See stunōną in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{ "descendants": [ { "depth": 1, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "gmw-pro", "2": "*stunōn" }, "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *stunōn\nOld English: stunian\nMiddle English: stunien, stonien, stunen\nScots: stun, stound, stony\nEnglish: stun, stound, astonish\nOld Saxon: *stunōn\nMiddle Low German: stōnen, stȫnen (latter merged with stēnen)\nDutch Low Saxon: steunen\nGerman Low German: stöhnen\n→ German: stöhnen\nOld Dutch: *stunōn, *stonōn\nMiddle Dutch: stōnen\nDutch: steunen (merged with Middle Dutch stēnen)\nOld High German: *stunōn\nMiddle High German: stunen, stunden\n→ Vulgar Latin: *stunō (alternatively from Latin *extonō, see there for further descendants)", "name": "desctree" } ], "text": "Proto-West Germanic: *stunōn\nOld English: stunian\nMiddle English: stunien, stonien, stunen\nScots: stun, stound, stony\nEnglish: stun, stound, astonish\nOld Saxon: *stunōn\nMiddle Low German: stōnen, stȫnen (latter merged with stēnen)\nDutch Low Saxon: steunen\nGerman Low German: stöhnen\n→ German: stöhnen\nOld Dutch: *stunōn, *stonōn\nMiddle Dutch: stōnen\nDutch: steunen (merged with Middle Dutch stēnen)\nOld High German: *stunōn\nMiddle High German: stunen, stunden\n→ Vulgar Latin: *stunō (alternatively from Latin *extonō, see there for further descendants)" } ], "etymology_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "gem-pro", "2": "ine-pro", "3": "*(s)ten-", "4": "", "5": "to thunder, rustle, rumble, drone, groan" }, "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(s)ten- (“to thunder, rustle, rumble, drone, groan”)", "name": "der" } ], "etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *(s)ten- (“to thunder, rustle, rumble, drone, groan”).", "forms": [ { "form": "weak", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "table-tags" ] }, { "form": "gem-conj-wk2", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "inflection-template" ] }, { "form": "2", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "class" ] }, { "form": "stunō", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "first-person", "indicative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "stunǭ", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "first-person", "singular", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "-", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "first-person", "imperative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "stunōi", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "first-person", "indicative", "passive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "first-person", "passive", "singular", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "stunōsi", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "indicative", "second-person", "singular" ] }, { "form": "stunōs", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "second-person", "singular", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "stunō", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "imperative", "second-person", "singular" ] }, { "form": "stunōsai", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "indicative", "passive", "second-person", "singular" ] }, { "form": "stunōsau", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "passive", "second-person", "singular", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "stunōþi", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "indicative", "singular", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "stunō", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "singular", "subjunctive", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "stunōþau", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "imperative", "singular", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "stunōþai", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "indicative", "passive", "singular", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "stunōþau", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "passive", "singular", "subjunctive", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "stunōs", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "dual", "first-person", "indicative" ] }, { "form": "stunōw", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "dual", "first-person", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "-", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "dual", "first-person", "imperative" ] }, { "form": "-", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "dual", "first-person", "indicative", "passive" ] }, { "form": "-", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "dual", "first-person", "passive", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "stunōþiz", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "dual", "indicative", "second-person" ] }, { "form": "stunōþiz", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "dual", "second-person", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "stunōþiz", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "dual", "imperative", "second-person" ] }, { "form": "-", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "dual", "indicative", "passive", "second-person" ] }, { "form": "-", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "dual", "passive", "second-person", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "stunōmaz", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "first-person", "indicative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "stunōm", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "first-person", "plural", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "-", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "first-person", "imperative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "stunōnþai", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "first-person", "indicative", "passive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "stunōnþau", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "first-person", "passive", "plural", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "stunōþ", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "indicative", "plural", "second-person" ] }, { "form": "stunōþ", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "plural", "second-person", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "stunōþ", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "imperative", "plural", "second-person" ] }, { "form": "stunōnþai", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "indicative", "passive", "plural", "second-person" ] }, { "form": "stunōnþau", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "passive", "plural", "second-person", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "stunōnþi", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "indicative", "plural", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "stunōn", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "plural", "subjunctive", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "stunōnþau", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "imperative", "plural", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "stunōnþai", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "indicative", "passive", "plural", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "stunōnþau", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "passive", "plural", "subjunctive", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "stunōdǭ", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "first-person", "indicative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "stunōdēdį̄", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "first-person", "singular", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "stunōdēz", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "indicative", "second-person", "singular" ] }, { "form": "stunōdēdīz", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "second-person", "singular", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "stunōdē", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "indicative", "singular", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "stunōdēdī", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "singular", "subjunctive", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "stunōdēdū", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "dual", "first-person", "indicative" ] }, { "form": "stunōdēdīw", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "dual", "first-person", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "stunōdēdudiz", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "dual", "indicative", "second-person" ] }, { "form": "stunōdēdīdiz", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "dual", "second-person", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "stunōdēdum", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "first-person", "indicative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "stunōdēdīm", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "first-person", "plural", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "stunōdēdud", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "indicative", "plural", "second-person" ] }, { "form": "stunōdēdīd", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "plural", "second-person", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "stunōdēdun", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "indicative", "plural", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "stunōdēdīn", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "plural", "subjunctive", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "stunōndz", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "participle", "present" ] }, { "form": "stunōdaz", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "participle", "past", "subjunctive" ] } ], "inflection_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "stun" }, "name": "gem-conj-wk2" } ], "lang": "Proto-Germanic", "lang_code": "gem-pro", "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/stunōną", "pos": "verb", "related": [ { "_dis1": "0 0 0", "word": "stanjaną" }, { "_dis1": "0 0 0", "word": "stenaną" }, { "_dis1": "0 0 0", "word": "stuniz" }, { "_dis1": "0 0 0", "word": "stunjaną" } ], "senses": [ { "categories": [ { "kind": "other", "name": "West Proto-Germanic", "parents": [], "source": "w" }, { "_dis": "29 35 36", "kind": "other", "name": "Pages with 1 entry", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "28 36 36", "kind": "other", "name": "Pages with entries", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "27 36 36", "kind": "other", "name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header", "parents": [ "Entries with incorrect language header", "Entry maintenance" ], "source": "w+disamb" } ], "glosses": [ "to make a loud sound; crash" ], "id": "en-stunōną-gem-pro-verb-g0TwxNnh", "links": [ [ "sound", "sound" ], [ "crash", "crash" ] ], "raw_glosses": [ "(West Germanic) to make a loud sound; crash" ], "tags": [ "Germanic", "West", "reconstruction" ] }, { "categories": [ { "kind": "other", "name": "West Proto-Germanic", "parents": [], "source": "w" }, { "_dis": "29 35 36", "kind": "other", "name": "Pages with 1 entry", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "28 36 36", "kind": "other", "name": "Pages with entries", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "27 36 36", "kind": "other", "name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header", "parents": [ "Entries with incorrect language header", "Entry maintenance" ], "source": "w+disamb" } ], "glosses": [ "to thunder, rumble" ], "id": "en-stunōną-gem-pro-verb-g0zUdWl0", "links": [ [ "thunder", "thunder" ], [ "rumble", "rumble" ] ], "raw_glosses": [ "(West Germanic) to thunder, rumble" ], "tags": [ "Germanic", "West", "reconstruction" ] }, { "categories": [ { "kind": "other", "name": "West Proto-Germanic", "parents": [], "source": "w" }, { "_dis": "29 35 36", "kind": "other", "name": "Pages with 1 entry", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "28 36 36", "kind": "other", "name": "Pages with entries", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "27 36 36", "kind": "other", "name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header", "parents": [ "Entries with incorrect language header", "Entry maintenance" ], "source": "w+disamb" } ], "glosses": [ "to groan, moan" ], "id": "en-stunōną-gem-pro-verb-SSahpy1i", "links": [ [ "groan", "groan" ], [ "moan", "moan" ] ], "raw_glosses": [ "(West Germanic) to groan, moan" ], "tags": [ "Germanic", "West", "reconstruction" ] } ], "sounds": [ { "ipa": "/ˈstu.nɔː.nɑ̃/" } ], "word": "stunōną" }
{ "categories": [ "Pages with 1 entry", "Pages with entries", "Proto-Germanic class 2 weak verbs", "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header", "Proto-Germanic lemmas", "Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European", "Proto-Germanic verbs" ], "descendants": [ { "depth": 1, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "gmw-pro", "2": "*stunōn" }, "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *stunōn\nOld English: stunian\nMiddle English: stunien, stonien, stunen\nScots: stun, stound, stony\nEnglish: stun, stound, astonish\nOld Saxon: *stunōn\nMiddle Low German: stōnen, stȫnen (latter merged with stēnen)\nDutch Low Saxon: steunen\nGerman Low German: stöhnen\n→ German: stöhnen\nOld Dutch: *stunōn, *stonōn\nMiddle Dutch: stōnen\nDutch: steunen (merged with Middle Dutch stēnen)\nOld High German: *stunōn\nMiddle High German: stunen, stunden\n→ Vulgar Latin: *stunō (alternatively from Latin *extonō, see there for further descendants)", "name": "desctree" } ], "text": "Proto-West Germanic: *stunōn\nOld English: stunian\nMiddle English: stunien, stonien, stunen\nScots: stun, stound, stony\nEnglish: stun, stound, astonish\nOld Saxon: *stunōn\nMiddle Low German: stōnen, stȫnen (latter merged with stēnen)\nDutch Low Saxon: steunen\nGerman Low German: stöhnen\n→ German: stöhnen\nOld Dutch: *stunōn, *stonōn\nMiddle Dutch: stōnen\nDutch: steunen (merged with Middle Dutch stēnen)\nOld High German: *stunōn\nMiddle High German: stunen, stunden\n→ Vulgar Latin: *stunō (alternatively from Latin *extonō, see there for further descendants)" } ], "etymology_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "gem-pro", "2": "ine-pro", "3": "*(s)ten-", "4": "", "5": "to thunder, rustle, rumble, drone, groan" }, "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(s)ten- (“to thunder, rustle, rumble, drone, groan”)", "name": "der" } ], "etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *(s)ten- (“to thunder, rustle, rumble, drone, groan”).", "forms": [ { "form": "weak", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "table-tags" ] }, { "form": "gem-conj-wk2", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "inflection-template" ] }, { "form": "2", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "class" ] }, { "form": "stunō", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "first-person", "indicative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "stunǭ", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "first-person", "singular", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "-", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "first-person", "imperative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "stunōi", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "first-person", "indicative", "passive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "first-person", "passive", "singular", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "stunōsi", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "indicative", "second-person", "singular" ] }, { "form": "stunōs", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "second-person", "singular", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "stunō", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "imperative", "second-person", "singular" ] }, { "form": "stunōsai", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "indicative", "passive", "second-person", "singular" ] }, { "form": "stunōsau", