See ǵʰley- in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for ǵʰley- meaning in Proto-Indo-European (13.0kB)
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ǵʰlí-e-ti"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "*kʰlíō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *kʰlíō",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *kʰlíō"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "χλίω",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Ancient Greek: χλίω (khlíō)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": ">? Ancient Greek: χλίω (khlíō)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "χλιαίνω",
"der": "1",
"t": "to warm; to soften"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Ancient Greek: χλιαίνω (khliaínō, “to warm; to soften”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Ancient Greek: χλιαίνω (khliaínō, “to warm; to soften”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ǵʰley-mós (“shine, brightness”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*glīmô"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *glīmô",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *glīmô"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*glīmō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *glīmō",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *glīmō"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gleomu",
"t": "splendor"
},
"expansion": "Old English: gleomu (“splendor”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old English: gleomu (“splendor”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "glīmo",
"t": "shine"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: glīmo (“shine”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: glīmo (“shine”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "glīmo"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: glīmo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: glīmo, gleimo, glīm (“glow-worm”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Old Norse:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "glim"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian Nynorsk: glim",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dialectal"
},
"expansion": "(dialectal)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Norwegian Nynorsk: glim (dialectal)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-osw",
"2": "glim"
},
"expansion": "Old Swedish: glim",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Swedish: glim, glimma"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "glimme",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Middle English: glimme",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Middle English: glimme"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "glim"
},
"expansion": "English: glim",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: glim"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*glīmaną",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Proto-Germanic: *glīmaną",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Proto-Germanic: *glīmaną (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*glaimiz",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Proto-Germanic: *glaimiz",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Proto-Germanic: *glaimiz (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ǵʰley-nós (“bright, clear”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*glēnos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic: *glēnos",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Celtic: *glēnos"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-bry-pro",
"2": "*-gluɨn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Brythonic: *-gluɨn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Brythonic: *-gluɨn"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "try-lwyn"
},
"expansion": "Welsh: try-lwyn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Welsh: try-lwyn"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "gléinech"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish: gléinech",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Irish: gléinech"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ǵʰley-wós (“shining, sparkling”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*glēwos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic: *glēwos",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Celtic: *glēwos (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*gliwēną",
"der": "1",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒? Proto-Germanic: *gliwēną",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒? Proto-Germanic: *gliwēną or *glijō(ja)ną"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "glīa",
"t": "to glitter"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian: glīa (“to glitter”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Frisian: glīa (“to glitter”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "gljá",
"t": "to glitter"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: gljá (“to glitter”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: gljá (“to glitter”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fo",
"2": "glíggja"
},
"expansion": "Faroese: glíggja",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Faroese: glíggja"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "gljá"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic: gljá",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Icelandic: gljá"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Unsorted formations:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "žlėjà",
"t": "twilight; dusk, darkness",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Lithuanian: žlėjà (“twilight; dusk, darkness”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "or from <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"ine-pro\">*ǵʰleh₃-</i>?"
},
"expansion": "(or from *ǵʰleh₃-?)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": ">? Lithuanian: žlėjà (“twilight; dusk, darkness”) (or from *ǵʰleh₃-?)"
