"ǵʰleh₁-" meaning in Proto-Indo-European

See ǵʰleh₁- in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Root

Etymology: Thought to be a reanalyzed root from *ǵʰel- (“to shine”) + *-éh₁ti (fientive verb suffix), whence also *ǵʰley- (“to shine”). Often mistakenly undifferentiated from *ǵʰelh₃- (“green, yellow”). Etymology templates: {{suf|ine-pro|*ǵʰel-|*-éh₁ti|pos2=fientive verb suffix|t1=to shine}} *ǵʰel- (“to shine”) + *-éh₁ti (fientive verb suffix)
  1. to shine, glow Tags: morpheme, reconstruction
    Sense id: en-ǵʰleh₁--ine-pro-root-PdDYBu4q Categories (other): Pages with 1 entry, Pages with entries, Proto-Indo-European CReH-shaped roots, Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header, Proto-Indo-European roots, Proto-Indo-European terms suffixed with *-éh₁ti Disambiguation of Pages with 1 entry: 50 50 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 52 48 Disambiguation of Proto-Indo-European CReH-shaped roots: 50 50 Disambiguation of Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header: 52 48 Disambiguation of Proto-Indo-European roots: 52 48 Disambiguation of Proto-Indo-European terms suffixed with *-éh₁ti: 52 48
  2. to be shining, glowing Tags: morpheme, reconstruction
    Sense id: en-ǵʰleh₁--ine-pro-root-ZHRNso7s Categories (other): Pages with 1 entry, Pages with entries, Proto-Indo-European CReH-shaped roots, Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header, Proto-Indo-European roots, Proto-Indo-European terms suffixed with *-éh₁ti Disambiguation of Pages with 1 entry: 50 50 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 52 48 Disambiguation of Proto-Indo-European CReH-shaped roots: 50 50 Disambiguation of Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header: 52 48 Disambiguation of Proto-Indo-European roots: 52 48 Disambiguation of Proto-Indo-European terms suffixed with *-éh₁ti: 52 48
{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "descendants": [
                {
                  "lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
                  "lang_code": "gmw-pro",
                  "sense": "shine, brightness",
                  "word": "*glast"
                }
              ],
              "lang": "Proto-Germanic",
              "lang_code": "gem-pro",
              "raw_tags": [
                "reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
              ],
              "word": "*glastaz"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Proto-Germanic",
              "lang_code": "gem-pro",
              "raw_tags": [
                "reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
              ],
              "sense": "to make shiny",
              "word": "*glēsijaną"
            },
            {
              "descendants": [
                {
                  "descendants": [
                    {
                      "lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
                      "lang_code": "gmw-pro",
                      "sense": "to shine, glare",
                      "word": "*glāʀōn"
                    },
                    {
                      "descendants": [
                        {
                          "lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
                          "lang_code": "gmw-pro",
                          "word": "*glāʀ"
                        }
                      ],
                      "lang": "Proto-Germanic",
                      "lang_code": "gem-pro",
                      "raw_tags": [
                        "reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
                      ],
                      "word": "*glēzą"
                    }
                  ],
                  "lang": "Proto-Germanic",
                  "lang_code": "gem-pro",
                  "raw_tags": [
                    "reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
                  ],
                  "word": "*glēzōną"
                }
              ],
              "lang": "Proto-Germanic",
              "lang_code": "gem-pro",
              "raw_tags": [
                "reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
              ],
              "word": "*glēz-"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Proto-Germanic",
          "lang_code": "gem-pro",
          "sense": "to shine",
          "word": "*glēsaną"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "unknown",
      "lang_code": "ine-pro",
      "raw_tags": [
        "derived"
      ],
      "word": "*ǵʰléh₁-se-ti"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "descendants": [
                {
                  "lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
                  "lang_code": "gmw-pro",
                  "sense": "shine, brightness",
                  "word": "*glast"
                }
              ],
              "lang": "Proto-Germanic",
              "lang_code": "gem-pro",
              "raw_tags": [
                "reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
              ],
              "word": "*glastaz"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Proto-Germanic",
              "lang_code": "gem-pro",
              "raw_tags": [
                "reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
              ],
              "sense": "to make shiny",
              "word": "*glēsijaną"
            },
            {
              "descendants": [
                {
                  "descendants": [
                    {
                      "lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
                      "lang_code": "gmw-pro",
