See ǵʰleh₁- in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ǵʰléh₁-se-ti (se-present) or *ǵʰlḗh₁-s-t ~ *ǵʰléh₁-s-n̥t (s-aorist)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*glēsaną",
"t": "to shine"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *glēsaną (“to shine”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "or < *ǵʰḗl-s-t ~ *ǵʰél-s-n̥t with liquid metathesis"
},
"expansion": "(or < *ǵʰḗl-s-t ~ *ǵʰél-s-n̥t with liquid metathesis)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *glēsaną (“to shine”) (or < *ǵʰḗl-s-t ~ *ǵʰél-s-n̥t with liquid metathesis)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*glastaz",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Proto-Germanic: *glastaz",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Proto-Germanic: *glastaz"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*glast",
"t": "shine, brightness"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *glast (“shine, brightness”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *glast (“shine, brightness”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*glēsijaną",
"der": "1",
"t": "to make shiny"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Proto-Germanic: *glēsijaną (“to make shiny”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Proto-Germanic: *glēsijaną (“to make shiny”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*glēz-",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Proto-Germanic: *glēz-",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "shining"
},
"expansion": "“shining”",
"name": "m-g"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "shine"
},
"expansion": "“shine”",
"name": "m-g"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Proto-Germanic: *glēz- (“shining” or “shine”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*glēzōną",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Proto-Germanic: *glēzōną",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "+ *-ōną"
},
"expansion": "(+ *-ōną)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Proto-Germanic: *glēzōną (+ *-ōną)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*glāʀōn",
"t": "to shine, glare"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *glāʀōn (“to shine, glare”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *glāʀōn (“to shine, glare”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*glēzą",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Proto-Germanic: *glēzą",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Proto-Germanic: *glēzą"
},
{
"depth": 6,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*glāʀ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *glāʀ",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *glāʀ (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ǵʰlóh₁-e-ti (o-grade intensive) or *(ǵʰe-)ǵʰlóh₁-e ~ *(ǵʰe-)ǵʰl̥h₁-ḗr ((reduplicated) stative)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*glōaną",
"t": "to glow"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *glōaną (“to glow”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *glōaną (“to glow”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*gladaz",
"der": "1",
"t": "shining, bright"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Proto-Germanic: *gladaz (“shining, bright”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "< pre-Gmc. *gʰlə-tó-s (quasi-PIE *ǵʰlh̥₁-tó-s)"
},
"expansion": "(< pre-Gmc. *gʰlə-tó-s (quasi-PIE *ǵʰlh̥₁-tó-s))",
"name": "q"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Proto-Germanic: *gladaz (“shining, bright”) (< pre-Gmc. *gʰlə-tó-s (quasi-PIE *ǵʰlh̥₁-tó-s)) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*glanaz",
"der": "1",
"t": "shine; embers"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Proto-Germanic: *glanaz (“shine; embers”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Proto-Germanic: *glanaz (“shine; embers”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*glandz",
"der": "1",
"pos": "pres.ptc.",
"t": "shining, glowing"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Proto-Germanic: *glandz (“shining, glowing”, pres.ptc.)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "< pre-Gmc. *gʰl-ónt-s (quasi-PIE *ǵʰlh₁-ónt-s)"
},
"expansion": "(< pre-Gmc. *gʰl-ónt-s (quasi-PIE *ǵʰlh₁-ónt-s))",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Proto-Germanic: *glandz (“shining, glowing”, pres.ptc.) (< pre-Gmc. *gʰl-ónt-s (quasi-PIE *ǵʰlh₁-ónt-s))"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*glandī"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *glandī",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *glandī (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*glōdiz",
"der": "1",
"t": "glow; embers"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Proto-Germanic: *glōdiz (“glow; embers”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Proto-Germanic: *glōdiz (“glow; embers”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*glōdijaną",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Proto-Germanic: *glōdijaną",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Proto-Germanic: *glōdijaną (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*glōraz",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Proto-Germanic: *glōraz",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "+ *-raz"
},
"expansion": "(+ *-raz)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Proto-Germanic: *glōraz (+ *-raz)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*glōr",
