"wīkwaną" meaning in Proto-Germanic

See wīkwaną in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Verb

IPA: /ˈwiː.kʷɑ.nɑ̃/
Etymology: Probably from Proto-Indo-European *wéygeti. Cognate with Avestan 𐬬𐬀𐬉𐬘𐬀𐬧𐬙 (vaējaṇt, “swinging”, present participle), Ancient Greek εἴκω (eíkō, “to give way”), Tocharian B viśäṃ (“should stay away”, subjunctive). From root *weyg- (“to start moving; to distance oneself”). Etymology templates: {{root|gem-pro|ine-pro|*weyg-}}, {{der|gem-pro|ine-pro|*wéygeti|id=curve}} Proto-Indo-European *wéygeti, {{cog|ae||𐬬𐬀𐬉𐬘𐬀𐬧𐬙|pos=present participle|t=swinging}} Avestan 𐬬𐬀𐬉𐬘𐬀𐬧𐬙 (vaējaṇt, “swinging”, present participle), {{cog|grc|εἴκω|t=to give way}} Ancient Greek εἴκω (eíkō, “to give way”), {{cog|txb||viśäṃ|pos=subjunctive|t=should stay away}} Tocharian B viśäṃ (“should stay away”, subjunctive) Inflection templates: {{gem-conj-st|wīkw|waikw|wikw|wikw|class=1|nopass=1}} Forms: strong [table-tags], wīkwō [active, first-person, indicative, singular], wīkwaų [active, first-person, singular, subjunctive], - [active, first-person, imperative, singular], wīkwai [first-person, indicative, passive, singular], - [first-person, passive, singular, subjunctive], wīkwizi [active, indicative, second-person, singular], wīkwaiz [active, second-person, singular, subjunctive], wīkw [active, imperative, second-person, singular], wīkwazai [indicative, passive, second-person, singular], wīkwaizau [passive, second-person, singular, subjunctive], wīkwidi [active, indicative, singular, third-person], wīkwai [active, singular, subjunctive, third-person], wīkwadau [active, imperative, singular, third-person], wīkwadai [indicative, passive, singular, third-person], wīkwaidau [passive, singular, subjunctive, third-person], wīkwōz [active, dual, first-person, indicative], wīkwaiw [active, dual, first-person, subjunctive], - [active, dual, first-person, imperative], - [dual, first-person, indicative, passive], - [dual, first-person, passive, subjunctive], wīkwadiz [active, dual, indicative, second-person], wīkwaidiz [active, dual, second-person, subjunctive], wīkwadiz [active, dual, imperative, second-person], - [dual, indicative, passive, second-person], - [dual, passive, second-person, subjunctive], wīkwamaz [active, first-person, indicative, plural], wīkwaim [active, first-person, plural, subjunctive], - [active, first-person, imperative, plural], wīkwandai [first-person, indicative, passive, plural], wīkwaindau [first-person, passive, plural, subjunctive], wīkwid [active, indicative, plural, second-person], wīkwaid [active, plural, second-person, subjunctive], wīkwid [active, imperative, plural, second-person], wīkwandai [indicative, passive, plural, second-person], wīkwaindau [passive, plural, second-person, subjunctive], wīkwandi [active, indicative, plural, third-person], wīkwain [active, plural, subjunctive, third-person], wīkwandau [active, imperative, plural, third-person], wīkwandai [indicative, passive, plural, third-person], wīkwaindau [passive, plural, subjunctive, third-person], waikw [active, first-person, indicative, singular], wikwį̄ [active, first-person, singular, subjunctive], waiht [active, indicative, second-person, singular], wikwīz [active, second-person, singular, subjunctive], waikw [active, indicative, singular, third-person], wikwī [active, singular, subjunctive, third-person], wikwū [active, dual, first-person, indicative], wikwīw [active, dual, first-person, subjunctive], wikwudiz [active, dual, indicative, second-person], wikwīdiz [active, dual, second-person, subjunctive], wikwum [active, first-person, indicative, plural], wikwīm [active, first-person, plural, subjunctive], wikwud [active, indicative, plural, second-person], wikwīd [active, plural, second-person, subjunctive], wikwun [active, indicative, plural, third-person], wikwīn [active, plural, subjunctive, third-person], wīkwandz [active, participle, present], wikwanaz [active, participle, past, subjunctive]
  1. to yield, cease, fold Tags: reconstruction Derived forms (→ Middle English: wike, wyke): wike [English], wick (english: corner) [English] Derived forms (→ Middle English: wike, wyke; Scots): wick
    Sense id: en-wīkwaną-gem-pro-verb-sN78VJPt Categories (other): Pages with 1 entry, Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of Pages with 1 entry: 66 34 Disambiguation of Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header: 79 21 Disambiguation of '→ Middle English: wike, wyke': 100 0 Disambiguation of '→ Middle English: wike, wyke; Scots': 100 0
  2. to retreat Tags: reconstruction
    Sense id: en-wīkwaną-gem-pro-verb-o1YFhSGA
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Derived forms: waikwaz [weak], waikwijaną (english: to weaken) Derived forms (*wikwinōną): vikna (english: to give way) [Old-Norse] Derived forms (Old Norse: *vik (“bend, angle”)): vik (english: little bend) [Faroese] Derived forms (Old Norse: *vik (“bend, angle”); Danish): vig Derived forms (Old Norse: *vik (“bend, angle”); Icelandic): vik (english: small favour) Derived forms (Old Norse: *vik (“bend, angle”); Norwegian Nynorsk): vik (english: small deviation) Derived forms (Old Norse: *vik (“bend, angle”); Swedish): veck (english: fold)
Disambiguation of '*wikwinōną': 0 0 Disambiguation of 'Old Norse: *vik (“bend, angle”)': 100 0 Disambiguation of 'Old Norse: *vik (“bend, angle”); Danish': 100 0 Disambiguation of 'Old Norse: *vik (“bend, angle”); Icelandic': 100 0 Disambiguation of 'Old Norse: *vik (“bend, angle”); Norwegian Nynorsk': 100 0 Disambiguation of 'Old Norse: *vik (“bend, angle”); Swedish': 100 0
{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "weak"
      ],
      "word": "waikwaz"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "english": "to weaken",
