See taikijaną in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
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"descendants": [
{
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"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"word": "*taikijan"
}
],
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{
"args": {
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"2": ":inh",
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},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*taigōn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *taigōn",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*deyḱ-",
"4": "",
"5": "to show, instruct, tell, point out, explain"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *deyḱ- (“to show, instruct, tell, point out, explain”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
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"2": "",
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},
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},
{
"args": {
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"3": "",
"4": "speak, say, tell"
},
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"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "δείκνυμι",
"3": "",
"4": "show, point out, explain, teach"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek δείκνυμι (deíknumi, “show, point out, explain, teach”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Causative in *-janą to *taik(k)ōną (see Proto-West Germanic *taigōn), from Proto-Indo-European *deyḱ- (“to show, instruct, tell, point out, explain”) + *-néh₂ti; the Germanic *k rather than expected *h or *g is thus due to Kluge's law. Cognate with Latin dīcō (“speak, say, tell”), Ancient Greek δείκνυμι (deíknumi, “show, point out, explain, teach”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
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]
},
{
"form": "gem-conj-wk1-j",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
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]
},
{
"form": "taikijō",
"source": "inflection",
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},
{
"form": "taikijaų",
"source": "inflection",
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"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
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]
},
{
"form": "taikijai",
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"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
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]
},
{
"form": "taikīsi",
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"active",
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]
},
{
"form": "taikijais",
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"active",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "taikī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
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"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "taikijasai",
"source": "inflection",
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"indicative",
"passive",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "taikijaisau",
"source": "inflection",
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"passive",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "taikīþi",
"source": "inflection",
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"active",
"indicative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "taikijai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "taikijaþau",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"imperative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "taikijaþai",
"source": "inflection",
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"indicative",
"passive",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "taikijaiþau",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"passive",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "taikijōs",
"source": "inflection",
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"active",
"dual",
"first-person",
"indicative"
]
},
{
"form": "taikijaiw",
"source": "inflection",
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"active",
"dual",
"first-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
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"active",
"dual",
"first-person",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
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"dual",
"first-person",
"indicative",
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
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"dual",
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"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "taikijaþiz",
"source": "inflection",
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"active",
"dual",
"indicative",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "taikijaiþiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"dual",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "taikijaþiz",
"source": "inflection",
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"active",
"dual",
"imperative",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
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"dual",
"indicative",
"passive",
"second-person"
]
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{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
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"dual",
"passive",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "taikijamaz",
"source": "inflection",
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"active",
"first-person",
"indicative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "taikijaim",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"imperative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "taikijanþai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"passive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "taikijainþau",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"passive",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "taikīþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "taikijaiþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "taikīþ",
"source": "inflection",
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},
{
"form": "taikijanþai",
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"plural",
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]
},
{
"form": "taikijainþau",
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"passive",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "taikijanþi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "taikijain",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "taikijanþau",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"imperative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "taikijanþai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"passive",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "taikijainþau",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"passive",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "taihtǭ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"indicative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "taihtēdį̄",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "taihtēz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "taihtēdīz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "taihtē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "taihtēdī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "taihtēdū",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"dual",
"first-person",
"indicative"
]
},
{
"form": "taihtēdīw",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"dual",
"first-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "taihtēdudiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"dual",
"indicative",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "taihtēdīdiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"dual",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "taihtēdum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"indicative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "taihtēdīm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "taihtēdud",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "taihtēdīd",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "taihtēdun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "taihtēdīn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "taikijandz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "taikidaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"participle",
"past",
"subjunctive"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "taik",
"j": "ij"
},
"name": "gem-conj-wk1-j"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/taikijaną",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "West Proto-Germanic",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "taikną"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to show, point out, demonstrate; to teach"
],
"id": "en-taikijaną-gem-pro-verb-Tok4FC6y",
"links": [
[
"show",
"show"
],
[
"point out",
"point out"
],
[
"demonstrate",
"demonstrate"
],
[
"teach",
"teach"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(West Germanic) to show, point out, demonstrate; to teach"
],
"related": [
{
"word": "taikōną"
},
{
"word": "tīhaną"
}
],
"tags": [
"Germanic",
"West",
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈtɑi̯.ki.jɑ.nɑ̃/"
}
],