                      "sense": "to shine, glare",
                      "word": "*glāʀōn"
                    },
                    {
                      "descendants": [
                        {
                          "lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
                          "lang_code": "gmw-pro",
                          "word": "*glāʀ"
                        }
                      ],
                      "lang": "Proto-Germanic",
                      "lang_code": "gem-pro",
                      "raw_tags": [
                        "reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
                      ],
                      "word": "*glēzą"
                    }
                  ],
                  "lang": "Proto-Germanic",
                  "lang_code": "gem-pro",
                  "raw_tags": [
                    "reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
                  ],
                  "word": "*glēzōną"
                }
              ],
              "lang": "Proto-Germanic",
              "lang_code": "gem-pro",
              "raw_tags": [
                "reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
              ],
              "word": "*glēz-"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Proto-Germanic",
          "lang_code": "gem-pro",
          "sense": "to shine",
          "word": "*glēsaną"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "unknown",
      "lang_code": "ine-pro",
      "raw_tags": [
        "derived"
      ],
      "word": "*ǵʰlḗh₁-s-t ~ *ǵʰléh₁-s-n̥t"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "lang": "Proto-Germanic",
              "lang_code": "gem-pro",
              "raw_tags": [
                "reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
              ],
              "sense": "shining, bright",
              "word": "*gladaz"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Proto-Germanic",
              "lang_code": "gem-pro",
              "raw_tags": [
                "reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
              ],
              "sense": "shine; embers",
              "word": "*glanaz"
            },
            {
              "descendants": [
                {
                  "lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
                  "lang_code": "gmw-pro",
                  "word": "*glandī"
                }
              ],
              "lang": "Proto-Germanic",
              "lang_code": "gem-pro",
              "raw_tags": [
                "reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
              ],
              "sense": "shining, glowing",
              "word": "*glandz"
            },
            {
              "descendants": [
                {
                  "lang": "Proto-Germanic",
                  "lang_code": "gem-pro",
                  "raw_tags": [
                    "reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
                  ],
                  "word": "*glōdijaną"
                }
              ],
              "lang": "Proto-Germanic",
              "lang_code": "gem-pro",
              "raw_tags": [
                "reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
              ],
              "sense": "glow; embers",
              "word": "*glōdiz"
            },
            {
              "descendants": [
                {
                  "lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
                  "lang_code": "gmw-pro",
                  "sense": "glow; embers",
                  "word": "*glōr"
                }
              ],
              "lang": "Proto-Germanic",
              "lang_code": "gem-pro",
              "raw_tags": [
                "reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
              ],
              "word": "*glōraz"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Proto-Germanic",
          "lang_code": "gem-pro",
          "sense": "to glow",
          "word": "*glōaną"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "unknown",
      "lang_code": "ine-pro",
      "raw_tags": [
        "derived"
      ],
      "word": "*ǵʰlóh₁-e-ti"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "lang": "Proto-Germanic",
              "lang_code": "gem-pro",
              "raw_tags": [
                "reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
              ],
              "sense": "shining, bright",
              "word": "*gladaz"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Proto-Germanic",
              "lang_code": "gem-pro",
              "raw_tags": [
                "reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
              ],
              "sense": "shine; embers",
              "word": "*glanaz"
            },
            {
              "descendants": [
                {
                  "lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
                  "lang_code": "gmw-pro",
                  "word": "*glandī"
                }
              ],
              "lang": "Proto-Germanic",
              "lang_code": "gem-pro",
              "raw_tags": [
                "reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
              ],
              "sense": "shining, glowing",
              "word": "*glandz"
            },
            {
              "descendants": [
                {
                  "lang": "Proto-Germanic",
                  "lang_code": "gem-pro",
                  "raw_tags": [
                    "reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
                  ],
                  "word": "*glōdijaną"