      "word": "waikwijaną"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "english": "to give way",
      "sense": "*wikwinōną",
      "tags": [
        "Old-Norse"
      ],
      "word": "vikna"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "100 0",
      "english": "small favour",
      "sense": "Old Norse: *vik (“bend, angle”); Icelandic",
      "word": "vik"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "100 0",
      "english": "little bend",
      "sense": "Old Norse: *vik (“bend, angle”)",
      "tags": [
        "Faroese"
      ],
      "word": "vik"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "100 0",
      "english": "small deviation",
      "sense": "Old Norse: *vik (“bend, angle”); Norwegian Nynorsk",
      "word": "vik"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "100 0",
      "english": "fold",
      "sense": "Old Norse: *vik (“bend, angle”); Swedish",
      "word": "veck"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "100 0",
      "sense": "Old Norse: *vik (“bend, angle”); Danish",
      "word": "vig"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gmw-pro",
            "2": "*wīkwan",
            "t": "to yield"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *wīkwan (“to yield”)\nOld English: wīcan\nMiddle English: wiken\nEnglish: wick (“to strike aslant”)\nScots: wick\nOld Frisian: wīka\nSaterland Frisian: wieke\nWest Frisian: wike, wyke\nOld Saxon: wīkan\nMiddle Low German: wîken\nGerman Low German: wieken\nOld Dutch: *wīcan\nMiddle Dutch: wiken\nDutch: wijken\nLimburgish: wieke\nOld High German: wīhhan\nMiddle High German: wīchen\nCimbrian: baichan\nGerman: weichen",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-West Germanic: *wīkwan (“to yield”)\nOld English: wīcan\nMiddle English: wiken\nEnglish: wick (“to strike aslant”)\nScots: wick\nOld Frisian: wīka\nSaterland Frisian: wieke\nWest Frisian: wike, wyke\nOld Saxon: wīkan\nMiddle Low German: wîken\nGerman Low German: wieken\nOld Dutch: *wīcan\nMiddle Dutch: wiken\nDutch: wijken\nLimburgish: wieke\nOld High German: wīhhan\nMiddle High German: wīchen\nCimbrian: baichan\nGerman: weichen"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "non",
            "2": "ýkva",
            "3": "víkva",
            "4": "víkja",
            "t3": "to turn, move"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Norse: ýkva, víkva, víkja (“to turn, move”)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Norse: ýkva, víkva, víkja (“to turn, move”)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "is",
            "2": "víkja",
            "t": "to yield"
          },
          "expansion": "Icelandic: víkja (“to yield”)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Icelandic: víkja (“to yield”)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "fo",
            "2": "víkja"
          },
          "expansion": "Faroese: víkja",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Faroese: víkja"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "nb",
            "2": "vike"
          },
          "expansion": "Norwegian Bokmål: vike",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Norwegian Bokmål: vike"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "nn",
            "2": "vike"
          },
          "expansion": "Norwegian Nynorsk: vike",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Norwegian Nynorsk: vike"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gmq-osw",
            "2": "vika",
            "alt": "vīka"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Swedish: vīka",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Swedish: vīka"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sv",
            "2": "vika",
            "3": "vik"
          },
          "expansion": "Swedish: vika, vik",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Swedish: vika, vik"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "da",
            "2": "vige"
          },
          "expansion": "Danish: vige",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Danish: vige"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*weyg-"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*wéygeti",
        "id": "curve"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *wéygeti",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ae",
        "2": "",
        "3": "𐬬𐬀𐬉𐬘𐬀𐬧𐬙",
        "pos": "present participle",
        "t": "swinging"
      },
      "expansion": "Avestan 𐬬𐬀𐬉𐬘𐬀𐬧𐬙 (vaējaṇt, “swinging”, present participle)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "εἴκω",
        "t": "to give way"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek εἴκω (eíkō, “to give way”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "txb",
        "2": "",
        "3": "viśäṃ",
        "pos": "subjunctive",
        "t": "should stay away"
      },
      "expansion": "Tocharian B viśäṃ (“should stay away”, subjunctive)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Probably from Proto-Indo-European *wéygeti. Cognate with Avestan 𐬬𐬀𐬉𐬘𐬀𐬧𐬙 (vaējaṇt, “swinging”, present participle), Ancient Greek εἴκω (eíkō, “to give way”), Tocharian B viśäṃ (“should stay away”, subjunctive). From root *weyg- (“to start moving; to distance