See walþuz in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*walþu"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *walþu\nOld English: weald, wald\nMiddle English: wold, wald, walde, weld, welde, wolde, woolde; wæld (Early Middle English)\nEnglish: wold, weald, wald\nScots: wald\nOld Frisian: wald\nSaterland Frisian: Woold\nWest Frisian: wâld\nOld Saxon: wald\nMiddle Low German: wôlt, wôld\nDutch Low Saxon: woold, woud\nGerman Low German: Woolt, Woold, Wold\nPlautdietsch: Woolt\nOld Dutch: walt\nMiddle Dutch: wout\nDutch: woud\nLimburgish: waadj\nOld High German: wald\nMiddle High German: walt\nAlemannic German: Wald\nSwabian: Wald\nBavarian: Woid, Woold\nCimbrian: balt\nMòcheno: bòlt\nCentral Franconian: Wald (widely obsolete)\nHunsrik: Wald\nLuxembourgish: Wal\nGerman: Wald\nRhine Franconian: Wald, Wall\nFrankfurterisch: [valt]\nYiddish: וואַלד (vald)\n→ Old French: gaut (“forest, woods”)\n⇒ Old French: gaudine\n→ Piedmontese: vaoda, vaode",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *walþu\nOld English: weald, wald\nMiddle English: wold, wald, walde, weld, welde, wolde, woolde; wæld (Early Middle English)\nEnglish: wold, weald, wald\nScots: wald\nOld Frisian: wald\nSaterland Frisian: Woold\nWest Frisian: wâld\nOld Saxon: wald\nMiddle Low German: wôlt, wôld\nDutch Low Saxon: woold, woud\nGerman Low German: Woolt, Woold, Wold\nPlautdietsch: Woolt\nOld Dutch: walt\nMiddle Dutch: wout\nDutch: woud\nLimburgish: waadj\nOld High German: wald\nMiddle High German: walt\nAlemannic German: Wald\nSwabian: Wald\nBavarian: Woid, Woold\nCimbrian: balt\nMòcheno: bòlt\nCentral Franconian: Wald (widely obsolete)\nHunsrik: Wald\nLuxembourgish: Wal\nGerman: Wald\nRhine Franconian: Wald, Wall\nFrankfurterisch: [valt]\nYiddish: וואַלד (vald)\n→ Old French: gaut (“forest, woods”)\n⇒ Old French: gaudine\n→ Piedmontese: vaoda, vaode"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "vǫllr"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: vǫllr\nIcelandic: völlur\nFaroese: vøllur\nNorn: vällj, vaddl\nNorwegian Nynorsk: voll; (dialectal) vøll, vodd’e\nOld Swedish: valder\nSwedish: vall\nOld Danish: wold, wall\nDanish: vold, val\nNorwegian Bokmål: voll",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: vǫllr\nIcelandic: völlur\nFaroese: vøllur\nNorn: vällj, vaddl\nNorwegian Nynorsk: voll; (dialectal) vøll, vodd’e\nOld Swedish: valder\nSwedish: vall\nOld Danish: wold, wall\nDanish: vold, val\nNorwegian Bokmål: voll"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*wel-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *wel-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hit",
"2": "𒌑𒂊𒂖𒇻𒍑",
"3": "",
"4": "pasture, meadow",
"tr": "wellu-š"
},
"expansion": "Hittite 𒌑𒂊𒂖𒇻𒍑 (wellu-š, “pasture, meadow”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*wolHt-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *wolHt-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "folt",
"3": "",
"4": "hair"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish folt (“hair”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "prg",
"2": "wolti",
"3": "",
"4": "ear (of corn)"
},
"expansion": "Old Prussian wolti (“ear (of corn)”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "váltis",
"3": "",
"4": "oat awn"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian váltis (“oat awn”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "vlat",
"3": "vlât",
"4": "ear (of wheat)"
},
"expansion": "Serbo-Croatian vlât (“ear (of wheat)”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "λᾰ́σῐος",
"3": "",
"4": "hairy"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek λᾰ́σῐος (lásios, “hairy”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *wel-, in which case it would be cognate with Hittite 𒌑𒂊𒂖𒇻𒍑 (wellu-š, “pasture, meadow”). Another possibility is from Proto-Indo-European *wolHt- (compare Old Irish folt (“hair”), Old Prussian wolti (“ear (of corn)”), Lithuanian váltis (“oat awn”), Serbo-Croatian vlât (“ear (of wheat)”), and possibly Ancient Greek λᾰ́σῐος (lásios, “hairy”)), but the semantic gap is wide.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "u-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "walþuz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "walþiwiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "walþu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "walþiwiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "walþų",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "walþunz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "walþauz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "walþiwǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "walþiwi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "walþumaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "walþū",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "walþumiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/walþuz",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"forest"
],
"id": "en-walþuz-gem-pro-noun-YZoszxJs",
"links": [
[
"forest",
"forest"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "*furhiþą"
},
{
"word": "*furhō"
},
{
"word": "*skōgaz"
},
{
"word": "*widuz"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈwɑl.θuz/"
}
],