                }
              ],
              "lang": "Proto-Germanic",
              "lang_code": "gem-pro",
              "raw_tags": [
                "reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
              ],
              "sense": "glow; embers",
              "word": "*glōdiz"
            },
            {
              "descendants": [
                {
                  "lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
                  "lang_code": "gmw-pro",
                  "sense": "glow; embers",
                  "word": "*glōr"
                }
              ],
              "lang": "Proto-Germanic",
              "lang_code": "gem-pro",
              "raw_tags": [
                "reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
              ],
              "word": "*glōraz"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Proto-Germanic",
          "lang_code": "gem-pro",
          "sense": "to glow",
          "word": "*glōaną"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "unknown",
      "lang_code": "ine-pro",
      "raw_tags": [
        "derived"
      ],
      "word": "*(ǵʰe-)ǵʰlóh₁-e ~ *(ǵʰe-)ǵʰl̥h₁-ḗr"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "lang": "Lithuanian",
              "lang_code": "lt",
              "sense": "twilight, half-dark",
              "word": "žlėjà"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Proto-Balto-Slavic",
          "lang_code": "ine-bsl-pro",
          "word": "*źlēˀjāˀ"
        },
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "descendants": [
                {
                  "lang": "Icelandic",
                  "lang_code": "is",
                  "word": "glær"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "Faroese",
                  "lang_code": "fo",
                  "word": "glærur"
                }
              ],
              "lang": "Old Norse",
              "lang_code": "non",
              "sense": "clear, transparent",
              "word": "glær"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Proto-Germanic",
          "lang_code": "gem-pro",
          "word": "*glējaz"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "unknown",
      "lang_code": "ine-pro",
      "raw_tags": [
        "derived"
      ],
      "word": "*ǵʰléh₁-ih₂ ~ *ǵʰl̥h₁-yéh₂-s"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "Proto-Germanic",
          "lang_code": "gem-pro",
          "sense": "twilight; moon",
          "word": "*glēmaz"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "unknown",
      "lang_code": "ine-pro",
      "raw_tags": [
        "derived"
      ],
      "word": "*ǵʰleh₁-mó-s"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "lang": "Latin",
              "lang_code": "la",
              "sense": "smooth",
              "word": "glaber"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Proto-Italic",
          "lang_code": "itc-pro",
          "raw_tags": [
            "inherited",
            "uncertain"
          ],
          "word": "*ɣlaðros"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "unknown",
      "lang_code": "ine-pro",
      "raw_tags": [
        "derived"
      ],
      "word": "*ǵʰl̥h₁-dʰ-ró-s"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "Proto-Celtic",
          "lang_code": "cel-pro",
          "sense": "clean, clear",
          "word": "*glanos"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "unknown",
      "lang_code": "ine-pro",
      "raw_tags": [
        "derived"
      ],
      "word": "*ǵʰl̥h₁-nó-s"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "Proto-Celtic",
          "lang_code": "cel-pro",
          "sense": "glowing thing; coal, charcoal",
          "word": "*glāwos"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "unknown",
      "lang_code": "ine-pro",
      "raw_tags": [
        "derived"
      ],
      "word": "*ǵʰl̥h₁-wó-s"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "Proto-Balto-Slavic",
          "lang_code": "ine-bsl-pro",
          "raw_tags": [
            "inherited",
            "uncertain"
          ],
          "sense": "smooth",
          "word": "*glā́ˀdus"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "unknown",
      "lang_code": "ine-pro",
      "raw_tags": [
        "derived"
      ],
      "word": "*ǵʰloh₁-dʰ-u-s"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*ǵʰel-",
        "3": "*-éh₁ti",
        "pos2": "fientive verb suffix",
        "t1": "to shine"
      },
      "expansion": "*ǵʰel- (“to shine”) + *-éh₁ti (fientive verb suffix)",
      "name": "suf"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Thought to be a reanalyzed root from *ǵʰel- (“to shine”) + *-éh₁ti (fientive verb suffix), whence also *ǵʰley- (“to shine”). Often mistakenly undifferentiated from *ǵʰelh₃- (“green, yellow”).",
  "lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
  "lang_code": "ine-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ǵʰleh₁-",
  "pos": "root",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "50 50",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "52 48",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "50 50",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Indo-European CReH-shaped roots",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "52 48",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "52 48",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Indo-European roots",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "52 48",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Indo-European terms suffixed with *-éh₁ti",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to shine, glow"