},
{
"depth": 0,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ǵʰley-s-"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ǵʰleys-to-s (“shine, brightness”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*glēstos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic: *glēstos",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Celtic: *glēstos"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-bry-pro",
"2": "*gluɨs"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Brythonic: *gluɨs",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Brythonic: *gluɨs"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "obt",
"2": "glois"
},
"expansion": "Old Breton: glois",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Breton: glois, gloes"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "glwys"
},
"expansion": "Welsh: glwys",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Welsh: glwys"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "glésse"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish: glésse",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Irish: glésse, glése, gléisse, gléise"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-gau",
"2": "glīso-"
},
"expansion": "Gaulish: glīso-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gaulish: glīso-"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ǵʰlis-nó-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*glisnaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *glisnaz",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *glisnaz"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*glisnōną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *glisnōną",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *glisnōną"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*glisnōn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *glisnōn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *glisnōn"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "glisnian"
},
"expansion": "Old English: glisnian",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Old English: glisnian (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "*glisna"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: *glisna",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: *glisna"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "glisna"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian: glisna",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Norwegian: glisna"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "glesna"
},
"expansion": "Swedish: glesna",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Swedish: glesna"
},
{
"depth": 0,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ǵʰley-d-"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ǵʰléyd-e-ti"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*glītaną",
"t": "to shine, sparkle"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *glītaną (“to shine, sparkle”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *glītaną (“to shine, sparkle”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*gʰli-n-d-e-ti (“to shine, glint”, nasal-infix)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*glintaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *glintaną",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *glintaną (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ǵʰlid-í-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*glitiz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *glitiz",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *glitiz"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*glit"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *glit",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *glit"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*glitinōn",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Proto-West Germanic: *glitinōn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Proto-West Germanic: *glitinōn"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "glitenian"
},
"expansion": "Old English: glitenian",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old English: glitenian"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "glizinōn"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: glizinōn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: glizinōn"
},
{
"depth": 6,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "glitzenen"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German: glitzenen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle High German: glitzenen"
},
{
"depth": 7,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "glitzen"
},
"expansion": "German: glitzen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German: glitzen"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ǵʰlid-éh₂"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "*kʰlidā́"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *kʰlidā́",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *kʰlidā́"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "χλιδή",
"t": "effeminacy, luxury, haughtiness, riches",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Ancient Greek: χλιδή (khlidḗ, “effeminacy, luxury, haughtiness, riches”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": ">? Ancient Greek: χλιδή (khlidḗ, “effeminacy, luxury, haughtiness, riches”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ǵʰlid-mn̥ (“shine”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*glitmô"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *glitmô",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *glitmô (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"alt": "*ǵʰlid-mn̥-ye-ti",
"der": "1",
"nolb": "1",
"t": "to shine, sparkle"
},
"expansion": "⇒ *ǵʰlid-mn̥-ye-ti (“to shine, sparkle”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ *ǵʰlid-mn̥-ye-ti (“to shine, sparkle”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*glitmunjaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *glitmunjaną",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *glitmunjaną (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ǵʰlid-ró-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*glitraz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *glitraz",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *glitraz"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*glitrōną",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Proto-Germanic: *glitrōną",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Proto-Germanic: *glitrōną (see there for further descendants)"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ǵʰley-",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European CReR-shape roots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European roots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to shine"
],
"id": "en-ǵʰley--ine-pro-root-i5-pW8j2",
"links": [
[
"shine",
"shine"
]
],
"related": [
{
"word": "ǵʰelh₃-"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
]
}
],
"word": "ǵʰley-"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ǵʰlí-e-ti"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "*kʰlíō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *kʰlíō",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *kʰlíō"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "χλίω",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Ancient Greek: χλίω (khlíō)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": ">? Ancient Greek: χλίω (khlíō)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "χλιαίνω",
"der": "1",
"t": "to warm; to soften"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Ancient Greek: χλιαίνω (khliaínō, “to warm; to soften”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Ancient Greek: χλιαίνω (khliaínō, “to warm; to soften”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ǵʰley-mós (“shine, brightness”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*glīmô"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *glīmô",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *glīmô"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*glīmō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *glīmō",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *glīmō"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gleomu",
"t": "splendor"
},
"expansion": "Old English: gleomu (“splendor”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old English: gleomu (“splendor”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "glīmo",
"t": "shine"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: glīmo (“shine”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: glīmo (“shine”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "glīmo"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: glīmo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: glīmo, gleimo, glīm (“glow-worm”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Old Norse:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "glim"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian Nynorsk: glim",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dialectal"
},
"expansion": "(dialectal)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Norwegian Nynorsk: glim (dialectal)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-osw",
"2": "glim"
},
"expansion": "Old Swedish: glim",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Swedish: glim, glimma"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "glimme",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Middle English: glimme",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Middle English: glimme"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "glim"
},
"expansion": "English: glim",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: glim"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*glīmaną",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Proto-Germanic: *glīmaną",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Proto-Germanic: *glīmaną (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*glaimiz",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Proto-Germanic: *glaimiz",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Proto-Germanic: *glaimiz (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ǵʰley-nós (“bright, clear”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*glēnos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic: *glēnos",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Celtic: *glēnos"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-bry-pro",
"2": "*-gluɨn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Brythonic: *-gluɨn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Brythonic: *-gluɨn"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "try-lwyn"
},
"expansion": "Welsh: try-lwyn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Welsh: try-lwyn"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "gléinech"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish: gléinech",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Irish: gléinech"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ǵʰley-wós (“shining, sparkling”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*glēwos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic: *glēwos",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Celtic: *glēwos (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*gliwēną",
"der": "1",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒? Proto-Germanic: *gliwēną",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒? Proto-Germanic: *gliwēną or *glijō(ja)ną"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "glīa",
"t": "to glitter"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian: glīa (“to glitter”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Frisian: glīa (“to glitter”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "gljá",
"t": "to glitter"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: gljá (“to glitter”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: gljá (“to glitter”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fo",
"2": "glíggja"
},
"expansion": "Faroese: glíggja",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Faroese: glíggja"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "gljá"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic: gljá",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Icelandic: gljá"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Unsorted formations:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "žlėjà",
"t": "twilight; dusk, darkness",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Lithuanian: žlėjà (“twilight; dusk, darkness”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "or from <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"ine-pro\">*ǵʰleh₃-</i>?"