"t": "glow; embers"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *glōr (“glow; embers”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *glōr (“glow; embers”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ǵʰléh₁-ih₂ ~ *ǵʰl̥h₁-yéh₂-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*źlēˀjāˀ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *źlēˀjāˀ",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *źlēˀjāˀ"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "žlėjà",
"t": "twilight, half-dark"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian: žlėjà (“twilight, half-dark”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lithuanian: žlėjà (“twilight, half-dark”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*glējaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *glējaz",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *glējaz"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "glær",
"t": "clear, transparent"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: glær (“clear, transparent”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "or < *glaiwiz < *ǵʰloy-w-i-s"
},
"expansion": "(or < *glaiwiz < *ǵʰloy-w-i-s)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: glær (“clear, transparent”) (or < *glaiwiz < *ǵʰloy-w-i-s)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "glær"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic: glær",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Icelandic: glær"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fo",
"2": "glærur"
},
"expansion": "Faroese: glærur",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Faroese: glærur"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ǵʰleh₁-mó-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*glēmaz",
"t": "twilight; moon"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *glēmaz (“twilight; moon”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *glēmaz (“twilight; moon”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ǵʰl̥h₁-dʰ-ró-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"alt": "*ɣlaðros",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Proto-Italic: *ɣlaðros",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "perhaps via *CRHTC > Lat. CRăTC"
},
"expansion": "(perhaps via *CRHTC > Lat. CRăTC)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": ">? Proto-Italic: *ɣlaðros (perhaps via *CRHTC > Lat. CRăTC)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "glaber",
"t": "smooth"
},
"expansion": "Latin: glaber (“smooth”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: glaber (“smooth”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ǵʰl̥h₁-nó-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*glanos",
"t": "clean, clear"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic: *glanos (“clean, clear”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "< *glānos via Dybo's law",
"2": "or < *ǵʰl̥-nó-s"
},
"expansion": "(< *glānos via Dybo's law, or < *ǵʰl̥-nó-s)",
"name": "q"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Celtic: *glanos (“clean, clear”) (< *glānos via Dybo's law, or < *ǵʰl̥-nó-s) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ǵʰl̥h₁-wó-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*glāwos",
"t": "glowing thing; coal, charcoal"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic: *glāwos (“glowing thing; coal, charcoal”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Celtic: *glāwos (“glowing thing; coal, charcoal”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ǵʰloh₁-dʰ-u-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*glā́ˀdus",
"t": "smooth",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Proto-Balto-Slavic: *glā́ˀdus (“smooth”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "unexpected depalatalization; alternatively ⇐ *gʰleh₂dʰ-"
},
"expansion": "(unexpected depalatalization; alternatively ⇐ *gʰleh₂dʰ-)",
"name": "q"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": ">? Proto-Balto-Slavic: *glā́ˀdus (“smooth”) (unexpected depalatalization; alternatively ⇐ *gʰleh₂dʰ-) (see there for further descendants)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*ǵʰel-",
"3": "*-éh₁ti",
"pos2": "fientive verb suffix",
"t1": "to shine"
},
"expansion": "*ǵʰel- (“to shine”) + *-éh₁ti (fientive verb suffix)",
"name": "suf"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Thought to be a reanalyzed root from *ǵʰel- (“to shine”) + *-éh₁ti (fientive verb suffix), whence also *ǵʰley- (“to shine”). Often mistakenly undifferentiated from *ǵʰelh₃- (“green, yellow”).",
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ǵʰleh₁-",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "52 48",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European CReH-shaped roots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "52 48",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "52 48",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European roots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "52 48",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European terms suffixed with *-éh₁ti",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to shine, glow"
],
"id": "en-ǵʰleh₁--ine-pro-root-PdDYBu4q",
"links": [
[
"shine",
"shine"
],
[
"glow",
"glow"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "52 48",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European CReH-shaped roots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "52 48",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "52 48",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European roots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "52 48",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European terms suffixed with *-éh₁ti",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to be shining, glowing"
