"wraiþaz" meaning in Proto-Germanic

See wraiþaz in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Adjective

IPA: /ˈwrɑi̯.θɑz/
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *wreyt- (“to turn, twist”). Etymology templates: {{root|gem-pro|ine-pro|*wreyt-}}, {{der|gem-pro|ine-pro|*wreyt-||to turn, twist}} Proto-Indo-European *wreyt- (“to turn, twist”) Inflection templates: {{gem-decl-adj-a|wraiþ}}, {{gem-decl-adj-table2|*wraiþaz|*wraiþanǭ|*wraiþas, -is|*wraiþammai|*wraiþanō|*wraiþai|*wraiþanz|*wraiþaizǫ̂|*wraiþaimaz|*wraiþaimiz|*wraiþō|*wraiþǭ|*wraiþaizōz|*wraiþaizōi|*wraiþaizō|*wraiþôz|*wraiþōz|*wraiþaizǫ̂|*wraiþaimaz|*wraiþaimiz|*wraiþą, -atō|*wraiþą, -atō|*wraiþas, -is|*wraiþammai|*wraiþanō|*wraiþō|*wraiþō|*wraiþaizǫ̂|*wraiþaimaz|*wraiþaimiz|*wraiþô|*wraiþanų|*wraiþiniz|*wraiþini|*wraiþinē|*wraiþaniz|*wraiþanunz|*wraiþanǫ̂|*wraiþammaz|*wraiþammiz|*wraiþǭ|*wraiþōnų|*wraiþōniz|*wraiþōni|*wraiþōnē|*wraiþōniz|*wraiþōnunz|*wraiþōnǫ̂|*wraiþōmaz|*wraiþōmiz|*wraiþô|*wraiþô|*wraiþiniz|*wraiþini|*wraiþinē|*wraiþōnō|*wraiþōnō|*wraiþanǫ̂|*wraiþammaz|*wraiþammiz|title=*wraiþaz (a-stem)}} Forms: no-table-tags [table-tags], wraiþaz [masculine, nominative, singular, strong], wraiþai [masculine, nominative, plural, strong], wraiþō [feminine, nominative, singular, strong], wraiþôz [feminine, nominative, plural, strong], wraiþą [neuter, nominative, singular, strong], -atō [neuter, nominative, singular, strong], wraiþō [neuter, nominative, plural, strong], wraiþanǭ [accusative, masculine, singular, strong], wraiþanz [accusative, masculine, plural, strong], wraiþǭ [accusative, feminine, singular, strong], wraiþōz [accusative, feminine, plural, strong], wraiþą [accusative, neuter, singular, strong], -atō [accusative, neuter, singular, strong], wraiþō [accusative, neuter, plural, strong], wraiþas [genitive, masculine, singular, strong], -is [genitive, masculine, singular, strong], wraiþaizǫ̂ [genitive, masculine, plural, strong], wraiþaizōz [feminine, genitive, singular, strong], wraiþaizǫ̂ [feminine, genitive, plural, strong], wraiþas [genitive, neuter, singular, strong], -is [genitive, neuter, singular, strong], wraiþaizǫ̂ [genitive, neuter, plural, strong], wraiþammai [dative, masculine, singular, strong], wraiþaimaz [dative, masculine, plural, strong], wraiþaizōi [dative, feminine, singular, strong], wraiþaimaz [dative, feminine, plural, strong], wraiþammai [dative, neuter, singular, strong], wraiþaimaz [dative, neuter, plural, strong], wraiþanō [instrumental, masculine, singular, strong], wraiþaimiz [instrumental, masculine, plural, strong], wraiþaizō [feminine, instrumental, singular, strong], wraiþaimiz [feminine, instrumental, plural, strong], wraiþanō [instrumental, neuter, singular, strong], wraiþaimiz [instrumental, neuter, plural, strong], wraiþô [masculine, nominative, singular, weak], wraiþaniz [masculine, nominative, plural, weak], wraiþǭ [feminine, nominative, singular, weak], wraiþōniz [feminine, nominative, plural, weak], wraiþô [neuter, nominative, singular, weak], wraiþōnō [neuter, nominative, plural, weak], wraiþanų [accusative, masculine, singular, weak], wraiþanunz [accusative, masculine, plural, weak], wraiþōnų [accusative, feminine, singular, weak], wraiþōnunz [accusative, feminine, plural, weak], wraiþô [accusative, neuter, singular, weak], wraiþōnō [accusative, neuter, plural, weak], wraiþiniz [genitive, masculine, singular, weak], wraiþanǫ̂ [genitive, masculine, plural, weak], wraiþōniz [feminine, genitive, singular, weak], wraiþōnǫ̂ [feminine, genitive, plural, weak], wraiþiniz [genitive, neuter, singular, weak], wraiþanǫ̂ [genitive, neuter, plural, weak], wraiþini [dative, masculine, singular, weak], wraiþammaz [dative, masculine, plural, weak], wraiþōni [dative, feminine, singular, weak], wraiþōmaz [dative, feminine, plural, weak], wraiþini [dative, neuter, singular, weak], wraiþammaz [dative, neuter, plural, weak], wraiþinē [instrumental, masculine, singular, weak], wraiþammiz [instrumental, masculine, plural, weak], wraiþōnē [feminine, instrumental, singular, weak], wraiþōmiz [feminine, instrumental, plural, weak], wraiþinē [instrumental, neuter, singular, weak], wraiþammiz [instrumental, neuter, plural, weak]
  1. twisted, curled, bent, wry, uneven Tags: reconstruction
    Sense id: en-wraiþaz-gem-pro-adj-0sV8HuB8
  2. angry, furious, wroth Tags: reconstruction
    Sense id: en-wraiþaz-gem-pro-adj-nNsg0XJM
  3. hostile, violent Tags: reconstruction
    Sense id: en-wraiþaz-gem-pro-adj-og3akvYn Categories (other): Pages with 1 entry, Pages with entries, Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of Pages with 1 entry: 35 0 65 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 18 0 82 Disambiguation of Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header: 12 3 85
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Derived forms: wraiþį̄, wraiþijaną Related terms: wrīþaną
{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "wraiþį̄"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "wraiþijaną"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gmw-pro",
