See wai in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*wai"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *wai\nOld English: wā, wei, wǣ\nMiddle English: wa, wo, woo\nEnglish: woe\nScots: wa, wae\nOld Frisian: wach, *wē\nWest Frisian: wee, wea\nOld Saxon: wah, wē\nMiddle Low German: wach, wê\nOld Dutch: *wē\nMiddle Dutch: wee\nDutch: wee\nOld High German: wah, wa, wē\nMiddle High German: wāch, wē\nCimbrian: bèa\nGerman: weh, Weh, wehe, Wehe\nYiddish: וויי (vey)\n→ English: vey\n→ Vulgar Latin: *wai, *guai\nCatalan: guai\nEmilian: ouais (Modenese)\nOld French: gway, gwai, guai, way, wai\nMiddle French: vé, vee (merger with or from Latin vae)\nFrench: vé (dialectical, Montbéliard)\nItalian: guai\nPiedmontese: guaj\nPortuguese: guai (obsolete)\nOld Spanish: guay\nSpanish: guay, guais (plural)\nLadino: guay, uay\nSicilian: vai",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *wai\nOld English: wā, wei, wǣ\nMiddle English: wa, wo, woo\nEnglish: woe\nScots: wa, wae\nOld Frisian: wach, *wē\nWest Frisian: wee, wea\nOld Saxon: wah, wē\nMiddle Low German: wach, wê\nOld Dutch: *wē\nMiddle Dutch: wee\nDutch: wee\nOld High German: wah, wa, wē\nMiddle High German: wāch, wē\nCimbrian: bèa\nGerman: weh, Weh, wehe, Wehe\nYiddish: וויי (vey)\n→ English: vey\n→ Vulgar Latin: *wai, *guai\nCatalan: guai\nEmilian: ouais (Modenese)\nOld French: gway, gwai, guai, way, wai\nMiddle French: vé, vee (merger with or from Latin vae)\nFrench: vé (dialectical, Montbéliard)\nItalian: guai\nPiedmontese: guaj\nPortuguese: guai (obsolete)\nOld Spanish: guay\nSpanish: guay, guais (plural)\nLadino: guay, uay\nSicilian: vai"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-pro",
"2": "*ᚹᚨᛁ",
"3": "ᚹᚨᛃᛖ-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Norse: *ᚹᚨᛁ (*wai), ᚹᚨᛃᛖ- (waje-)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Norse: *ᚹᚨᛁ (*wai), ᚹᚨᛃᛖ- (waje-)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "vei",
"3": "væ",
"4": "ve-"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: vei, væ, ve-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: vei, væ, ve-"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "vei",
"3": "væ"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic: vei, væ",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Icelandic: vei, væ"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fo",
"2": "vei",
"3": "veiggj"
},
"expansion": "Faroese: vei, veiggj",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Faroese: vei, veiggj"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "ve"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian: ve",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Norwegian: ve"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-osw",
"2": "ve",
"alt": "vē"
},
"expansion": "Old Swedish: vē",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Swedish: vē"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "ve"
},
"expansion": "Swedish: ve",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Swedish: ve"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "ve"
},
"expansion": "Danish: ve",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Danish: ve"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "waȝȝ",
"3": "wæi",
"4": "wei",
"5": "weye",
"6": "wai",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Middle English: waȝȝ, wæi, wei, weye, wai",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Middle English: waȝȝ, wæi, wei, weye, wai"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "weylaway",
"3": "wailewaie",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Middle English: weylaway, wailewaie",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Middle English: weylaway, wailewaie"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "welaway",
"3": "wellaway"
},
"expansion": "English: welaway, wellaway",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: welaway, wellaway"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "væla",
"der": "1",
"t": "to wail"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Old Norse: væla (“to wail”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Old Norse: væla (“to wail”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "weilen",
"3": "waylen",
"bor": "1",
"t2": "to wail, cry, sob"
},
"expansion": "→ Middle English: weilen, waylen (“to wail, cry, sob”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Middle English: weilen, waylen (“to wail, cry, sob”)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "wail"
},
"expansion": "English: wail",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: wail"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "væla"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic: væla",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Icelandic: væla"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ovd",
"2": "wäla"
},
"expansion": "Elfdalian: wäla",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Elfdalian: wäla"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "væl",
"der": "1",
"pos": "noun",
