See ǵʰrem- in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for ǵʰrem- meaning in Proto-Indo-European (8.4kB)
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ǵʰérm̥-ti ~ *ǵʰr̥m-énti / *ǵʰr̥m-tór ~ *ǵʰr̥m-n̥tór (athematic root present)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*ȷ́ʰárati"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ȷ́ʰárati",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ȷ́ʰárati (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ǵʰrḗm-s-t ~ *ǵʰrém-s-ént (s-aorist)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-toc-pro",
"2": "*krās-",
"t": "to vex, torment; to be angry"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Tocharian: *krās- (“to vex, torment; to be angry”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Tocharian: *krās- (“to vex, torment; to be angry”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*Hágʰrānsat"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Hágʰrānsat",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Hágʰrānsat"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*Hágrānsat"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *Hágrānsat",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *Hágrānsat"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sog",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Sogdian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sogdian:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sog",
"2": "𐼄𐼘𐼀𐼎𐼑𐼎𐼀𐼊",
"pos": "pres.ptc.",
"sc": "Sogo",
"sclb": "1",
"t": "annoyed, angry, irritable",
"tr": "ɣrʾnsnʾy",
"ts": "ɣrānsnē"
},
"expansion": "Old Sogdian script: 𐼄𐼘𐼀𐼎𐼑𐼎𐼀𐼊 (ɣrʾnsnʾy /ɣrānsnē/, “annoyed, angry, irritable”, pres.ptc.)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Sogdian script: 𐼄𐼘𐼀𐼎𐼑𐼎𐼀𐼊 (ɣrʾnsnʾy /ɣrānsnē/, “annoyed, angry, irritable”, pres.ptc.)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ǵʰr̥m-tó-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*gʰr̥ntás"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *gʰr̥ntás",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *gʰr̥ntás"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*gr̥ntáh"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *gr̥ntáh",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *gr̥ntáh"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*gr̥ntákaH",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Proto-Iranian: *gr̥ntákaH",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Proto-Iranian: *gr̥ntákaH"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sog",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Sogdian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sogdian:"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sog",
"2": "𐫃̌𐫡𐫀𐫗𐫅𐫙",
"sc": "Mani",
"sclb": "1",
"t": "irritated",
"tr": "ǧrʾndʿ",
"ts": "ɣrandyy"
},
"expansion": "Manichaean script: 𐫃̌𐫡𐫀𐫗𐫅𐫙 (ǧrʾndʿ /ɣrandyy/, “irritated”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Manichaean script: 𐫃̌𐫡𐫀𐫗𐫅𐫙 (ǧrʾndʿ /ɣrandyy/, “irritated”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*aHgr̥mtáh",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Proto-Iranian: *aHgr̥mtáh",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Proto-Iranian: *aHgr̥mtáh"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-sgc-pro",
"2": "*aHgr̥ntāns"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Sogdic: *aHgr̥ntāns",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Sogdic: *aHgr̥ntāns"
},
{
"depth": 6,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sog",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Sogdian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sogdian:"
},
{
"depth": 6,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sog",
"2": "𐼰𐼲𐽀𐼰𐼻𐽂𐼰𐼻𐽂",
"pos": "3pl.ptc.",
"sc": "Sogd",
"sclb": "1",
"tr": "ʾɣrʾntʾnt",
"ts": "āɣrantant"
},
"expansion": "Sogdian script: 𐼰𐼲𐽀𐼰𐼻𐽂𐼰𐼻𐽂 (ʾɣrʾntʾnt /āɣrantant/, 3pl.ptc.)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sogdian script: 𐼰𐼲𐽀𐼰𐼻𐽂𐼰𐼻𐽂 (ʾɣrʾntʾnt /āɣrantant/, 3pl.ptc.)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ǵʰrém-ont-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*gʰrámans"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *gʰrámans",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *gʰrámans"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*grámans"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *grámans",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *grámans"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬔𐬭𐬀𐬨𐬆𐬧𐬙𐬄𐬨",
"pos": "acc.sg.ptc.pres."