"word": "taikijaną"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "taikną"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "teach"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "teich"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "teach"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "techen"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"word": "tǣċan"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Saterland Frisian",
"lang_code": "stq",
"raw_tags": [
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"uncertain"
],
"word": "tekend"
},
{
"lang": "Saterland Frisian",
"lang_code": "stq",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes",
"uncertain"
],
"word": "teekend"
}
],
"lang": "Old Frisian",
"lang_code": "ofs",
"word": "*tēka"
},
{
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"lang": "Saterland Frisian",
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],
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},
{
"lang": "Saterland Frisian",
"lang_code": "stq",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes",
"uncertain"
],
"word": "teekend"
}
],
"lang": "Old Frisian",
"lang_code": "ofs",
"word": "*tētza"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "German Low German",
"lang_code": "nds-de",
"word": "teken"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Low German",
"lang_code": "gml",
"raw_tags": [
"inherited",
"uncertain"
],
"word": "têken"
}
],
"lang": "Old Saxon",
"lang_code": "osx",
"word": "*tēkian"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Middle Dutch",
"lang_code": "dum",
"raw_tags": [
"inherited",
"uncertain"
],
"word": "teken"
}
],
"lang": "Old Dutch",
"lang_code": "odt",
"word": "*teiken"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"word": "*taikijan"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "ine-pro:*deyḱ-<id:to point out>",
"id": "to show"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*taigōn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *taigōn",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*deyḱ-",
"4": "",
"5": "to show, instruct, tell, point out, explain"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *deyḱ- (“to show, instruct, tell, point out, explain”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*-néh₂ti",
"nocat": "1"
},
"expansion": "+ *-néh₂ti",
"name": "suf"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "dīcō",
"3": "",
"4": "speak, say, tell"
},
"expansion": "Latin dīcō (“speak, say, tell”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "δείκνυμι",
"3": "",
"4": "show, point out, explain, teach"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek δείκνυμι (deíknumi, “show, point out, explain, teach”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Causative in *-janą to *taik(k)ōną (see Proto-West Germanic *taigōn), from Proto-Indo-European *deyḱ- (“to show, instruct, tell, point out, explain”) + *-néh₂ti; the Germanic *k rather than expected *h or *g is thus due to Kluge's law. Cognate with Latin dīcō (“speak, say, tell”), Ancient Greek δείκνυμι (deíknumi, “show, point out, explain, teach”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-conj-wk1-j",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "taikijō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"indicative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "taikijaų",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"imperative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "taikijai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"passive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"passive",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "taikīsi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "taikijais",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "taikī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "taikijasai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"passive",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "taikijaisau",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"passive",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "taikīþi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "taikijai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "taikijaþau",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"imperative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "taikijaþai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"passive",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "taikijaiþau",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"passive",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "taikijōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"dual",
"first-person",
"indicative"
]
},
{
"form": "taikijaiw",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"dual",
"first-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"dual",
"first-person",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"first-person",
"indicative",
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"first-person",
"passive",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "taikijaþiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"dual",
"indicative",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "taikijaiþiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"dual",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "taikijaþiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"dual",
"imperative",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"indicative",
"passive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"passive",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "taikijamaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"indicative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "taikijaim",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"imperative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "taikijanþai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"passive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "taikijainþau",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"passive",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "taikīþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "taikijaiþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "taikīþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"imperative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "taikijanþai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"passive",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "taikijainþau",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"passive",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "taikijanþi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "taikijain",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "taikijanþau",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"imperative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "taikijanþai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"passive",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "taikijainþau",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"passive",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "taihtǭ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"indicative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "taihtēdį̄",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "taihtēz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "taihtēdīz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "taihtē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "taihtēdī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "taihtēdū",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"dual",
"first-person",
"indicative"
]
},
{
"form": "taihtēdīw",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"dual",
"first-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "taihtēdudiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"dual",
"indicative",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "taihtēdīdiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"dual",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "taihtēdum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"indicative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "taihtēdīm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "taihtēdud",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "taihtēdīd",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "taihtēdun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "taihtēdīn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "taikijandz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "taikidaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"participle",
"past",
"subjunctive"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "taik",
"j": "ij"
},
"name": "gem-conj-wk1-j"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/taikijaną",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"word": "taikōną"
},
{
"word": "tīhaną"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Germanic class 1 weak j-present verbs",
"Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *deyḱ-",
"Proto-Germanic terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Germanic verbs",
"West Proto-Germanic"
],
"glosses": [
"to show, point out, demonstrate; to teach"
],
"links": [
[
"show",
"show"
],
[
"point out",
"point out"
],
[
"demonstrate",
"demonstrate"
],
[
"teach",
"teach"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(West Germanic) to show, point out, demonstrate; to teach"
],
"tags": [
"Germanic",
"West",
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈtɑi̯.ki.jɑ.nɑ̃/"
}
],
"word": "taikijaną"
}
Download raw JSONL data for taikijaną meaning in Proto-Germanic (10.3kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-10-07 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-10-01 using wiktextract (19bd8d3 and 1ab82da). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.