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "passive", "second-person", "singular", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "stunōþi", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "indicative", "singular", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "stunō", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "singular", "subjunctive", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "stunōþau", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "imperative", "singular", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "stunōþai", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "indicative", "passive", "singular", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "stunōþau", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "passive", "singular", "subjunctive", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "stunōs", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "dual", "first-person", "indicative" ] }, { "form": "stunōw", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "dual", "first-person", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "-", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "dual", "first-person", "imperative" ] }, { "form": "-", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "dual", "first-person", "indicative", "passive" ] }, { "form": "-", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "dual", "first-person", "passive", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "stunōþiz", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "dual", "indicative", "second-person" ] }, { "form": "stunōþiz", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "dual", "second-person", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "stunōþiz", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "dual", "imperative", "second-person" ] }, { "form": "-", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "dual", "indicative", "passive", "second-person" ] }, { "form": "-", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "dual", "passive", "second-person", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "stunōmaz", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "first-person", "indicative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "stunōm", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "first-person", "plural", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "-", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "first-person", "imperative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "stunōnþai", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "first-person", "indicative", "passive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "stunōnþau", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "first-person", "passive", "plural", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "stunōþ", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "indicative", "plural", "second-person" ] }, { "form": "stunōþ", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "plural", "second-person", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "stunōþ", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "imperative", "plural", "second-person" ] }, { "form": "stunōnþai", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "indicative", "passive", "plural", "second-person" ] }, { "form": "stunōnþau", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "passive", "plural", "second-person", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "stunōnþi", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "indicative", "plural", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "stunōn", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "plural", "subjunctive", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "stunōnþau", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "imperative", "plural", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "stunōnþai", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "indicative", "passive", "plural", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "stunōnþau", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "passive", "plural", "subjunctive", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "stunōdǭ", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "first-person", "indicative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "stunōdēdį̄", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "first-person", "singular", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "stunōdēz", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "indicative", "second-person", "singular" ] }, { "form": "stunōdēdīz", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "second-person", "singular", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "stunōdē", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "indicative", "singular", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "stunōdēdī", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "singular", "subjunctive", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "stunōdēdū", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "dual", "first-person", "indicative" ] }, { "form": "stunōdēdīw", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "dual", "first-person", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "stunōdēdudiz", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "dual", "indicative", "second-person" ] }, { "form": "stunōdēdīdiz", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "dual", "second-person", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "stunōdēdum", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "first-person", "indicative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "stunōdēdīm", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "first-person", "plural", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "stunōdēdud", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "indicative", "plural", "second-person" ] }, { "form": "stunōdēdīd", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "plural", "second-person", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "stunōdēdun", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "indicative", "plural", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "stunōdēdīn", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "plural", "subjunctive", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "stunōndz", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "participle", "present" ] }, { "form": "stunōdaz", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "participle", "past", "subjunctive" ] } ], "inflection_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "stun" }, "name": "gem-conj-wk2" } ], "lang": "Proto-Germanic", "lang_code": "gem-pro", "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/stunōną", "pos": "verb", "related": [ { "word": "stanjaną" }, { "word": "stenaną" }, { "word": "stuniz" }, { "word": "stunjaną" } ], "senses": [ { "categories": [ "West Proto-Germanic" ], "glosses": [ "to make a loud sound; crash" ], "links": [ [ "sound", "sound" ], [ "crash", "crash" ] ], "raw_glosses": [ "(West Germanic) to make a loud sound; crash" ], "tags": [ "Germanic", "West", "reconstruction" ] }, { "categories": [ "West Proto-Germanic" ], "glosses": [ "to thunder, rumble" ], "links": [ [ "thunder", "thunder" ], [ "rumble", "rumble" ] ], "raw_glosses": [ "(West Germanic) to thunder, rumble" ], "tags": [ "Germanic", "West", "reconstruction" ] }, { "categories": [ "West Proto-Germanic" ], "glosses": [ "to groan, moan" ], "links": [ [ "groan", "groan" ], [ "moan", "moan" ] ], "raw_glosses": [ "(West Germanic) to groan, moan" ], "tags": [ "Germanic", "West", "reconstruction" ] } ], "sounds": [ { "ipa": "/ˈstu.nɔː.nɑ̃/" } ], "word": "stunōną" }
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This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-28 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-11-21 using wiktextract (65a6e81 and 0dbea76). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
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