},
"expansion": "Avestan: 𐬔𐬭𐬀𐬨𐬆𐬧𐬙𐬄𐬨 (graməṇtąm, acc.sg.ptc.pres.)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Avestan: 𐬔𐬭𐬀𐬨𐬆𐬧𐬙𐬄𐬨 (graməṇtąm, acc.sg.ptc.pres.)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sog",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Sogdian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sogdian:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sog",
"2": "𐼄𐼘𐼀𐼎𐼑",
"sc": "Sogo",
"sclb": "1",
"t": "to get angry",
"tr": "ɣrʾns",
"ts": "ɣrans"
},
"expansion": "Old Sogdian script: 𐼄𐼘𐼀𐼎𐼑 (ɣrʾns /ɣrans/, “to get angry”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Sogdian script: 𐼄𐼘𐼀𐼎𐼑 (ɣrʾns /ɣrans/, “to get angry”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ǵʰrom-éye-ti (éye-causative)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*gramjaną",
"t": "to cause to be angry, provoke"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *gramjaną (“to cause to be angry, provoke”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *gramjaną (“to cause to be angry, provoke”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ǵʰr̥-né-m-ti ~ *ǵʰr̥-n-m-énti (nasal infix)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*grimmaną",
"t": "to be angry"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *grimmaną (“to be angry”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "< *ǵʰrénmeti"
},
"expansion": "(< *ǵʰrénmeti)",
"name": "q"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *grimmaną (“to be angry”) (< *ǵʰrénmeti) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ǵʰrem-nó-s or *ǵʰrem-wó-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*grimmaz",
"t": "angry, irritated, fierce"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *grimmaz (“angry, irritated, fierce”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *grimmaz (“angry, irritated, fierce”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ǵʰróm-o-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*gramaz",
"t": "furious, hostile"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *gramaz (“furious, hostile”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *gramaz (“furious, hostile”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ǵʰŕ̥m-eh₂"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "χάρμη"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: χάρμη (khármē)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: χάρμη (khármē)"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ǵʰrem-",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"to vex, torment"
],
"id": "en-ǵʰrem--ine-pro-root-JPWzAh1Z",
"links": [
[
"vex",
"vex"
],
[
"torment",
"torment"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) to vex, torment"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "30 70",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European CReR-shape roots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 91",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 91",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European roots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to be angry, upset"
],
"id": "en-ǵʰrem--ine-pro-root-PZVrdaD3",
"links": [
[
"angry",
"angry"
],
[
"upset",
"upset"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) to be angry, upset"
],
"tags": [
"intransitive",
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers",
"Weise's Law"
],
"word": "ǵʰrem-"
}
{
"categories": [
"Proto-Indo-European CReR-shape roots",
"Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Indo-European lemmas",
"Proto-Indo-European roots"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ǵʰérm̥-ti ~ *ǵʰr̥m-énti / *ǵʰr̥m-tór ~ *ǵʰr̥m-n̥tór (athematic root present)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*ȷ́ʰárati"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ȷ́ʰárati",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ȷ́ʰárati (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ǵʰrḗm-s-t ~ *ǵʰrém-s-ént (s-aorist)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-toc-pro",
"2": "*krās-",
"t": "to vex, torment; to be angry"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Tocharian: *krās- (“to vex, torment; to be angry”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Tocharian: *krās- (“to vex, torment; to be angry”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*Hágʰrānsat"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Hágʰrānsat",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Hágʰrānsat"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*Hágrānsat"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *Hágrānsat",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *Hágrānsat"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sog",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Sogdian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sogdian:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sog",
"2": "𐼄𐼘𐼀𐼎𐼑𐼎𐼀𐼊",
"pos": "pres.ptc.",
"sc": "Sogo",
"sclb": "1",
"t": "annoyed, angry, irritable",
"tr": "ɣrʾnsnʾy",
"ts": "ɣrānsnē"
},
"expansion": "Old Sogdian script: 𐼄𐼘𐼀𐼎𐼑𐼎𐼀𐼊 (ɣrʾnsnʾy /ɣrānsnē/, “annoyed, angry, irritable”, pres.ptc.)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Sogdian script: 𐼄𐼘𐼀𐼎𐼑𐼎𐼀𐼊 (ɣrʾnsnʾy /ɣrānsnē/, “annoyed, angry, irritable”, pres.ptc.)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ǵʰr̥m-tó-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*gʰr̥ntás"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *gʰr̥ntás",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *gʰr̥ntás"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*gr̥ntáh"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *gr̥ntáh",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *gr̥ntáh"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*gr̥ntákaH",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Proto-Iranian: *gr̥ntákaH",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Proto-Iranian: *gr̥ntákaH"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sog",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Sogdian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sogdian:"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sog",