],
"id": "en-ǵʰleh₁--ine-pro-root-ZHRNso7s",
"links": [
[
"shining",
"shining"
],
[
"glowing",
"glowing"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
],
"word": "ǵʰleh₁-"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Indo-European CReH-shaped roots",
"Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Indo-European lemmas",
"Proto-Indo-European roots",
"Proto-Indo-European terms suffixed with *-éh₁ti"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ǵʰléh₁-se-ti (se-present) or *ǵʰlḗh₁-s-t ~ *ǵʰléh₁-s-n̥t (s-aorist)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*glēsaną",
"t": "to shine"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *glēsaną (“to shine”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "or < *ǵʰḗl-s-t ~ *ǵʰél-s-n̥t with liquid metathesis"
},
"expansion": "(or < *ǵʰḗl-s-t ~ *ǵʰél-s-n̥t with liquid metathesis)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *glēsaną (“to shine”) (or < *ǵʰḗl-s-t ~ *ǵʰél-s-n̥t with liquid metathesis)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*glastaz",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Proto-Germanic: *glastaz",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Proto-Germanic: *glastaz"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*glast",
"t": "shine, brightness"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *glast (“shine, brightness”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *glast (“shine, brightness”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*glēsijaną",
"der": "1",
"t": "to make shiny"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Proto-Germanic: *glēsijaną (“to make shiny”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Proto-Germanic: *glēsijaną (“to make shiny”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*glēz-",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Proto-Germanic: *glēz-",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "shining"
},
"expansion": "“shining”",
"name": "m-g"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "shine"
},
"expansion": "“shine”",
"name": "m-g"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Proto-Germanic: *glēz- (“shining” or “shine”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*glēzōną",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Proto-Germanic: *glēzōną",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "+ *-ōną"
},
"expansion": "(+ *-ōną)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Proto-Germanic: *glēzōną (+ *-ōną)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*glāʀōn",
"t": "to shine, glare"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *glāʀōn (“to shine, glare”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *glāʀōn (“to shine, glare”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*glēzą",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Proto-Germanic: *glēzą",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Proto-Germanic: *glēzą"
},
{
"depth": 6,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*glāʀ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *glāʀ",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *glāʀ (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ǵʰlóh₁-e-ti (o-grade intensive) or *(ǵʰe-)ǵʰlóh₁-e ~ *(ǵʰe-)ǵʰl̥h₁-ḗr ((reduplicated) stative)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*glōaną",
"t": "to glow"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *glōaną (“to glow”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *glōaną (“to glow”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*gladaz",
"der": "1",
"t": "shining, bright"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Proto-Germanic: *gladaz (“shining, bright”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "< pre-Gmc. *gʰlə-tó-s (quasi-PIE *ǵʰlh̥₁-tó-s)"
},
"expansion": "(< pre-Gmc. *gʰlə-tó-s (quasi-PIE *ǵʰlh̥₁-tó-s))",
"name": "q"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Proto-Germanic: *gladaz (“shining, bright”) (< pre-Gmc. *gʰlə-tó-s (quasi-PIE *ǵʰlh̥₁-tó-s)) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*glanaz",
"der": "1",
"t": "shine; embers"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Proto-Germanic: *glanaz (“shine; embers”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Proto-Germanic: *glanaz (“shine; embers”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*glandz",
"der": "1",
"pos": "pres.ptc.",
"t": "shining, glowing"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Proto-Germanic: *glandz (“shining, glowing”, pres.ptc.)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "< pre-Gmc. *gʰl-ónt-s (quasi-PIE *ǵʰlh₁-ónt-s)"
},
"expansion": "(< pre-Gmc. *gʰl-ónt-s (quasi-PIE *ǵʰlh₁-ónt-s))",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Proto-Germanic: *glandz (“shining, glowing”, pres.ptc.) (< pre-Gmc. *gʰl-ónt-s (quasi-PIE *ǵʰlh₁-ónt-s))"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*glandī"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *glandī",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *glandī (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*glōdiz",
"der": "1",
"t": "glow; embers"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Proto-Germanic: *glōdiz (“glow; embers”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Proto-Germanic: *glōdiz (“glow; embers”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*glōdijaną",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Proto-Germanic: *glōdijaną",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Proto-Germanic: *glōdijaną (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*glōraz",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Proto-Germanic: *glōraz",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "+ *-raz"
