See surgō in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*sorgu"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *sorgu, *sworgu\nOld English: sorg, sorh\nMiddle English: sorȝe, sorwe, sorow\nEnglish: sorrow\nScots: sorow\nOld Frisian: sorge\nSaterland Frisian: Suurge, Sourge\nWest Frisian: soarch\nOld Saxon: sorga\nMiddle Low German: sorge\nLow German: Sorge, Soarge, Suarge, Suare, Sōerje (all Westphalian)\nPlautdietsch: Sorj\nOld Dutch: sorga\nMiddle Dutch: sorge, zorge, soorge\nDutch: zorg\nAfrikaans: sorg\nNegerhollands: sorg\nSranan Tongo: sorgu\n→ Caribbean Hindustani: sorgu\n→ Indonesian: rawat (semantic loan)\nOld High German: sworga, sorga\nMiddle High German: sorge\nGerman: Sorge\nLuxembourgish: Suerg\nYiddish: זאָרג (zorg)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *sorgu, *sworgu\nOld English: sorg, sorh\nMiddle English: sorȝe, sorwe, sorow\nEnglish: sorrow\nScots: sorow\nOld Frisian: sorge\nSaterland Frisian: Suurge, Sourge\nWest Frisian: soarch\nOld Saxon: sorga\nMiddle Low German: sorge\nLow German: Sorge, Soarge, Suarge, Suare, Sōerje (all Westphalian)\nPlautdietsch: Sorj\nOld Dutch: sorga\nMiddle Dutch: sorge, zorge, soorge\nDutch: zorg\nAfrikaans: sorg\nNegerhollands: sorg\nSranan Tongo: sorgu\n→ Caribbean Hindustani: sorgu\n→ Indonesian: rawat (semantic loan)\nOld High German: sworga, sorga\nMiddle High German: sorge\nGerman: Sorge\nLuxembourgish: Suerg\nYiddish: זאָרג (zorg)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "sorg"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: sorg\nIcelandic: sorg\nFaroese: sorg\nNorwegian Nynorsk: sorg\nNorwegian Bokmål: sorg\nOld Swedish: sorgh\nSwedish: sorg\nDanish: sorg",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: sorg\nIcelandic: sorg\nFaroese: sorg\nNorwegian Nynorsk: sorg\nNorwegian Bokmål: sorg\nOld Swedish: sorgh\nSwedish: sorg\nDanish: sorg"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐍃𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌲𐌰"
},
"expansion": "Gothic: 𐍃𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌲𐌰 (saurga)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gothic: 𐍃𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌲𐌰 (saurga)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "*surku",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Proto-Finnic: *surku",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Proto-Finnic: *surku (see there for further descendants)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*swergʰ-",
"t": "to watch over, worry; be ill, suffer"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *swergʰ- (“to watch over, worry; be ill, suffer”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "sirgti",
"3": "sir̃gti",
"4": "to be ill, be sick"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian sir̃gti (“to be ill, be sick”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "srogi",
"t": "stern, severe, harsh"
},
"expansion": "Polish srogi (“stern, severe, harsh”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "serg",
"t": "sickness, disease"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish serg (“sickness, disease”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From earlier *swurgō, from Proto-Indo-European *swergʰ- (“to watch over, worry; be ill, suffer”). Cognate with Lithuanian sir̃gti (“to be ill, be sick”), Polish srogi (“stern, severe, harsh”), Old Irish serg (“sickness, disease”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ō-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "surgō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "surgôz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "surgō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "surgôz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "surgǭ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "surgōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "surgōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "surgǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "surgōi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "surgōmaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "surgō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "surgōmiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/surgō",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Lithuanian links with redundant target parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant target parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "surgāną"
},
{
"word": "surgijaną"
}
],
"glosses": [
"worry, care, sorrow"
],
"id": "en-surgō-gem-pro-noun-tRrtwG45",
"links": [
[
"worry",
"worry"
],
[
"care",
"care"
],
[
"sorrow",
"sorrow"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "swurgō"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
]
}
],
"word": "surgō"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "surgāną"
},
{