"t": "wail"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Old Norse: væl (“wail”, noun)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Old Norse: væl (“wail”, noun)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "væl"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic: væl",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Icelandic: væl"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐍅𐌰𐌹"
},
"expansion": "Gothic: 𐍅𐌰𐌹 (wai)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gothic: 𐍅𐌰𐌹 (wai)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*wáy",
"t": "woe! (interjection)"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *wáy (“woe! (interjection)”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "vae"
},
"expansion": "Latin vae",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "vaĩ"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian vaĩ",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "увы́",
"3": "",
"4": "alas"
},
"expansion": "Russian увы́ (uvý, “alas”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mga",
"2": "fáe"
},
"expansion": "Middle Irish fáe",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "gwae",
"3": "",
"4": "woe"
},
"expansion": "Welsh gwae (“woe”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬬𐬀𐬫𐬋𐬌"
},
"expansion": "Avestan 𐬬𐬀𐬫𐬋𐬌 (vayōi)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "उवे",
"tr": "uvé"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit उवे (uvé)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "وای",
"tr": "vây"
},
"expansion": "Persian وای (vây)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *wáy (“woe! (interjection)”). Compare Latin vae, Lithuanian vaĩ, vái, Russian увы́ (uvý, “alas”), Middle Irish fáe, Welsh gwae (“woe”), Avestan 𐬬𐬀𐬫𐬋𐬌 (vayōi), Sanskrit उवे (uvé), Persian وای (vây).",
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/wai",
"pos": "intj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Sanskrit terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"woe! alas! (expression of grief or anguish)"
],
"id": "en-wai-gem-pro-intj-wgNRxaVk",
"links": [
[
"woe",
"woe"
],
[
"alas",
"alas"
]
],
"related": [
{
"word": "wainagaz"
},
{
"word": "wainōną"
},
{
"word": "waiwô"
},
{
"word": "waiwō"
},
{
"word": "waja-"
}
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/wɑi̯/"
}
],
"word": "wai"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*wai"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *wai\nOld English: wā, wei, wǣ\nMiddle English: wa, wo, woo\nEnglish: woe\nScots: wa, wae\nOld Frisian: wach, *wē\nWest Frisian: wee, wea\nOld Saxon: wah, wē\nMiddle Low German: wach, wê\nOld Dutch: *wē\nMiddle Dutch: wee\nDutch: wee\nOld High German: wah, wa, wē\nMiddle High German: wāch, wē\nCimbrian: bèa\nGerman: weh, Weh, wehe, Wehe\nYiddish: וויי (vey)\n→ English: vey\n→ Vulgar Latin: *wai, *guai\nCatalan: guai\nEmilian: ouais (Modenese)\nOld French: gway, gwai, guai, way, wai\nMiddle French: vé, vee (merger with or from Latin vae)\nFrench: vé (dialectical, Montbéliard)\nItalian: guai\nPiedmontese: guaj\nPortuguese: guai (obsolete)\nOld Spanish: guay\nSpanish: guay, guais (plural)\nLadino: guay, uay\nSicilian: vai",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *wai\nOld English: wā, wei, wǣ\nMiddle English: wa, wo, woo\nEnglish: woe\nScots: wa, wae\nOld Frisian: wach, *wē\nWest Frisian: wee, wea\nOld Saxon: wah, wē\nMiddle Low German: wach, wê\nOld Dutch: *wē\nMiddle Dutch: wee\nDutch: wee\nOld High German: wah, wa, wē\nMiddle High German: wāch, wē\nCimbrian: bèa\nGerman: weh, Weh, wehe, Wehe\nYiddish: וויי (vey)\n→ English: vey\n→ Vulgar Latin: *wai, *guai\nCatalan: guai\nEmilian: ouais (Modenese)\nOld French: gway, gwai, guai, way, wai\nMiddle French: vé, vee (merger with or from Latin vae)\nFrench: vé (dialectical, Montbéliard)\nItalian: guai\nPiedmontese: guaj\nPortuguese: guai (obsolete)\nOld Spanish: guay\nSpanish: guay, guais (plural)\nLadino: guay, uay\nSicilian: vai"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-pro",
"2": "*ᚹᚨᛁ",
"3": "ᚹᚨᛃᛖ-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Norse: *ᚹᚨᛁ (*wai), ᚹᚨᛃᛖ- (waje-)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Norse: *ᚹᚨᛁ (*wai), ᚹᚨᛃᛖ- (waje-)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "vei",
"3": "væ",
"4": "ve-"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: vei, væ, ve-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: vei, væ, ve-"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "vei",
"3": "væ"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic: vei, væ",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Icelandic: vei, væ"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fo",
"2": "vei",
"3": "veiggj"
},
"expansion": "Faroese: vei, veiggj",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Faroese: vei, veiggj"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "ve"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian: ve",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Norwegian: ve"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-osw",