},
"expansion": "(or from *ǵʰleh₃-?)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": ">? Lithuanian: žlėjà (“twilight; dusk, darkness”) (or from *ǵʰleh₃-?)"
},
{
"depth": 0,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ǵʰley-s-"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ǵʰleys-to-s (“shine, brightness”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*glēstos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic: *glēstos",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Celtic: *glēstos"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-bry-pro",
"2": "*gluɨs"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Brythonic: *gluɨs",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Brythonic: *gluɨs"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "obt",
"2": "glois"
},
"expansion": "Old Breton: glois",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Breton: glois, gloes"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "glwys"
},
"expansion": "Welsh: glwys",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Welsh: glwys"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "glésse"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish: glésse",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Irish: glésse, glése, gléisse, gléise"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-gau",
"2": "glīso-"
},
"expansion": "Gaulish: glīso-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gaulish: glīso-"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ǵʰlis-nó-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*glisnaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *glisnaz",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *glisnaz"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*glisnōną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *glisnōną",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *glisnōną"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*glisnōn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *glisnōn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *glisnōn"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "glisnian"
},
"expansion": "Old English: glisnian",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Old English: glisnian (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "*glisna"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: *glisna",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: *glisna"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "glisna"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian: glisna",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Norwegian: glisna"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "glesna"
},
"expansion": "Swedish: glesna",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Swedish: glesna"
},
{
"depth": 0,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ǵʰley-d-"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ǵʰléyd-e-ti"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*glītaną",
"t": "to shine, sparkle"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *glītaną (“to shine, sparkle”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *glītaną (“to shine, sparkle”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*gʰli-n-d-e-ti (“to shine, glint”, nasal-infix)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*glintaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *glintaną",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *glintaną (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ǵʰlid-í-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*glitiz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *glitiz",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *glitiz"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*glit"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *glit",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *glit"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*glitinōn",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Proto-West Germanic: *glitinōn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Proto-West Germanic: *glitinōn"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "glitenian"
},
"expansion": "Old English: glitenian",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old English: glitenian"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "glizinōn"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: glizinōn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: glizinōn"
},
{
"depth": 6,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "glitzenen"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German: glitzenen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle High German: glitzenen"
},
{
"depth": 7,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "glitzen"
},
"expansion": "German: glitzen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German: glitzen"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ǵʰlid-éh₂"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "*kʰlidā́"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *kʰlidā́",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *kʰlidā́"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "χλιδή",
"t": "effeminacy, luxury, haughtiness, riches",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Ancient Greek: χλιδή (khlidḗ, “effeminacy, luxury, haughtiness, riches”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": ">? Ancient Greek: χλιδή (khlidḗ, “effeminacy, luxury, haughtiness, riches”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ǵʰlid-mn̥ (“shine”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*glitmô"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *glitmô",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *glitmô (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"alt": "*ǵʰlid-mn̥-ye-ti",
"der": "1",
"nolb": "1",
"t": "to shine, sparkle"
},
"expansion": "⇒ *ǵʰlid-mn̥-ye-ti (“to shine, sparkle”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ *ǵʰlid-mn̥-ye-ti (“to shine, sparkle”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*glitmunjaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *glitmunjaną",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *glitmunjaną (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ǵʰlid-ró-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*glitraz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *glitraz",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *glitraz"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*glitrōną",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Proto-Germanic: *glitrōną",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Proto-Germanic: *glitrōną (see there for further descendants)"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ǵʰley-",
"pos": "root",
"related": [
{
"word": "ǵʰelh₃-"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Proto-Indo-European CReR-shape roots",
"Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Indo-European lemmas",
"Proto-Indo-European roots"
],
"glosses": [
"to shine"
],
"links": [
[
"shine",
"shine"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
]
}
],
"word": "ǵʰley-"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Indo-European dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-06-04 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (e9e0a99 and db5a844). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.