"word": "surgijaną"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*sorgu"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *sorgu, *sworgu\nOld English: sorg, sorh\nMiddle English: sorȝe, sorwe, sorow\nEnglish: sorrow\nScots: sorow\nOld Frisian: sorge\nSaterland Frisian: Suurge, Sourge\nWest Frisian: soarch\nOld Saxon: sorga\nMiddle Low German: sorge\nLow German: Sorge, Soarge, Suarge, Suare, Sōerje (all Westphalian)\nPlautdietsch: Sorj\nOld Dutch: sorga\nMiddle Dutch: sorge, zorge, soorge\nDutch: zorg\nAfrikaans: sorg\nNegerhollands: sorg\nSranan Tongo: sorgu\n→ Caribbean Hindustani: sorgu\n→ Indonesian: rawat (semantic loan)\nOld High German: sworga, sorga\nMiddle High German: sorge\nGerman: Sorge\nLuxembourgish: Suerg\nYiddish: זאָרג (zorg)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *sorgu, *sworgu\nOld English: sorg, sorh\nMiddle English: sorȝe, sorwe, sorow\nEnglish: sorrow\nScots: sorow\nOld Frisian: sorge\nSaterland Frisian: Suurge, Sourge\nWest Frisian: soarch\nOld Saxon: sorga\nMiddle Low German: sorge\nLow German: Sorge, Soarge, Suarge, Suare, Sōerje (all Westphalian)\nPlautdietsch: Sorj\nOld Dutch: sorga\nMiddle Dutch: sorge, zorge, soorge\nDutch: zorg\nAfrikaans: sorg\nNegerhollands: sorg\nSranan Tongo: sorgu\n→ Caribbean Hindustani: sorgu\n→ Indonesian: rawat (semantic loan)\nOld High German: sworga, sorga\nMiddle High German: sorge\nGerman: Sorge\nLuxembourgish: Suerg\nYiddish: זאָרג (zorg)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "sorg"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: sorg\nIcelandic: sorg\nFaroese: sorg\nNorwegian Nynorsk: sorg\nNorwegian Bokmål: sorg\nOld Swedish: sorgh\nSwedish: sorg\nDanish: sorg",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: sorg\nIcelandic: sorg\nFaroese: sorg\nNorwegian Nynorsk: sorg\nNorwegian Bokmål: sorg\nOld Swedish: sorgh\nSwedish: sorg\nDanish: sorg"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐍃𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌲𐌰"
},
"expansion": "Gothic: 𐍃𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌲𐌰 (saurga)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gothic: 𐍃𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌲𐌰 (saurga)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "*surku",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Proto-Finnic: *surku",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Proto-Finnic: *surku (see there for further descendants)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*swergʰ-",
"t": "to watch over, worry; be ill, suffer"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *swergʰ- (“to watch over, worry; be ill, suffer”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "sirgti",
"3": "sir̃gti",
"4": "to be ill, be sick"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian sir̃gti (“to be ill, be sick”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "srogi",
"t": "stern, severe, harsh"
},
"expansion": "Polish srogi (“stern, severe, harsh”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "serg",
"t": "sickness, disease"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish serg (“sickness, disease”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From earlier *swurgō, from Proto-Indo-European *swergʰ- (“to watch over, worry; be ill, suffer”). Cognate with Lithuanian sir̃gti (“to be ill, be sick”), Polish srogi (“stern, severe, harsh”), Old Irish serg (“sickness, disease”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ō-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "surgō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "surgôz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "surgō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "surgôz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "surgǭ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "surgōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "surgōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "surgǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "surgōi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "surgōmaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "surgō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "surgōmiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/surgō",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Lithuanian links with redundant target parameters",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Germanic feminine nouns",
"Proto-Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-Germanic nouns",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Germanic ō-stem nouns"
],
"glosses": [
"worry, care, sorrow"
],
"links": [
[
"worry",
"worry"
],
[
"care",
"care"
],
[
"sorrow",
"sorrow"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "swurgō"
}
],
"word": "surgō"
}
Download raw JSONL data for surgō meaning in Proto-Germanic (5.2kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (d8cb2f3 and 4e554ae). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.