See wēpną in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*wāpn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *wāpn\nOld English: wǣpn, wǣpen\nMiddle English: wæpenn, wepen\nEnglish: weapon\nScots: weipen, weapoun, weapon\nOld Frisian: *wāpin, wēpin\nSaterland Frisian: Woapen\nWest Frisian: wapen\nOld Saxon: wāpan\nMiddle Low German: wāpen\nGerman Low German: Wapen, Wopen\n→ Middle High German: wāpen\nGerman: Wappen\nOld Dutch: wāpan\nMiddle Dutch: wapen\nDutch: wapen\nOld High German: wāfan\nMiddle High German: wāfen, wapen\nAlemannic German: Waaffe\nCentral Franconian:\nHunsrik: Waff\nLuxembourgish: Waff\nGerman: Waffe\n→ German Low German: Waffe\nYiddish: וואָפֿן (vofn)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *wāpn\nOld English: wǣpn, wǣpen\nMiddle English: wæpenn, wepen\nEnglish: weapon\nScots: weipen, weapoun, weapon\nOld Frisian: *wāpin, wēpin\nSaterland Frisian: Woapen\nWest Frisian: wapen\nOld Saxon: wāpan\nMiddle Low German: wāpen\nGerman Low German: Wapen, Wopen\n→ Middle High German: wāpen\nGerman: Wappen\nOld Dutch: wāpan\nMiddle Dutch: wapen\nDutch: wapen\nOld High German: wāfan\nMiddle High German: wāfen, wapen\nAlemannic German: Waaffe\nCentral Franconian:\nHunsrik: Waff\nLuxembourgish: Waff\nGerman: Waffe\n→ German Low German: Waffe\nYiddish: וואָפֿן (vofn)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "vápn"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: vápn\nIcelandic: vopn, vokn\nFaroese: vápn, vákn\nNorwegian Nynorsk: våpn, våpen, ⇒ våknhus, våkenhus\nElfdalian: wapen, waken-\nOld Swedish: vapn, vakn\nSwedish: vapen, vaken-, vång-\n→ Finnish: vaakuna\nOld Danish: wāpn, wākn\nScanian: vaben\nDanish: våben\nNorwegian Bokmål: våpen\nOld Gutnish: vapn\nGutnish: vapen\n→ Middle English: wapen, wopen\nScots: wapyn, wappen",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: vápn\nIcelandic: vopn, vokn\nFaroese: vápn, vákn\nNorwegian Nynorsk: våpn, våpen, ⇒ våknhus, våkenhus\nElfdalian: wapen, waken-\nOld Swedish: vapn, vakn\nSwedish: vapen, vaken-, vång-\n→ Finnish: vaakuna\nOld Danish: wāpn, wākn\nScanian: vaben\nDanish: våben\nNorwegian Bokmål: våpen\nOld Gutnish: vapn\nGutnish: vapen\n→ Middle English: wapen, wopen\nScots: wapyn, wappen"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐍅𐌴𐍀𐌽"
},
"expansion": "Gothic: 𐍅𐌴𐍀𐌽 (wēpn)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gothic: 𐍅𐌴𐍀𐌽 (wēpn)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"id": "weapon"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "uncertain",
"name": "unc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "vámn"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse vámn",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "wǣmn"
},
"expansion": "Old English wǣmn",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "wafian",
"t": "to wave"
},
"expansion": "Old English wafian (“to wave”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "waben"
},
"expansion": "Old High German waben",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "wapperen",
"t": "idem"
},
"expansion": "Dutch wapperen (“idem”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*webaną",
"t": "to weave"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *webaną (“to weave”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "txb",
"2": "yepe",
"tr": "knife"
},
"expansion": "Tocharian B yepe (knife)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Of uncertain origin.\nBased on the variant form *wēbną (whence Old Norse vámn, Old English wǣmn), Kroonen derives both from an earlier noun *wēbō, itself from an iterative verb *wappōną (“to wave, shake”) (whence Old English wafian (“to wave”), Old High German waben, wappen (“to waver, shake”), Dutch wapperen (“idem”)). Said verb is thought to be either sound-symbolic or related to Proto-Germanic *webaną (“to weave”).\nOther theories tentatively compare Tocharian B yepe (knife); if so, both may derive from a Proto-Indo-European form such as *wēbnom or *wēben.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "wēpną",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "wēpnō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "wēpną",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "wēpnō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "wēpną",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "wēpnō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "wēpnas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "wēpnis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "wēpnǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "wēpnai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "wēpnamaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "wēpnō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "wēpnamiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/wēpną",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "wēpnijaną"
},
{
"word": "wēpnōną"
}
],
"glosses": [
"weapon"
],
"id": "en-wēpną-gem-pro-noun-xo~vGrrG",
"links": [
[
"weapon",
"weapon"
]
],
"tags": [
"neuter",
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
]
}
],
"word": "wēpną"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "wēpnijaną"
},
{
