See walhaz in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*walh"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *walh\nOld English: wealh\nMiddle English: wælh, wale\n→ English: wealh (learned)\n→ Medieval Latin: wallus\n⇒ Old English: Cornwēalas (“Cornwall”)\nMiddle English: Cornwale, Cornwaile\nEnglish: Cornwall\n⇒ Old English: Wēalas (“Wales”) (see there for further descendants)\nOld Dutch: *Wala, *Wale\nMiddle Dutch: wāle\nDutch: Waal\nOld High German: walh, walah\nMiddle High German: walch\nGerman: Walchen pl, Walen pl (in placenames)\n→ Vulgar Latin: *Wallō\nWalloon: walon, Walon\n→ French: wallon, Wallon\n→ English: Walloon\n→? Proto-Slavic: *volxъ\n→ English: Vlach, Wallachia",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *walh\nOld English: wealh\nMiddle English: wælh, wale\n→ English: wealh (learned)\n→ Medieval Latin: wallus\n⇒ Old English: Cornwēalas (“Cornwall”)\nMiddle English: Cornwale, Cornwaile\nEnglish: Cornwall\n⇒ Old English: Wēalas (“Wales”) (see there for further descendants)\nOld Dutch: *Wala, *Wale\nMiddle Dutch: wāle\nDutch: Waal\nOld High German: walh, walah\nMiddle High German: walch\nGerman: Walchen pl, Walen pl (in placenames)\n→ Vulgar Latin: *Wallō\nWalloon: walon, Walon\n→ French: wallon, Wallon\n→ English: Walloon\n→? Proto-Slavic: *volxъ\n→ English: Vlach, Wallachia"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-pro",
"2": "*ᚹᚨᛚᚺᚨᛉ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Norse: *ᚹᚨᛚᚺᚨᛉ (*walhaʀ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Norse: *ᚹᚨᛚᚺᚨᛉ (*walhaʀ)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "valr",
"3": "valir",
"g1": "s",
"g2": "p"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: valr sg, valir pl",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: valr sg, valir pl"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "valur",
"3": "valir",
"g1": "s",
"g2": "p"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic: valur sg, valir pl",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Icelandic: valur sg, valir pl"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "val-",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Old Norse: val-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Old Norse: val-"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fo",
"2": "val-"
},
"expansion": "Faroese: val-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Faroese: val-"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "val-"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic: val-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Icelandic: val-"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-osw",
"2": "val",
"3": "valar",
"g1": "s",
"g2": "p"
},
"expansion": "Old Swedish: val sg, valar pl",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Swedish: val sg, valar pl"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-pro",
"2": "ᚹᚨᛚᚺᚨᚲᚢᚱᚾᛖ",
"der": "1",
"lit": "Roman grain",
"pos": "dat.sg.",
"t": "gold",
"tr": "walhakurnē"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Proto-Norse: ᚹᚨᛚᚺᚨᚲᚢᚱᚾᛖ (walhakurnē, “gold”, dat.sg., literally “Roman grain”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Proto-Norse: ᚹᚨᛚᚺᚨᚲᚢᚱᚾᛖ (walhakurnē, “gold”, dat.sg., literally “Roman grain”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "*𐍅𐌰𐌻𐌷𐍃"
},
"expansion": "Gothic: *𐍅𐌰𐌻𐌷𐍃 (*walhs)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gothic: *𐍅𐌰𐌻𐌷𐍃 (*walhs)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*volxъ",
"bor": "1",
"t1": "Roman; Romance speaker",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": "→? Proto-Slavic: *volxъ (“Roman; Romance speaker”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→? Proto-Slavic: *volxъ (“Roman; Romance speaker”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "Vlach",
"3": "Wallachia",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: Vlach, Wallachia",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: Vlach, Wallachia"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "cel",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Celtic",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*wolkos",
"t": "hawk"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *wolkos (“hawk”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*ulkʷos",
"t": "wolf"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *ulkʷos (“wolf”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*wĺ̥kʷos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *wĺ̥kʷos",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-gau",
"2": "Catuvolcus"
},
"expansion": "Gaulish Catuvolcus",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "cadwalch",
"lit": "battle-hawk",
"t": "hero, champion, warrior"
},
"expansion": "Welsh cadwalch (“hero, champion, warrior”, literally “battle-hawk”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From the name of a Celtic tribe, the Volcae. Historically the tribe's name has been linked to an animal, possibly Proto-Celtic *wolkos (“hawk”), or alternatively (but less likely) Proto-Celtic *ulkʷos (“wolf”), in turn from Proto-Indo-European *wĺ̥kʷos, as Caesar described the Celts having fought with huge dogs.\nFor the first possibility, cf. the personal name Gaulish Catuvolcus and Welsh cadwalch (“hero, champion, warrior”, literally “battle-hawk”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "walhaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "walhōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "walhōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "walh",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "walhōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "walhōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "walhą",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "walhanz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "walhas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "walhis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "walhǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "walhai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "walhamaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "walhō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "walhamiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/walhaz",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Norse terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "walhiskaz"
},
{
"word": "walhahnuts"
}
],
"glosses": [
"speaker of Latin or a Romance or Celtic language"
],
"id": "en-walhaz-gem-pro-noun-RVRKaEq-",
"links": [
[
"Latin",
"Latin"
],
[
"Romance",
"Romance"
],
[
"Celtic",
"Celtic"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Walhaz"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈwɑl.xɑz/"
}
],
"word": "walhaz"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "walhiskaz"
},
{