oneself”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "strong",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gem-conj-st",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "1",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wīkwō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wīkwaų",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wīkwai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "passive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "passive",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wīkwizi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wīkwaiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wīkw",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "imperative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wīkwazai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "passive",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wīkwaizau",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "passive",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wīkwidi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wīkwai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wīkwadau",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "imperative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wīkwadai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "passive",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wīkwaidau",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "passive",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wīkwōz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "indicative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wīkwaiw",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "passive",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wīkwadiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "indicative",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wīkwaidiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wīkwadiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "imperative",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "indicative",
        "passive",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "passive",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wīkwamaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wīkwaim",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wīkwandai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "passive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wīkwaindau",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wīkwid",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wīkwaid",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wīkwid",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wīkwandai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wīkwaindau",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wīkwandi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wīkwain",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wīkwandau",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wīkwandai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wīkwaindau",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "waikw",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wikwį̄",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "waiht",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wikwīz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "waikw",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wikwī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wikwū",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "indicative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wikwīw",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wikwudiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "indicative",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wikwīdiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wikwum",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wikwīm",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wikwud",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wikwīd",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wikwun",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wikwīn",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wīkwandz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wikwanaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "participle",
        "past",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "wīkw",
        "2": "waikw",
        "3": "wikw",
        "4": "wikw",
        "class": "1",
        "nopass": "1"
      },
      "name": "gem-conj-st"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Germanic",
  "lang_code": "gem-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/wīkwaną",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "66 34",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "79 21",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "derived": [
        {
          "_dis1": "100 0",
          "sense": "→ Middle English: wike, wyke",
          "tags": [
            "English"
          ],
          "word": "wike"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "100 0",
          "english": "corner",
          "sense": "→ Middle English: wike, wyke",
          "tags": [
            "English"
          ],
          "word": "wick"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "100 0",
          "sense": "→ Middle English: wike, wyke; Scots",
          "word": "wick"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to yield, cease, fold"
      ],
      "id": "en-wīkwaną-gem-pro-verb-sN78VJPt",
      "links": [
        [
          "yield",
          "yield"
        ],
        [
          "cease",
          "cease"
        ],
        [
          "fold",
          "fold"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to retreat"
      ],
      "id": "en-wīkwaną-gem-pro-verb-o1YFhSGA",
      "links": [
        [
          "retreat",
          "retreat"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈwiː.kʷɑ.nɑ̃/"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Brill Publishers",
    "Helmut Rix",
    "Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben"
  ],
  "word": "wīkwaną"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Pages with 1 entry",