"2": "𐫃̌𐫡𐫀𐫗𐫅𐫙",
"sc": "Mani",
"sclb": "1",
"t": "irritated",
"tr": "ǧrʾndʿ",
"ts": "ɣrandyy"
},
"expansion": "Manichaean script: 𐫃̌𐫡𐫀𐫗𐫅𐫙 (ǧrʾndʿ /ɣrandyy/, “irritated”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Manichaean script: 𐫃̌𐫡𐫀𐫗𐫅𐫙 (ǧrʾndʿ /ɣrandyy/, “irritated”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*aHgr̥mtáh",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Proto-Iranian: *aHgr̥mtáh",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Proto-Iranian: *aHgr̥mtáh"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-sgc-pro",
"2": "*aHgr̥ntāns"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Sogdic: *aHgr̥ntāns",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Sogdic: *aHgr̥ntāns"
},
{
"depth": 6,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sog",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Sogdian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sogdian:"
},
{
"depth": 6,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sog",
"2": "𐼰𐼲𐽀𐼰𐼻𐽂𐼰𐼻𐽂",
"pos": "3pl.ptc.",
"sc": "Sogd",
"sclb": "1",
"tr": "ʾɣrʾntʾnt",
"ts": "āɣrantant"
},
"expansion": "Sogdian script: 𐼰𐼲𐽀𐼰𐼻𐽂𐼰𐼻𐽂 (ʾɣrʾntʾnt /āɣrantant/, 3pl.ptc.)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sogdian script: 𐼰𐼲𐽀𐼰𐼻𐽂𐼰𐼻𐽂 (ʾɣrʾntʾnt /āɣrantant/, 3pl.ptc.)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ǵʰrém-ont-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*gʰrámans"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *gʰrámans",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *gʰrámans"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*grámans"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *grámans",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *grámans"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬔𐬭𐬀𐬨𐬆𐬧𐬙𐬄𐬨",
"pos": "acc.sg.ptc.pres."
},
"expansion": "Avestan: 𐬔𐬭𐬀𐬨𐬆𐬧𐬙𐬄𐬨 (graməṇtąm, acc.sg.ptc.pres.)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Avestan: 𐬔𐬭𐬀𐬨𐬆𐬧𐬙𐬄𐬨 (graməṇtąm, acc.sg.ptc.pres.)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sog",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Sogdian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sogdian:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sog",
"2": "𐼄𐼘𐼀𐼎𐼑",
"sc": "Sogo",
"sclb": "1",
"t": "to get angry",
"tr": "ɣrʾns",
"ts": "ɣrans"
},
"expansion": "Old Sogdian script: 𐼄𐼘𐼀𐼎𐼑 (ɣrʾns /ɣrans/, “to get angry”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Sogdian script: 𐼄𐼘𐼀𐼎𐼑 (ɣrʾns /ɣrans/, “to get angry”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ǵʰrom-éye-ti (éye-causative)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*gramjaną",
"t": "to cause to be angry, provoke"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *gramjaną (“to cause to be angry, provoke”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *gramjaną (“to cause to be angry, provoke”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ǵʰr̥-né-m-ti ~ *ǵʰr̥-n-m-énti (nasal infix)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*grimmaną",
"t": "to be angry"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *grimmaną (“to be angry”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "< *ǵʰrénmeti"
},
"expansion": "(< *ǵʰrénmeti)",
"name": "q"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *grimmaną (“to be angry”) (< *ǵʰrénmeti) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ǵʰrem-nó-s or *ǵʰrem-wó-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*grimmaz",
"t": "angry, irritated, fierce"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *grimmaz (“angry, irritated, fierce”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *grimmaz (“angry, irritated, fierce”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ǵʰróm-o-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*gramaz",
"t": "furious, hostile"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *gramaz (“furious, hostile”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *gramaz (“furious, hostile”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ǵʰŕ̥m-eh₂"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "χάρμη"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: χάρμη (khármē)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: χάρμη (khármē)"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ǵʰrem-",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Proto-Indo-European transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"to vex, torment"
],
"links": [
[
"vex",
"vex"
],
[
"torment",
"torment"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) to vex, torment"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Proto-Indo-European intransitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"to be angry, upset"
],
"links": [
[
"angry",
"angry"
],
[
"upset",
"upset"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) to be angry, upset"
],
"tags": [
"intransitive",
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers",
"Weise's Law"
],
"word": "ǵʰrem-"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Indo-European dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-31 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (91e95e7 and db5a844). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.