"word": "wēpnōną"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*wāpn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *wāpn\nOld English: wǣpn, wǣpen\nMiddle English: wæpenn, wepen\nEnglish: weapon\nScots: weipen, weapoun, weapon\nOld Frisian: *wāpin, wēpin\nSaterland Frisian: Woapen\nWest Frisian: wapen\nOld Saxon: wāpan\nMiddle Low German: wāpen\nGerman Low German: Wapen, Wopen\n→ Middle High German: wāpen\nGerman: Wappen\nOld Dutch: wāpan\nMiddle Dutch: wapen\nDutch: wapen\nOld High German: wāfan\nMiddle High German: wāfen, wapen\nAlemannic German: Waaffe\nCentral Franconian:\nHunsrik: Waff\nLuxembourgish: Waff\nGerman: Waffe\n→ German Low German: Waffe\nYiddish: וואָפֿן (vofn)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *wāpn\nOld English: wǣpn, wǣpen\nMiddle English: wæpenn, wepen\nEnglish: weapon\nScots: weipen, weapoun, weapon\nOld Frisian: *wāpin, wēpin\nSaterland Frisian: Woapen\nWest Frisian: wapen\nOld Saxon: wāpan\nMiddle Low German: wāpen\nGerman Low German: Wapen, Wopen\n→ Middle High German: wāpen\nGerman: Wappen\nOld Dutch: wāpan\nMiddle Dutch: wapen\nDutch: wapen\nOld High German: wāfan\nMiddle High German: wāfen, wapen\nAlemannic German: Waaffe\nCentral Franconian:\nHunsrik: Waff\nLuxembourgish: Waff\nGerman: Waffe\n→ German Low German: Waffe\nYiddish: וואָפֿן (vofn)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "vápn"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: vápn\nIcelandic: vopn, vokn\nFaroese: vápn, vákn\nNorwegian Nynorsk: våpn, våpen, ⇒ våknhus, våkenhus\nElfdalian: wapen, waken-\nOld Swedish: vapn, vakn\nSwedish: vapen, vaken-, vång-\n→ Finnish: vaakuna\nOld Danish: wāpn, wākn\nScanian: vaben\nDanish: våben\nNorwegian Bokmål: våpen\nOld Gutnish: vapn\nGutnish: vapen\n→ Middle English: wapen, wopen\nScots: wapyn, wappen",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: vápn\nIcelandic: vopn, vokn\nFaroese: vápn, vákn\nNorwegian Nynorsk: våpn, våpen, ⇒ våknhus, våkenhus\nElfdalian: wapen, waken-\nOld Swedish: vapn, vakn\nSwedish: vapen, vaken-, vång-\n→ Finnish: vaakuna\nOld Danish: wāpn, wākn\nScanian: vaben\nDanish: våben\nNorwegian Bokmål: våpen\nOld Gutnish: vapn\nGutnish: vapen\n→ Middle English: wapen, wopen\nScots: wapyn, wappen"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐍅𐌴𐍀𐌽"
},
"expansion": "Gothic: 𐍅𐌴𐍀𐌽 (wēpn)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gothic: 𐍅𐌴𐍀𐌽 (wēpn)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"id": "weapon"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "uncertain",
"name": "unc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "vámn"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse vámn",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "wǣmn"
},
"expansion": "Old English wǣmn",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "wafian",
"t": "to wave"
},
"expansion": "Old English wafian (“to wave”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "waben"
},
"expansion": "Old High German waben",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "wapperen",
"t": "idem"
},
"expansion": "Dutch wapperen (“idem”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*webaną",
"t": "to weave"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *webaną (“to weave”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "txb",
"2": "yepe",
"tr": "knife"
},
"expansion": "Tocharian B yepe (knife)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Of uncertain origin.\nBased on the variant form *wēbną (whence Old Norse vámn, Old English wǣmn), Kroonen derives both from an earlier noun *wēbō, itself from an iterative verb *wappōną (“to wave, shake”) (whence Old English wafian (“to wave”), Old High German waben, wappen (“to waver, shake”), Dutch wapperen (“idem”)). Said verb is thought to be either sound-symbolic or related to Proto-Germanic *webaną (“to weave”).\nOther theories tentatively compare Tocharian B yepe (knife); if so, both may derive from a Proto-Indo-European form such as *wēbnom or *wēben.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "wēpną",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "wēpnō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "wēpną",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "wēpnō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "wēpną",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "wēpnō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "wēpnas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "wēpnis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "wēpnǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "wēpnai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "wēpnamaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "wēpnō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "wēpnamiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/wēpną",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Germanic a-stem nouns",
"Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-Germanic neuter nouns",
"Proto-Germanic nouns",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Germanic terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Germanic terms with unknown etymologies"
],
"glosses": [
"weapon"
],
"links": [
[
"weapon",
"weapon"
]
],
"tags": [
"neuter",
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
]
}
],
"word": "wēpną"
}
Download raw JSONL data for wēpną meaning in Proto-Germanic (6.1kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-02-17 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-02-02 using wiktextract (ca09fec and c40eb85). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.