            "2": "*wraiþ"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *wraiþ\nOld English: wrāþ\nMiddle English: wrath, wroth\nEnglish: wrath, wroth\nScots: wraith\nOld Frisian: wrēth\nSaterland Frisian: wreed\nWest Frisian: wreed\nOld Saxon: wrēth\nMiddle Low German: wrêt\nGerman Low German: wreed, wreet\nOld Dutch: *wrēth\nMiddle Dutch: wreet\nDutch: wreed\nAfrikaans: wreed\nOld High German: reid, (Central Franconian) wrēde\nMiddle High German: reit\nAlemannic German: reid\nCentral Franconian: fried",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-West Germanic: *wraiþ\nOld English: wrāþ\nMiddle English: wrath, wroth\nEnglish: wrath, wroth\nScots: wraith\nOld Frisian: wrēth\nSaterland Frisian: wreed\nWest Frisian: wreed\nOld Saxon: wrēth\nMiddle Low German: wrêt\nGerman Low German: wreed, wreet\nOld Dutch: *wrēth\nMiddle Dutch: wreet\nDutch: wreed\nAfrikaans: wreed\nOld High German: reid, (Central Franconian) wrēde\nMiddle High German: reit\nAlemannic German: reid\nCentral Franconian: fried"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "non",
            "2": "-"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Norse:",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Norse:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "non-own",
            "2": "reiðr"
          },
          "expansion": "Old West Norse: reiðr, vreiðr — older form, Old East Norse\nIcelandic: reiður\nFaroese: vreiður, reiður\nNorwegian Nynorsk: reid",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old West Norse: reiðr, vreiðr — older form, Old East Norse\nIcelandic: reiður\nFaroese: vreiður, reiður\nNorwegian Nynorsk: reid"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "non-oen",
            "2": "vreiðr"
          },
          "expansion": "Old East Norse: vreiðr, reiðr — Old West Norse\nOld Swedish: vrēþer\nSwedish: vred\nOld Danish: wredher, wredh\nDanish: vred\nNorwegian Bokmål: vred\n→ Russenorsk: vred\nNorwegian Nynorsk: vreid",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old East Norse: vreiðr, reiðr — Old West Norse\nOld Swedish: vrēþer\nSwedish: vred\nOld Danish: wredher, wredh\nDanish: vred\nNorwegian Bokmål: vred\n→ Russenorsk: vred\nNorwegian Nynorsk: vreid"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*wreyt-"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*wreyt-",
        "4": "",
        "5": "to turn, twist"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *wreyt- (“to turn, twist”)",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *wreyt- (“to turn, twist”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gem-decl-adj-a",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "a-stem",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wraiþaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wraiþai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wraiþō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wraiþôz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wraiþą",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-atō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wraiþō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wraiþanǭ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wraiþanz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wraiþǭ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wraiþōz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wraiþą",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-atō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wraiþō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wraiþas",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-is",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wraiþaizǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wraiþaizōz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wraiþaizǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wraiþas",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-is",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wraiþaizǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wraiþammai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wraiþaimaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wraiþaizōi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wraiþaimaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wraiþammai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wraiþaimaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wraiþanō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wraiþaimiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wraiþaizō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wraiþaimiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wraiþanō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wraiþaimiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wraiþô",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wraiþaniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wraiþǭ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wraiþōniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wraiþô",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wraiþōnō