"word": "walhahnuts"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*walh"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *walh\nOld English: wealh\nMiddle English: wælh, wale\n→ English: wealh (learned)\n→ Medieval Latin: wallus\n⇒ Old English: Cornwēalas (“Cornwall”)\nMiddle English: Cornwale, Cornwaile\nEnglish: Cornwall\n⇒ Old English: Wēalas (“Wales”) (see there for further descendants)\nOld Dutch: *Wala, *Wale\nMiddle Dutch: wāle\nDutch: Waal\nOld High German: walh, walah\nMiddle High German: walch\nGerman: Walchen pl, Walen pl (in placenames)\n→ Vulgar Latin: *Wallō\nWalloon: walon, Walon\n→ French: wallon, Wallon\n→ English: Walloon\n→? Proto-Slavic: *volxъ\n→ English: Vlach, Wallachia",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *walh\nOld English: wealh\nMiddle English: wælh, wale\n→ English: wealh (learned)\n→ Medieval Latin: wallus\n⇒ Old English: Cornwēalas (“Cornwall”)\nMiddle English: Cornwale, Cornwaile\nEnglish: Cornwall\n⇒ Old English: Wēalas (“Wales”) (see there for further descendants)\nOld Dutch: *Wala, *Wale\nMiddle Dutch: wāle\nDutch: Waal\nOld High German: walh, walah\nMiddle High German: walch\nGerman: Walchen pl, Walen pl (in placenames)\n→ Vulgar Latin: *Wallō\nWalloon: walon, Walon\n→ French: wallon, Wallon\n→ English: Walloon\n→? Proto-Slavic: *volxъ\n→ English: Vlach, Wallachia"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-pro",
"2": "*ᚹᚨᛚᚺᚨᛉ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Norse: *ᚹᚨᛚᚺᚨᛉ (*walhaʀ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Norse: *ᚹᚨᛚᚺᚨᛉ (*walhaʀ)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "valr",
"3": "valir",
"g1": "s",
"g2": "p"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: valr sg, valir pl",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: valr sg, valir pl"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "valur",
"3": "valir",
"g1": "s",
"g2": "p"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic: valur sg, valir pl",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Icelandic: valur sg, valir pl"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "val-",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Old Norse: val-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Old Norse: val-"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fo",
"2": "val-"
},
"expansion": "Faroese: val-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Faroese: val-"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "val-"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic: val-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Icelandic: val-"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-osw",
"2": "val",
"3": "valar",
"g1": "s",
"g2": "p"
},
"expansion": "Old Swedish: val sg, valar pl",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Swedish: val sg, valar pl"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-pro",
"2": "ᚹᚨᛚᚺᚨᚲᚢᚱᚾᛖ",
"der": "1",
"lit": "Roman grain",
"pos": "dat.sg.",
"t": "gold",
"tr": "walhakurnē"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Proto-Norse: ᚹᚨᛚᚺᚨᚲᚢᚱᚾᛖ (walhakurnē, “gold”, dat.sg., literally “Roman grain”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Proto-Norse: ᚹᚨᛚᚺᚨᚲᚢᚱᚾᛖ (walhakurnē, “gold”, dat.sg., literally “Roman grain”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "*𐍅𐌰𐌻𐌷𐍃"
},
"expansion": "Gothic: *𐍅𐌰𐌻𐌷𐍃 (*walhs)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gothic: *𐍅𐌰𐌻𐌷𐍃 (*walhs)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*volxъ",
"bor": "1",
"t1": "Roman; Romance speaker",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": "→? Proto-Slavic: *volxъ (“Roman; Romance speaker”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→? Proto-Slavic: *volxъ (“Roman; Romance speaker”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "Vlach",
"3": "Wallachia",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: Vlach, Wallachia",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: Vlach, Wallachia"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "cel",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Celtic",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*wolkos",
"t": "hawk"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *wolkos (“hawk”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*ulkʷos",
"t": "wolf"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *ulkʷos (“wolf”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*wĺ̥kʷos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *wĺ̥kʷos",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-gau",
"2": "Catuvolcus"
},
"expansion": "Gaulish Catuvolcus",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "cadwalch",
"lit": "battle-hawk",
"t": "hero, champion, warrior"
},
"expansion": "Welsh cadwalch (“hero, champion, warrior”, literally “battle-hawk”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From the name of a Celtic tribe, the Volcae. Historically the tribe's name has been linked to an animal, possibly Proto-Celtic *wolkos (“hawk”), or alternatively (but less likely) Proto-Celtic *ulkʷos (“wolf”), in turn from Proto-Indo-European *wĺ̥kʷos, as Caesar described the Celts having fought with huge dogs.\nFor the first possibility, cf. the personal name Gaulish Catuvolcus and Welsh cadwalch (“hero, champion, warrior”, literally “battle-hawk”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "walhaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "walhōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "walhōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "walh",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "walhōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "walhōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "walhą",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "walhanz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "walhas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "walhis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "walhǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "walhai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "walhamaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "walhō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "walhamiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/walhaz",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Germanic a-stem nouns",
"Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-Germanic masculine nouns",
"Proto-Germanic nouns",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from Celtic languages",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Celtic",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Norse terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"gem-pro:People"
],
"glosses": [
"speaker of Latin or a Romance or Celtic language"
],
"links": [
[
"Latin",
"Latin"
],
[
"Romance",
"Romance"
],
[
"Celtic",
"Celtic"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Walhaz"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈwɑl.xɑz/"
}
],
"word": "walhaz"
}
Download raw JSONL data for walhaz meaning in Proto-Germanic (7.4kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-15 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (8a39820 and 4401a4c). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.