"2": "ve",
"alt": "vē"
},
"expansion": "Old Swedish: vē",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Swedish: vē"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "ve"
},
"expansion": "Swedish: ve",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Swedish: ve"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "ve"
},
"expansion": "Danish: ve",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Danish: ve"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "waȝȝ",
"3": "wæi",
"4": "wei",
"5": "weye",
"6": "wai",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Middle English: waȝȝ, wæi, wei, weye, wai",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Middle English: waȝȝ, wæi, wei, weye, wai"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "weylaway",
"3": "wailewaie",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Middle English: weylaway, wailewaie",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Middle English: weylaway, wailewaie"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "welaway",
"3": "wellaway"
},
"expansion": "English: welaway, wellaway",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: welaway, wellaway"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "væla",
"der": "1",
"t": "to wail"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Old Norse: væla (“to wail”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Old Norse: væla (“to wail”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "weilen",
"3": "waylen",
"bor": "1",
"t2": "to wail, cry, sob"
},
"expansion": "→ Middle English: weilen, waylen (“to wail, cry, sob”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Middle English: weilen, waylen (“to wail, cry, sob”)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "wail"
},
"expansion": "English: wail",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: wail"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "væla"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic: væla",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Icelandic: væla"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ovd",
"2": "wäla"
},
"expansion": "Elfdalian: wäla",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Elfdalian: wäla"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "væl",
"der": "1",
"pos": "noun",
"t": "wail"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Old Norse: væl (“wail”, noun)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Old Norse: væl (“wail”, noun)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "væl"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic: væl",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Icelandic: væl"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐍅𐌰𐌹"
},
"expansion": "Gothic: 𐍅𐌰𐌹 (wai)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gothic: 𐍅𐌰𐌹 (wai)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*wáy",
"t": "woe! (interjection)"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *wáy (“woe! (interjection)”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "vae"
},
"expansion": "Latin vae",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "vaĩ"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian vaĩ",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "увы́",
"3": "",
"4": "alas"
},
"expansion": "Russian увы́ (uvý, “alas”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mga",
"2": "fáe"
},
"expansion": "Middle Irish fáe",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "gwae",
"3": "",
"4": "woe"
},
"expansion": "Welsh gwae (“woe”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬬𐬀𐬫𐬋𐬌"
},
"expansion": "Avestan 𐬬𐬀𐬫𐬋𐬌 (vayōi)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "उवे",
"tr": "uvé"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit उवे (uvé)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "وای",
"tr": "vây"
},
"expansion": "Persian وای (vây)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *wáy (“woe! (interjection)”). Compare Latin vae, Lithuanian vaĩ, vái, Russian увы́ (uvý, “alas”), Middle Irish fáe, Welsh gwae (“woe”), Avestan 𐬬𐬀𐬫𐬋𐬌 (vayōi), Sanskrit उवे (uvé), Persian وای (vây).",
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/wai",
"pos": "intj",
"related": [
{
"word": "wainagaz"
},
{
"word": "wainōną"
},
{
"word": "waiwô"
},
{
"word": "waiwō"
},
{
"word": "waja-"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Germanic interjections",
"Proto-Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Germanic terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Sanskrit terms with non-redundant manual transliterations"
],
"glosses": [
"woe! alas! (expression of grief or anguish)"
],
"links": [
[
"woe",
"woe"
],
[
"alas",
"alas"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/wɑi̯/"
}
],
"word": "wai"
}
Download raw JSONL data for wai meaning in Proto-Germanic (7.1kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-08 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-01 using wiktextract (9a96ef4 and 4ed51a5). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.