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wraiþanų",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wraiþanunz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wraiþōnų",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wraiþōnunz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wraiþô",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wraiþōnō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wraiþiniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wraiþanǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wraiþōniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wraiþōnǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wraiþiniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wraiþanǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wraiþini",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wraiþammaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wraiþōni",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wraiþōmaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wraiþini",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wraiþammaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wraiþinē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wraiþammiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wraiþōnē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wraiþōmiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wraiþinē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wraiþammiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "wraiþ"
      },
      "name": "gem-decl-adj-a"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "*wraiþaz",
        "10": "*wraiþaimiz",
        "11": "*wraiþō",
        "12": "*wraiþǭ",
        "13": "*wraiþaizōz",
        "14": "*wraiþaizōi",
        "15": "*wraiþaizō",
        "16": "*wraiþôz",
        "17": "*wraiþōz",
        "18": "*wraiþaizǫ̂",
        "19": "*wraiþaimaz",
        "2": "*wraiþanǭ",
        "20": "*wraiþaimiz",
        "21": "*wraiþą, -atō",
        "22": "*wraiþą, -atō",
        "23": "*wraiþas, -is",
        "24": "*wraiþammai",
        "25": "*wraiþanō",
        "26": "*wraiþō",
        "27": "*wraiþō",
        "28": "*wraiþaizǫ̂",
        "29": "*wraiþaimaz",
        "3": "*wraiþas, -is",
        "30": "*wraiþaimiz",
        "31": "*wraiþô",
        "32": "*wraiþanų",
        "33": "*wraiþiniz",
        "34": "*wraiþini",
        "35": "*wraiþinē",
        "36": "*wraiþaniz",
        "37": "*wraiþanunz",
        "38": "*wraiþanǫ̂",
        "39": "*wraiþammaz",
        "4": "*wraiþammai",
        "40": "*wraiþammiz",
        "41": "*wraiþǭ",
        "42": "*wraiþōnų",
        "43": "*wraiþōniz",
        "44": "*wraiþōni",
        "45": "*wraiþōnē",
        "46": "*wraiþōniz",
        "47": "*wraiþōnunz",
        "48": "*wraiþōnǫ̂",
        "49": "*wraiþōmaz",
        "5": "*wraiþanō",
        "50": "*wraiþōmiz",
        "51": "*wraiþô",
        "52": "*wraiþô",
        "53": "*wraiþiniz",
        "54": "*wraiþini",
        "55": "*wraiþinē",
        "56": "*wraiþōnō",
        "57": "*wraiþōnō",
        "58": "*wraiþanǫ̂",
        "59": "*wraiþammaz",
        "6": "*wraiþai",
        "60": "*wraiþammiz",
        "7": "*wraiþanz",
        "8": "*wraiþaizǫ̂",
        "9": "*wraiþaimaz",
        "title": "*wraiþaz (a-stem)"
      },
      "name": "gem-decl-adj-table2"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Germanic",
  "lang_code": "gem-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/wraiþaz",
  "pos": "adj",
  "related": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "wrīþaną"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "twisted, curled, bent, wry, uneven"
      ],
      "id": "en-wraiþaz-gem-pro-adj-0sV8HuB8",
      "links": [
        [
          "twisted",
          "twisted"
        ],
        [
          "curled",
          "curled"
        ],
        [
          "bent",
          "bent"
        ],
        [
          "wry",
          "wry"
        ],
        [
          "uneven",
          "uneven"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "angry, furious, wroth"
      ],
      "id": "en-wraiþaz-gem-pro-adj-nNsg0XJM",
      "links": [
        [
          "angry",
          "angry"
        ],
        [
          "furious",
          "furious"
        ],
        [
          "wroth",
          "wroth"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "35 0 65",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "18 0 82",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "12 3 85",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "hostile, violent"
      ],
      "id": "en-wraiþaz-gem-pro-adj-og3akvYn",
      "links": [
        [
          "hostile",
          "hostile"
        ],
        [
          "violent",
          "violent"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈwrɑi̯.θɑz/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "wraiþaz"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Pages with 1 entry",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Proto-Germanic a-stem adjectives",
    "Proto-Germanic adjectives",