      ],
      "id": "en-ǵʰleh₁--ine-pro-root-PdDYBu4q",
      "links": [
        [
          "shine",
          "shine"
        ],
        [
          "glow",
          "glow"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme",
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "50 50",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "52 48",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "50 50",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Indo-European CReH-shaped roots",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "52 48",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "52 48",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Indo-European roots",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "52 48",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Indo-European terms suffixed with *-éh₁ti",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to be shining, glowing"
      ],
      "id": "en-ǵʰleh₁--ine-pro-root-ZHRNso7s",
      "links": [
        [
          "shining",
          "shining"
        ],
        [
          "glowing",
          "glowing"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme",
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "ǵʰleh₁-"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Pages with 1 entry",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Proto-Indo-European CReH-shaped roots",
    "Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
    "Proto-Indo-European lemmas",
    "Proto-Indo-European roots",
    "Proto-Indo-European terms suffixed with *-éh₁ti"
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "descendants": [
                {
                  "lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
                  "lang_code": "gmw-pro",
                  "sense": "shine, brightness",
                  "word": "*glast"
                }
              ],
              "lang": "Proto-Germanic",
              "lang_code": "gem-pro",
              "raw_tags": [
                "reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
              ],
              "word": "*glastaz"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Proto-Germanic",
              "lang_code": "gem-pro",
              "raw_tags": [
                "reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
              ],
              "sense": "to make shiny",
              "word": "*glēsijaną"
            },
            {
              "descendants": [
                {
                  "descendants": [
                    {
                      "lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
                      "lang_code": "gmw-pro",
                      "sense": "to shine, glare",
                      "word": "*glāʀōn"
                    },
                    {
                      "descendants": [
                        {
                          "lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
                          "lang_code": "gmw-pro",
                          "word": "*glāʀ"
                        }
                      ],
                      "lang": "Proto-Germanic",
                      "lang_code": "gem-pro",
                      "raw_tags": [
                        "reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
                      ],
                      "word": "*glēzą"
                    }
                  ],
                  "lang": "Proto-Germanic",
                  "lang_code": "gem-pro",
                  "raw_tags": [
                    "reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
                  ],
                  "word": "*glēzōną"
                }
              ],
              "lang": "Proto-Germanic",
              "lang_code": "gem-pro",
              "raw_tags": [
                "reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
              ],
              "word": "*glēz-"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Proto-Germanic",
          "lang_code": "gem-pro",
          "sense": "to shine",
          "word": "*glēsaną"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "unknown",
      "lang_code": "ine-pro",
      "raw_tags": [
        "derived"
      ],
      "word": "*ǵʰléh₁-se-ti"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "descendants": [
                {
                  "lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
                  "lang_code": "gmw-pro",
                  "sense": "shine, brightness",
                  "word": "*glast"
                }
              ],
              "lang": "Proto-Germanic",
              "lang_code": "gem-pro",
              "raw_tags": [
                "reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
              ],
              "word": "*glastaz"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Proto-Germanic",
              "lang_code": "gem-pro",
              "raw_tags": [
                "reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
              ],
              "sense": "to make shiny",
              "word": "*glēsijaną"
            },
            {
              "descendants": [
                {
                  "descendants": [
                    {
                      "lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
                      "lang_code": "gmw-pro",
                      "sense": "to shine, glare",
                      "word": "*glāʀōn"
                    },
                    {
                      "descendants": [
                        {
                          "lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