"word": "walþuz"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*walþu"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *walþu\nOld English: weald, wald\nMiddle English: wold, wald, walde, weld, welde, wolde, woolde; wæld (Early Middle English)\nEnglish: wold, weald, wald\nScots: wald\nOld Frisian: wald\nSaterland Frisian: Woold\nWest Frisian: wâld\nOld Saxon: wald\nMiddle Low German: wôlt, wôld\nDutch Low Saxon: woold, woud\nGerman Low German: Woolt, Woold, Wold\nPlautdietsch: Woolt\nOld Dutch: walt\nMiddle Dutch: wout\nDutch: woud\nLimburgish: waadj\nOld High German: wald\nMiddle High German: walt\nAlemannic German: Wald\nSwabian: Wald\nBavarian: Woid, Woold\nCimbrian: balt\nMòcheno: bòlt\nCentral Franconian: Wald (widely obsolete)\nHunsrik: Wald\nLuxembourgish: Wal\nGerman: Wald\nRhine Franconian: Wald, Wall\nFrankfurterisch: [valt]\nYiddish: וואַלד (vald)\n→ Old French: gaut (“forest, woods”)\n⇒ Old French: gaudine\n→ Piedmontese: vaoda, vaode",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *walþu\nOld English: weald, wald\nMiddle English: wold, wald, walde, weld, welde, wolde, woolde; wæld (Early Middle English)\nEnglish: wold, weald, wald\nScots: wald\nOld Frisian: wald\nSaterland Frisian: Woold\nWest Frisian: wâld\nOld Saxon: wald\nMiddle Low German: wôlt, wôld\nDutch Low Saxon: woold, woud\nGerman Low German: Woolt, Woold, Wold\nPlautdietsch: Woolt\nOld Dutch: walt\nMiddle Dutch: wout\nDutch: woud\nLimburgish: waadj\nOld High German: wald\nMiddle High German: walt\nAlemannic German: Wald\nSwabian: Wald\nBavarian: Woid, Woold\nCimbrian: balt\nMòcheno: bòlt\nCentral Franconian: Wald (widely obsolete)\nHunsrik: Wald\nLuxembourgish: Wal\nGerman: Wald\nRhine Franconian: Wald, Wall\nFrankfurterisch: [valt]\nYiddish: וואַלד (vald)\n→ Old French: gaut (“forest, woods”)\n⇒ Old French: gaudine\n→ Piedmontese: vaoda, vaode"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "vǫllr"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: vǫllr\nIcelandic: völlur\nFaroese: vøllur\nNorn: vällj, vaddl\nNorwegian Nynorsk: voll; (dialectal) vøll, vodd’e\nOld Swedish: valder\nSwedish: vall\nOld Danish: wold, wall\nDanish: vold, val\nNorwegian Bokmål: voll",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: vǫllr\nIcelandic: völlur\nFaroese: vøllur\nNorn: vällj, vaddl\nNorwegian Nynorsk: voll; (dialectal) vøll, vodd’e\nOld Swedish: valder\nSwedish: vall\nOld Danish: wold, wall\nDanish: vold, val\nNorwegian Bokmål: voll"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*wel-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *wel-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hit",
"2": "𒌑𒂊𒂖𒇻𒍑",
"3": "",
"4": "pasture, meadow",
"tr": "wellu-š"
},
"expansion": "Hittite 𒌑𒂊𒂖𒇻𒍑 (wellu-š, “pasture, meadow”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*wolHt-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *wolHt-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "folt",
"3": "",
"4": "hair"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish folt (“hair”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "prg",
"2": "wolti",
"3": "",
"4": "ear (of corn)"
},
"expansion": "Old Prussian wolti (“ear (of corn)”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "váltis",
"3": "",
"4": "oat awn"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian váltis (“oat awn”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "vlat",
"3": "vlât",
"4": "ear (of wheat)"
},
"expansion": "Serbo-Croatian vlât (“ear (of wheat)”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "λᾰ́σῐος",
"3": "",
"4": "hairy"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek λᾰ́σῐος (lásios, “hairy”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *wel-, in which case it would be cognate with Hittite 𒌑𒂊𒂖𒇻𒍑 (wellu-š, “pasture, meadow”). Another possibility is from Proto-Indo-European *wolHt- (compare Old Irish folt (“hair”), Old Prussian wolti (“ear (of corn)”), Lithuanian váltis (“oat awn”), Serbo-Croatian vlât (“ear (of wheat)”), and possibly Ancient Greek λᾰ́σῐος (lásios, “hairy”)), but the semantic gap is wide.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "u-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "walþuz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "walþiwiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "walþu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "walþiwiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "walþų",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "walþunz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "walþauz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "walþiwǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "walþiwi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "walþumaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "walþū",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "walþumiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/walþuz",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-Germanic masculine nouns",
"Proto-Germanic nouns",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Germanic u-stem nouns",
"gem-pro:Forests"
],
"glosses": [
"forest"
],
"links": [
[
"forest",
"forest"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "*furhiþą"
},
{
"word": "*furhō"
},
{
"word": "*skōgaz"
},
{
"word": "*widuz"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈwɑl.θuz/"
}
],
"word": "walþuz"
}
Download raw JSONL data for walþuz meaning in Proto-Germanic (5.9kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-09-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-08-20 using wiktextract (8e41825 and f99c758). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.