    "Proto-Germanic class 1 strong verbs",
    "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
    "Proto-Germanic lemmas",
    "Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Proto-Germanic terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *weyg-",
    "Proto-Germanic verbs"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "weak"
      ],
      "word": "waikwaz"
    },
    {
      "english": "to weaken",
      "word": "waikwijaną"
    },
    {
      "english": "to give way",
      "sense": "*wikwinōną",
      "tags": [
        "Old-Norse"
      ],
      "word": "vikna"
    },
    {
      "english": "small favour",
      "sense": "Old Norse: *vik (“bend, angle”); Icelandic",
      "word": "vik"
    },
    {
      "english": "little bend",
      "sense": "Old Norse: *vik (“bend, angle”)",
      "tags": [
        "Faroese"
      ],
      "word": "vik"
    },
    {
      "english": "small deviation",
      "sense": "Old Norse: *vik (“bend, angle”); Norwegian Nynorsk",
      "word": "vik"
    },
    {
      "english": "fold",
      "sense": "Old Norse: *vik (“bend, angle”); Swedish",
      "word": "veck"
    },
    {
      "sense": "Old Norse: *vik (“bend, angle”); Danish",
      "word": "vig"
    },
    {
      "sense": "→ Middle English: wike, wyke",
      "tags": [
        "English"
      ],
      "word": "wike"
    },
    {
      "english": "corner",
      "sense": "→ Middle English: wike, wyke",
      "tags": [
        "English"
      ],
      "word": "wick"
    },
    {
      "sense": "→ Middle English: wike, wyke; Scots",
      "word": "wick"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gmw-pro",
            "2": "*wīkwan",
            "t": "to yield"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *wīkwan (“to yield”)\nOld English: wīcan\nMiddle English: wiken\nEnglish: wick (“to strike aslant”)\nScots: wick\nOld Frisian: wīka\nSaterland Frisian: wieke\nWest Frisian: wike, wyke\nOld Saxon: wīkan\nMiddle Low German: wîken\nGerman Low German: wieken\nOld Dutch: *wīcan\nMiddle Dutch: wiken\nDutch: wijken\nLimburgish: wieke\nOld High German: wīhhan\nMiddle High German: wīchen\nCimbrian: baichan\nGerman: weichen",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-West Germanic: *wīkwan (“to yield”)\nOld English: wīcan\nMiddle English: wiken\nEnglish: wick (“to strike aslant”)\nScots: wick\nOld Frisian: wīka\nSaterland Frisian: wieke\nWest Frisian: wike, wyke\nOld Saxon: wīkan\nMiddle Low German: wîken\nGerman Low German: wieken\nOld Dutch: *wīcan\nMiddle Dutch: wiken\nDutch: wijken\nLimburgish: wieke\nOld High German: wīhhan\nMiddle High German: wīchen\nCimbrian: baichan\nGerman: weichen"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "non",
            "2": "ýkva",
            "3": "víkva",
            "4": "víkja",
            "t3": "to turn, move"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Norse: ýkva, víkva, víkja (“to turn, move”)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Norse: ýkva, víkva, víkja (“to turn, move”)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "is",
            "2": "víkja",
            "t": "to yield"
          },
          "expansion": "Icelandic: víkja (“to yield”)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Icelandic: víkja (“to yield”)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "fo",
            "2": "víkja"
          },
          "expansion": "Faroese: víkja",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Faroese: víkja"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "nb",
            "2": "vike"
          },
          "expansion": "Norwegian Bokmål: vike",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Norwegian Bokmål: vike"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "nn",
            "2": "vike"
          },
          "expansion": "Norwegian Nynorsk: vike",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Norwegian Nynorsk: vike"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gmq-osw",
            "2": "vika",
            "alt": "vīka"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Swedish: vīka",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Swedish: vīka"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sv",
            "2": "vika",
            "3": "vik"
          },
          "expansion": "Swedish: vika, vik",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Swedish: vika, vik"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "da",
            "2": "vige"
          },
          "expansion": "Danish: vige",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Danish: vige"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*weyg-"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*wéygeti",
        "id": "curve"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *wéygeti",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ae",
        "2": "",
        "3": "𐬬𐬀𐬉𐬘𐬀𐬧𐬙",
        "pos": "present participle",
        "t": "swinging"
      },
      "expansion": "Avestan 𐬬𐬀𐬉𐬘𐬀𐬧𐬙 (vaējaṇt, “swinging”, present participle)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "εἴκω",
        "t": "to give way"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek εἴκω (eíkō, “to give way”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "txb",
        "2": "",
        "3": "viśäṃ",
        "pos": "subjunctive",
        "t": "should stay away"
      },