                          "lang_code": "gmw-pro",
                          "word": "*glāʀ"
                        }
                      ],
                      "lang": "Proto-Germanic",
                      "lang_code": "gem-pro",
                      "raw_tags": [
                        "reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
                      ],
                      "word": "*glēzą"
                    }
                  ],
                  "lang": "Proto-Germanic",
                  "lang_code": "gem-pro",
                  "raw_tags": [
                    "reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
                  ],
                  "word": "*glēzōną"
                }
              ],
              "lang": "Proto-Germanic",
              "lang_code": "gem-pro",
              "raw_tags": [
                "reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
              ],
              "word": "*glēz-"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Proto-Germanic",
          "lang_code": "gem-pro",
          "sense": "to shine",
          "word": "*glēsaną"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "unknown",
      "lang_code": "ine-pro",
      "raw_tags": [
        "derived"
      ],
      "word": "*ǵʰlḗh₁-s-t ~ *ǵʰléh₁-s-n̥t"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "lang": "Proto-Germanic",
              "lang_code": "gem-pro",
              "raw_tags": [
                "reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
              ],
              "sense": "shining, bright",
              "word": "*gladaz"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Proto-Germanic",
              "lang_code": "gem-pro",
              "raw_tags": [
                "reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
              ],
              "sense": "shine; embers",
              "word": "*glanaz"
            },
            {
              "descendants": [
                {
                  "lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
                  "lang_code": "gmw-pro",
                  "word": "*glandī"
                }
              ],
              "lang": "Proto-Germanic",
              "lang_code": "gem-pro",
              "raw_tags": [
                "reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
              ],
              "sense": "shining, glowing",
              "word": "*glandz"
            },
            {
              "descendants": [
                {
                  "lang": "Proto-Germanic",
                  "lang_code": "gem-pro",
                  "raw_tags": [
                    "reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
                  ],
                  "word": "*glōdijaną"
                }
              ],
              "lang": "Proto-Germanic",
              "lang_code": "gem-pro",
              "raw_tags": [
                "reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
              ],
              "sense": "glow; embers",
              "word": "*glōdiz"
            },
            {
              "descendants": [
                {
                  "lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
                  "lang_code": "gmw-pro",
                  "sense": "glow; embers",
                  "word": "*glōr"
                }
              ],
              "lang": "Proto-Germanic",
              "lang_code": "gem-pro",
              "raw_tags": [
                "reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
              ],
              "word": "*glōraz"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Proto-Germanic",
          "lang_code": "gem-pro",
          "sense": "to glow",
          "word": "*glōaną"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "unknown",
      "lang_code": "ine-pro",
      "raw_tags": [
        "derived"
      ],
      "word": "*ǵʰlóh₁-e-ti"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "lang": "Proto-Germanic",
              "lang_code": "gem-pro",
              "raw_tags": [
                "reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
              ],
              "sense": "shining, bright",
              "word": "*gladaz"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Proto-Germanic",
              "lang_code": "gem-pro",
              "raw_tags": [
                "reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
              ],
              "sense": "shine; embers",
              "word": "*glanaz"
            },
            {
              "descendants": [
                {
                  "lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
                  "lang_code": "gmw-pro",
                  "word": "*glandī"
                }
              ],
              "lang": "Proto-Germanic",
              "lang_code": "gem-pro",
              "raw_tags": [
                "reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
              ],
              "sense": "shining, glowing",
              "word": "*glandz"
            },
            {
              "descendants": [
                {
                  "lang": "Proto-Germanic",
                  "lang_code": "gem-pro",
                  "raw_tags": [
                    "reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
                  ],
                  "word": "*glōdijaną"
                }
              ],
              "lang": "Proto-Germanic",
              "lang_code": "gem-pro",
              "raw_tags": [
                "reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
              ],
              "sense": "glow; embers",