},
"expansion": "(+ *-raz)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Proto-Germanic: *glōraz (+ *-raz)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*glōr",
"t": "glow; embers"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *glōr (“glow; embers”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *glōr (“glow; embers”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ǵʰléh₁-ih₂ ~ *ǵʰl̥h₁-yéh₂-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*źlēˀjāˀ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *źlēˀjāˀ",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *źlēˀjāˀ"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "žlėjà",
"t": "twilight, half-dark"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian: žlėjà (“twilight, half-dark”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lithuanian: žlėjà (“twilight, half-dark”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*glējaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *glējaz",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *glējaz"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "glær",
"t": "clear, transparent"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: glær (“clear, transparent”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "or < *glaiwiz < *ǵʰloy-w-i-s"
},
"expansion": "(or < *glaiwiz < *ǵʰloy-w-i-s)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: glær (“clear, transparent”) (or < *glaiwiz < *ǵʰloy-w-i-s)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "glær"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic: glær",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Icelandic: glær"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fo",
"2": "glærur"
},
"expansion": "Faroese: glærur",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Faroese: glærur"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ǵʰleh₁-mó-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*glēmaz",
"t": "twilight; moon"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *glēmaz (“twilight; moon”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *glēmaz (“twilight; moon”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ǵʰl̥h₁-dʰ-ró-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"alt": "*ɣlaðros",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Proto-Italic: *ɣlaðros",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "perhaps via *CRHTC > Lat. CRăTC"
},
"expansion": "(perhaps via *CRHTC > Lat. CRăTC)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": ">? Proto-Italic: *ɣlaðros (perhaps via *CRHTC > Lat. CRăTC)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "glaber",
"t": "smooth"
},
"expansion": "Latin: glaber (“smooth”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: glaber (“smooth”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ǵʰl̥h₁-nó-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*glanos",
"t": "clean, clear"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic: *glanos (“clean, clear”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "< *glānos via Dybo's law",
"2": "or < *ǵʰl̥-nó-s"
},
"expansion": "(< *glānos via Dybo's law, or < *ǵʰl̥-nó-s)",
"name": "q"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Celtic: *glanos (“clean, clear”) (< *glānos via Dybo's law, or < *ǵʰl̥-nó-s) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ǵʰl̥h₁-wó-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*glāwos",
"t": "glowing thing; coal, charcoal"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic: *glāwos (“glowing thing; coal, charcoal”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Celtic: *glāwos (“glowing thing; coal, charcoal”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ǵʰloh₁-dʰ-u-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*glā́ˀdus",
"t": "smooth",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Proto-Balto-Slavic: *glā́ˀdus (“smooth”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "unexpected depalatalization; alternatively ⇐ *gʰleh₂dʰ-"
},
"expansion": "(unexpected depalatalization; alternatively ⇐ *gʰleh₂dʰ-)",
"name": "q"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": ">? Proto-Balto-Slavic: *glā́ˀdus (“smooth”) (unexpected depalatalization; alternatively ⇐ *gʰleh₂dʰ-) (see there for further descendants)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*ǵʰel-",
"3": "*-éh₁ti",
"pos2": "fientive verb suffix",
"t1": "to shine"
},
"expansion": "*ǵʰel- (“to shine”) + *-éh₁ti (fientive verb suffix)",
"name": "suf"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Thought to be a reanalyzed root from *ǵʰel- (“to shine”) + *-éh₁ti (fientive verb suffix), whence also *ǵʰley- (“to shine”). Often mistakenly undifferentiated from *ǵʰelh₃- (“green, yellow”).",
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ǵʰleh₁-",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to shine, glow"
],
"links": [
[
"shine",
"shine"
],
[
"glow",
"glow"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to be shining, glowing"
],
"links": [
[
"shining",
"shining"
],
[
"glowing",
"glowing"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
],
"word": "ǵʰleh₁-"
}
Download raw JSONL data for ǵʰleh₁- meaning in Proto-Indo-European (11.7kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Indo-European dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-08-04 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-08-02 using wiktextract (a681f8a and 3c020d2). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.