      "expansion": "Tocharian B viśäṃ (“should stay away”, subjunctive)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Probably from Proto-Indo-European *wéygeti. Cognate with Avestan 𐬬𐬀𐬉𐬘𐬀𐬧𐬙 (vaējaṇt, “swinging”, present participle), Ancient Greek εἴκω (eíkō, “to give way”), Tocharian B viśäṃ (“should stay away”, subjunctive). From root *weyg- (“to start moving; to distance oneself”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "strong",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gem-conj-st",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "1",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wīkwō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wīkwaų",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wīkwai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "passive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "passive",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wīkwizi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wīkwaiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wīkw",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "imperative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wīkwazai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "passive",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wīkwaizau",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "passive",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wīkwidi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wīkwai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wīkwadau",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "imperative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wīkwadai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "passive",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wīkwaidau",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "passive",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wīkwōz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "indicative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wīkwaiw",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "passive",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wīkwadiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "indicative",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wīkwaidiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wīkwadiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "imperative",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "indicative",
        "passive",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "passive",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wīkwamaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wīkwaim",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wīkwandai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "passive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wīkwaindau",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wīkwid",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wīkwaid",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wīkwid",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wīkwandai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wīkwaindau",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wīkwandi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wīkwain",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wīkwandau",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wīkwandai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wīkwaindau",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "waikw",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wikwį̄",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "waiht",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wikwīz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "waikw",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wikwī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wikwū",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "indicative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wikwīw",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wikwudiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "indicative",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wikwīdiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wikwum",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wikwīm",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wikwud",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wikwīd",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wikwun",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wikwīn",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wīkwandz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wikwanaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "participle",
        "past",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "wīkw",
        "2": "waikw",
        "3": "wikw",
        "4": "wikw",
        "class": "1",
        "nopass": "1"
      },
      "name": "gem-conj-st"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Germanic",
  "lang_code": "gem-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/wīkwaną",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to yield, cease, fold"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "yield",
          "yield"
        ],
        [
          "cease",
          "cease"
        ],
        [
          "fold",
          "fold"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to retreat"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "retreat",
          "retreat"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈwiː.kʷɑ.nɑ̃/"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Brill Publishers",
    "Helmut Rix",
    "Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben"
  ],
  "word": "wīkwaną"
}

Download raw JSONL data for wīkwaną meaning in Proto-Germanic (11.6kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-09-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-08-20 using wiktextract (8e41825 and f99c758). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.