              "word": "*glōdiz"
            },
            {
              "descendants": [
                {
                  "lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
                  "lang_code": "gmw-pro",
                  "sense": "glow; embers",
                  "word": "*glōr"
                }
              ],
              "lang": "Proto-Germanic",
              "lang_code": "gem-pro",
              "raw_tags": [
                "reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
              ],
              "word": "*glōraz"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Proto-Germanic",
          "lang_code": "gem-pro",
          "sense": "to glow",
          "word": "*glōaną"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "unknown",
      "lang_code": "ine-pro",
      "raw_tags": [
        "derived"
      ],
      "word": "*(ǵʰe-)ǵʰlóh₁-e ~ *(ǵʰe-)ǵʰl̥h₁-ḗr"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "lang": "Lithuanian",
              "lang_code": "lt",
              "sense": "twilight, half-dark",
              "word": "žlėjà"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Proto-Balto-Slavic",
          "lang_code": "ine-bsl-pro",
          "word": "*źlēˀjāˀ"
        },
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "descendants": [
                {
                  "lang": "Icelandic",
                  "lang_code": "is",
                  "word": "glær"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "Faroese",
                  "lang_code": "fo",
                  "word": "glærur"
                }
              ],
              "lang": "Old Norse",
              "lang_code": "non",
              "sense": "clear, transparent",
              "word": "glær"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Proto-Germanic",
          "lang_code": "gem-pro",
          "word": "*glējaz"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "unknown",
      "lang_code": "ine-pro",
      "raw_tags": [
        "derived"
      ],
      "word": "*ǵʰléh₁-ih₂ ~ *ǵʰl̥h₁-yéh₂-s"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "Proto-Germanic",
          "lang_code": "gem-pro",
          "sense": "twilight; moon",
          "word": "*glēmaz"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "unknown",
      "lang_code": "ine-pro",
      "raw_tags": [
        "derived"
      ],
      "word": "*ǵʰleh₁-mó-s"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "lang": "Latin",
              "lang_code": "la",
              "sense": "smooth",
              "word": "glaber"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Proto-Italic",
          "lang_code": "itc-pro",
          "raw_tags": [
            "inherited",
            "uncertain"
          ],
          "word": "*ɣlaðros"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "unknown",
      "lang_code": "ine-pro",
      "raw_tags": [
        "derived"
      ],
      "word": "*ǵʰl̥h₁-dʰ-ró-s"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "Proto-Celtic",
          "lang_code": "cel-pro",
          "sense": "clean, clear",
          "word": "*glanos"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "unknown",
      "lang_code": "ine-pro",
      "raw_tags": [
        "derived"
      ],
      "word": "*ǵʰl̥h₁-nó-s"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "Proto-Celtic",
          "lang_code": "cel-pro",
          "sense": "glowing thing; coal, charcoal",
          "word": "*glāwos"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "unknown",
      "lang_code": "ine-pro",
      "raw_tags": [
        "derived"
      ],
      "word": "*ǵʰl̥h₁-wó-s"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "Proto-Balto-Slavic",
          "lang_code": "ine-bsl-pro",
          "raw_tags": [
            "inherited",
            "uncertain"
          ],
          "sense": "smooth",
          "word": "*glā́ˀdus"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "unknown",
      "lang_code": "ine-pro",
      "raw_tags": [
        "derived"
      ],
      "word": "*ǵʰloh₁-dʰ-u-s"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*ǵʰel-",
        "3": "*-éh₁ti",
        "pos2": "fientive verb suffix",
        "t1": "to shine"
      },
      "expansion": "*ǵʰel- (“to shine”) + *-éh₁ti (fientive verb suffix)",
      "name": "suf"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Thought to be a reanalyzed root from *ǵʰel- (“to shine”) + *-éh₁ti (fientive verb suffix), whence also *ǵʰley- (“to shine”). Often mistakenly undifferentiated from *ǵʰelh₃- (“green, yellow”).",
  "lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
  "lang_code": "ine-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ǵʰleh₁-",
  "pos": "root",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to shine, glow"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "shine",
          "shine"
        ],
        [
          "glow",
          "glow"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme",
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to be shining, glowing"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "shining",
          "shining"
        ],
        [
          "glowing",
          "glowing"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme",
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "ǵʰleh₁-"
}

Download raw JSONL data for ǵʰleh₁- meaning in Proto-Indo-European (8.3kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Indo-European dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-08-29 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-08-23 using wiktextract (ffdbfc3 and b9346a0). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.