See swainaz in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*swain"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *swain",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *swain"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "swān"
},
"expansion": "Old English: swān",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old English: swān"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "swan",
"3": "swane",
"4": "swon",
"5": "swone"
},
"expansion": "Middle English: swan, swane, swon, swone",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle English: swan, swane, swon, swone"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "swēn"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: swēn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: swēn"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "swên",
"3": "swein"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German: swên, swein",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Low German: swên, swein"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "swein"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: swein",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: swein"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "swein"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German: swein",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle High German: swein"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Schwein",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "German: Schwein m",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "obsolete or dialectal"
},
"expansion": "(obsolete or dialectal)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "German: Schwein m (obsolete or dialectal)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "sveinn"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: sveinn\nIcelandic: sveinn\nFaroese: sveinur\nNorwegian Nynorsk: svein; (dialectal) sveidn\n→ Norwegian Bokmål: svein\nOld Swedish: svēn, svæn\nSwedish: sven\nOld Danish: swen\nDanish: svend\nNorwegian Bokmål: svenn\n→ Old English: sweġen\nMiddle English: swayn, sweine, sweyn, sueyn, swain, sweyn, swein, swaine, sweyne, swane\nEnglish: swain\nScots: swaine, swane",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: sveinn\nIcelandic: sveinn\nFaroese: sveinur\nNorwegian Nynorsk: svein; (dialectal) sveidn\n→ Norwegian Bokmål: svein\nOld Swedish: svēn, svæn\nSwedish: sven\nOld Danish: swen\nDanish: svend\nNorwegian Bokmål: svenn\n→ Old English: sweġen\nMiddle English: swayn, sweine, sweyn, sueyn, swain, sweyn, swein, swaine, sweyne, swane\nEnglish: swain\nScots: swaine, swane"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "smi-pro",
"2": "*svājnës",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Proto-Samic: *svājnës",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Proto-Samic: *svājnës (see there for further descendants)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*s(w)e-",
"t": "separate; apart; oneself; one's own"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *s(w)e- (“separate; apart; oneself; one's own”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Either from Proto-Indo-European *s(w)e- (“separate; apart; oneself; one's own”), or derived from *swīną (“pig, swine”), that is, a \"pig herder\" > \"young man, relative\". It is also possible that both derivations converged and conflated in the descendant languages.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "swainaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "swainōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "swainōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "swain",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "swainōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "swainōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "swainą",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "swainanz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "swainas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "swainis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "swainǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "swainai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "swainamaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "swainō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "swainamiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/swainaz",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"relative; kinsman"
],
"id": "en-swainaz-gem-pro-noun-kGQJaLUP",
"links": [
[
"relative",
"relative"
],
[
"kinsman",
"kinsman"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "13 74 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 81 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 91 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"young man"
],
"id": "en-swainaz-gem-pro-noun-3feBPnUu",
"links": [
[
"young",
"young"
],
[
"man",
"man"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"herder; herdsman, swineherd"
],
"id": "en-swainaz-gem-pro-noun-roWQCx2n",
"links": [
[
"herder",
"herder"
],
[
"herdsman",
"herdsman"
],
[
"swineherd",
"swineherd"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈswɑi̯.nɑz/"
}
],
"word": "swainaz"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Germanic a-stem nouns",
"Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-Germanic masculine nouns",
"Proto-Germanic nouns",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*swain"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *swain",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *swain"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "swān"
},
"expansion": "Old English: swān",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old English: swān"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "swan",
"3": "swane",
"4": "swon",
"5": "swone"
},
"expansion": "Middle English: swan, swane, swon, swone",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle English: swan, swane, swon, swone"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "swēn"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: swēn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: swēn"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "swên",
"3": "swein"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German: swên, swein",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Low German: swên, swein"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "swein"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: swein",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: swein"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "swein"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German: swein",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle High German: swein"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Schwein",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "German: Schwein m",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "obsolete or dialectal"
},
"expansion": "(obsolete or dialectal)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "German: Schwein m (obsolete or dialectal)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "sveinn"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: sveinn\nIcelandic: sveinn\nFaroese: sveinur\nNorwegian Nynorsk: svein; (dialectal) sveidn\n→ Norwegian Bokmål: svein\nOld Swedish: svēn, svæn\nSwedish: sven\nOld Danish: swen\nDanish: svend\nNorwegian Bokmål: svenn\n→ Old English: sweġen\nMiddle English: swayn, sweine, sweyn, sueyn, swain, sweyn, swein, swaine, sweyne, swane\nEnglish: swain\nScots: swaine, swane",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: sveinn\nIcelandic: sveinn\nFaroese: sveinur\nNorwegian Nynorsk: svein; (dialectal) sveidn\n→ Norwegian Bokmål: svein\nOld Swedish: svēn, svæn\nSwedish: sven\nOld Danish: swen\nDanish: svend\nNorwegian Bokmål: svenn\n→ Old English: sweġen\nMiddle English: swayn, sweine, sweyn, sueyn, swain, sweyn, swein, swaine, sweyne, swane\nEnglish: swain\nScots: swaine, swane"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "smi-pro",
"2": "*svājnës",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Proto-Samic: *svājnës",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Proto-Samic: *svājnës (see there for further descendants)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*s(w)e-",
"t": "separate; apart; oneself; one's own"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *s(w)e- (“separate; apart; oneself; one's own”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Either from Proto-Indo-European *s(w)e- (“separate; apart; oneself; one's own”), or derived from *swīną (“pig, swine”), that is, a \"pig herder\" > \"young man, relative\". It is also possible that both derivations converged and conflated in the descendant languages.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "swainaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "swainōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "swainōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "swain",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "swainōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "swainōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "swainą",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "swainanz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "swainas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "swainis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "swainǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "swainai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "swainamaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "swainō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "swainamiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/swainaz",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"relative; kinsman"
],
"links": [
[
"relative",
"relative"
],
[
"kinsman",
"kinsman"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"young man"
],
"links": [
[
"young",
"young"
],
[
"man",
"man"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"herder; herdsman, swineherd"
],
"links": [
[
"herder",
"herder"
],
[
"herdsman",
"herdsman"
],
[
"swineherd",
"swineherd"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈswɑi̯.nɑz/"
}
],
"word": "swainaz"
}
Download raw JSONL data for swainaz meaning in Proto-Germanic (5.5kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-25 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-20 using wiktextract (c15a5ce and 5c11237). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.