐀵𐀫 (-to-ro /-tron/)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*-tram"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *-tram",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *-tram"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*-tram"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *-tram",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *-tram"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "-त्र"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: -त्र (-tra)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: -त्र (-tra)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*-θra"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *-θra",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *-θra"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "-𐬙𐬭𐬀",
"3": "-𐬛𐬭𐬀",
"4": "-𐬚𐬭𐬀"
},
"expansion": "Avestan: -𐬙𐬭𐬀 (-tra), -𐬛𐬭𐬀 (-dra), -𐬚𐬭𐬀 (-θra)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Avestan: -𐬙𐬭𐬀 (-tra), -𐬛𐬭𐬀 (-dra), -𐬚𐬭𐬀 (-θra)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*-trom"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *-trom",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *-trom"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "-trum"
},
"expansion": "Latin: -trum",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: -trum"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "ine-pro>*-tḗr>agent noun",
"id": "tool noun",
"pos": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymon"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Thematicized from the zero-grade of *-tḗr.\nOriginally the neuter gender of some adjective *-tros meaning \"of the doer, of doing\". Of note is the similar development later exercised by daughter languages (e.g. Latin -tor > -tōrius (“of the doer, of doing”) > -tōrium (“thing/ place of the doer”)).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ine-decl-noun-n",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-trom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "é-trom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-troy",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "-troyh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "éy",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "éyh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "-treh₂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "é-treh₂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-trom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "é-trom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-troy",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-troyh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "éy",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "éyh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-treh₂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "é-treh₂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-trom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "é-trom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-troy",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "-troyh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "éy",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "éyh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "-treh₂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "é-treh₂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-trosyo",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "é-trosyo",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "-troHom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "é-troHom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-tread",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "é-tread",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "-tromos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "é-tromos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-trobʰos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "é-trobʰos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-troey",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "é-troey",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "-tromos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "é-tromos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-trobʰos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "é-trobʰos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-trey",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "é-trey",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-troy",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "é-troy",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "-troysu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "é-troysu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-troh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "é-troh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "-trōys",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "é-trōys",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "*-dʰlom",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "*-dʰrom",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "*-tlom",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "noun-forming suffixes",
"g": "n",
"head": "*(é)-trom"
},
"expansion": "*(é)-trom n",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "(é)-tro"
},
"name": "ine-decl-noun-n"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-trom",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Indo-European lemmas",
"Proto-Indo-European neuter suffixes",
"Proto-Indo-European noun-forming suffixes",
"Proto-Indo-European suffixes",
"Proto-Indo-European thematic neuter o-stem suffixes"
],
"glosses": [
"Forms nouns denoting a tool or instrument."
],
"links": [
[
"tool",
"tool#English"
],
[
"instrument",
"instrument#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"neuter",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "-trom"
}
Download raw JSONL data for -trom meaning in Proto-Indo-European (8.4kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Indo-European dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-03-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-03-02 using wiktextract (b81b832 and 633533e). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.