    "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
    "Proto-Germanic lemmas",
    "Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Proto-Germanic terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *wreyt-"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "wraiþį̄"
    },
    {
      "word": "wraiþijaną"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gmw-pro",
            "2": "*wraiþ"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *wraiþ\nOld English: wrāþ\nMiddle English: wrath, wroth\nEnglish: wrath, wroth\nScots: wraith\nOld Frisian: wrēth\nSaterland Frisian: wreed\nWest Frisian: wreed\nOld Saxon: wrēth\nMiddle Low German: wrêt\nGerman Low German: wreed, wreet\nOld Dutch: *wrēth\nMiddle Dutch: wreet\nDutch: wreed\nAfrikaans: wreed\nOld High German: reid, (Central Franconian) wrēde\nMiddle High German: reit\nAlemannic German: reid\nCentral Franconian: fried",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-West Germanic: *wraiþ\nOld English: wrāþ\nMiddle English: wrath, wroth\nEnglish: wrath, wroth\nScots: wraith\nOld Frisian: wrēth\nSaterland Frisian: wreed\nWest Frisian: wreed\nOld Saxon: wrēth\nMiddle Low German: wrêt\nGerman Low German: wreed, wreet\nOld Dutch: *wrēth\nMiddle Dutch: wreet\nDutch: wreed\nAfrikaans: wreed\nOld High German: reid, (Central Franconian) wrēde\nMiddle High German: reit\nAlemannic German: reid\nCentral Franconian: fried"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "non",
            "2": "-"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Norse:",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Norse:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "non-own",
            "2": "reiðr"
          },
          "expansion": "Old West Norse: reiðr, vreiðr — older form, Old East Norse\nIcelandic: reiður\nFaroese: vreiður, reiður\nNorwegian Nynorsk: reid",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old West Norse: reiðr, vreiðr — older form, Old East Norse\nIcelandic: reiður\nFaroese: vreiður, reiður\nNorwegian Nynorsk: reid"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "non-oen",
            "2": "vreiðr"
          },
          "expansion": "Old East Norse: vreiðr, reiðr — Old West Norse\nOld Swedish: vrēþer\nSwedish: vred\nOld Danish: wredher, wredh\nDanish: vred\nNorwegian Bokmål: vred\n→ Russenorsk: vred\nNorwegian Nynorsk: vreid",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old East Norse: vreiðr, reiðr — Old West Norse\nOld Swedish: vrēþer\nSwedish: vred\nOld Danish: wredher, wredh\nDanish: vred\nNorwegian Bokmål: vred\n→ Russenorsk: vred\nNorwegian Nynorsk: vreid"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*wreyt-"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*wreyt-",
        "4": "",
        "5": "to turn, twist"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *wreyt- (“to turn, twist”)",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *wreyt- (“to turn, twist”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gem-decl-adj-a",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "a-stem",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wraiþaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wraiþai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wraiþō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wraiþôz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wraiþą",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-atō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wraiþō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wraiþanǭ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wraiþanz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wraiþǭ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wraiþōz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wraiþą",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-atō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wraiþō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wraiþas",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-is",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wraiþaizǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wraiþaizōz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wraiþaizǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wraiþas",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-is",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wraiþaizǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wraiþammai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wraiþaimaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wraiþaizōi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wraiþaimaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wraiþammai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wraiþaimaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wraiþanō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wraiþaimiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wraiþaizō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wraiþaimiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wraiþanō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wraiþaimiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wraiþô",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wraiþaniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wraiþǭ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wraiþōniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wraiþô",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wraiþōnō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wraiþanų",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wraiþanunz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wraiþōnų",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wraiþōnunz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wraiþô",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wraiþōnō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wraiþiniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wraiþanǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wraiþōniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wraiþōnǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wraiþiniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wraiþanǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wraiþini",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wraiþammaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wraiþōni",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wraiþōmaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wraiþini",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wraiþammaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wraiþinē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wraiþammiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wraiþōnē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wraiþōmiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wraiþinē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wraiþammiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "wraiþ"
      },
      "name": "gem-decl-adj-a"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "*wraiþaz",
        "10": "*wraiþaimiz",
        "11": "*wraiþō",
        "12": "*wraiþǭ",
        "13": "*wraiþaizōz",
        "14": "*wraiþaizōi",
        "15": "*wraiþaizō",
        "16": "*wraiþôz",
        "17": "*wraiþōz",
        "18": "*wraiþaizǫ̂",
        "19": "*wraiþaimaz",
        "2": "*wraiþanǭ",
        "20": "*wraiþaimiz",
        "21": "*wraiþą, -atō",
        "22": "*wraiþą, -atō",
        "23": "*wraiþas, -is",
        "24": "*wraiþammai",
        "25": "*wraiþanō",
        "26": "*wraiþō",
        "27": "*wraiþō",
        "28": "*wraiþaizǫ̂",
        "29": "*wraiþaimaz",
        "3": "*wraiþas, -is",
        "30": "*wraiþaimiz",
        "31": "*wraiþô",
        "32": "*wraiþanų",
        "33": "*wraiþiniz",
        "34": "*wraiþini",
        "35": "*wraiþinē",
        "36": "*wraiþaniz",
        "37": "*wraiþanunz",
        "38": "*wraiþanǫ̂",
        "39": "*wraiþammaz",
        "4": "*wraiþammai",
        "40": "*wraiþammiz",
        "41": "*wraiþǭ",
        "42": "*wraiþōnų",
        "43": "*wraiþōniz",
        "44": "*wraiþōni",
        "45": "*wraiþōnē",
        "46": "*wraiþōniz",
        "47": "*wraiþōnunz",
        "48": "*wraiþōnǫ̂",
        "49": "*wraiþōmaz",
        "5": "*wraiþanō",
        "50": "*wraiþōmiz",
        "51": "*wraiþô",
        "52": "*wraiþô",
        "53": "*wraiþiniz",
        "54": "*wraiþini",
        "55": "*wraiþinē",
        "56": "*wraiþōnō",
        "57": "*wraiþōnō",
        "58": "*wraiþanǫ̂",
        "59": "*wraiþammaz",
        "6": "*wraiþai",
        "60": "*wraiþammiz",
        "7": "*wraiþanz",
        "8": "*wraiþaizǫ̂",
        "9": "*wraiþaimaz",
        "title": "*wraiþaz (a-stem)"
      },
      "name": "gem-decl-adj-table2"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Germanic",
  "lang_code": "gem-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/wraiþaz",
  "pos": "adj",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "wrīþaną"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "twisted, curled, bent, wry, uneven"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "twisted",
          "twisted"
        ],
        [
          "curled",
          "curled"
        ],
        [
          "bent",
          "bent"
        ],
        [
          "wry",
          "wry"
        ],
        [
          "uneven",
          "uneven"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "angry, furious, wroth"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "angry",
          "angry"
        ],
        [
          "furious",
          "furious"
        ],
        [
          "wroth",
          "wroth"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "hostile, violent"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "hostile",
          "hostile"
        ],
        [
          "violent",
          "violent"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈwrɑi̯.θɑz/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "wraiþaz"
}

Download raw JSONL data for wraiþaz meaning in Proto-Germanic (11.6kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.