See spīkraz in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*spīkr",
"3": "*spīkrī"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *spīkr, *spīkrī",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *spīkr, *spīkrī"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "*spīker"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian: *spīker",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Frisian: *spīker"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "Spieker"
},
"expansion": "Saterland Frisian: Spieker",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Saterland Frisian: Spieker"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "spiker"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian: spiker",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "West Frisian: spiker"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "*spīkar",
"3": "*spīkari"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: *spīkar, *spīkari",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: *spīkar, *spīkari"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "spîkære",
"3": "spîker"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German: spîkære, spîker",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Low German: spîkære, spîker"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nds-de",
"2": "Spieker"
},
"expansion": "German Low German: Spieker",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German Low German: Spieker"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "spiger",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Danish: spiger",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Danish: spiger"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "spiker",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Norwegian: spiker",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Norwegian: spiker"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fo",
"2": "spíkari",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Faroese: spíkari",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Faroese: spíkari"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "spîkærenāgel",
"3": "spîkernāgel",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Middle Low German: spîkærenāgel, spîkernāgel",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Middle Low German: spîkærenāgel, spîkernāgel"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nds-de",
"2": "Spiekernagel"
},
"expansion": "German Low German: Spiekernagel",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German Low German: Spiekernagel"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "*spīkari",
"3": "spīkere"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: *spīkari, spīkere",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: *spīkari, spīkere"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "spiker"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch: spiker",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Dutch: spiker"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "spijker"
},
"expansion": "Dutch: spijker",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Dutch: spijker"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "*spīhhar",
"3": "*spīhhari"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: *spīhhar, *spīhhari",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: *spīhhar, *spīhhari"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "spīchære",
"3": "spīcher",
"4": "spicher"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German: spīchære, spīcher, spicher",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle High German: spīchære, spīcher, spicher"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Speicher"
},
"expansion": "German: Speicher",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German: Speicher"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "spīchærenagel",
"3": "spīchernagel",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Middle High German: spīchærenagel, spīchernagel",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Middle High German: spīchærenagel, spīchernagel"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Speichernagel"
},
"expansion": "German: Speichernagel",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German: Speichernagel"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "spíkr"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: spíkr",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*spīkaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *spīkaz",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "merged with descendant of Proto-Germanic <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"gem-pro\">*spīkaz</i>"
},
"expansion": "(merged with descendant of Proto-Germanic *spīkaz)",
"name": "gl"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: spíkr (merged with descendant of Proto-Germanic *spīkaz)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "spíkur"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic: spíkur",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Icelandic: spíkur"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-osw",
"2": "spīker"
},
"expansion": "Old Swedish: spīker",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Swedish: spīker"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "spik"
},
"expansion": "Swedish: spik",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Swedish: spik"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "spig"
},
"expansion": "Danish: spig",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Danish: spig"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*spey-",
"t": "long, sharp"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *spey- (“long, sharp”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *spey- (“long, sharp”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun-a-m",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "spīkraz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "spīkrōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "spīkr",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "spīkrōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "spīkrą",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "spīkranz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "spīkras",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-is",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "spīkrǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "spīkrai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "spīkramaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "spīkrō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "spīkramiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "spīkr"
},
"name": "gem-decl-noun-a-m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "*spīkraz",
"10": "spīkrǫ̂",
"11": "spīkramaz",
"12": "spīkramiz",
"2": "*spīkr",
"3": "*spīkrą",
"4": "*spīkras, -is",
"5": "*spīkrai",
"6": "*spīkrō",
"7": "spīkrōz, -ōs",
"8": "spīkrōz, -ōs",
"9": "spīkranz",
"title": "*spīkraz (a-stem)"
},
"name": "gem-decl-noun-table"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/spīkraz",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"nail, spike"
],
"id": "en-spīkraz-gem-pro-noun-3emVj3Yj",
"links": [
[
"nail",
"nail"
],
[
"spike",
"spike"
]
],
"related": [
{
"word": "spaikō"
},
{
"word": "spīkaz"
},
{
"word": "spīkō"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "spīkrijaz"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "spīkraz"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*spīkr",
"3": "*spīkrī"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *spīkr, *spīkrī",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *spīkr, *spīkrī"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "*spīker"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian: *spīker",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Frisian: *spīker"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "Spieker"
},
"expansion": "Saterland Frisian: Spieker",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Saterland Frisian: Spieker"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "spiker"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian: spiker",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "West Frisian: spiker"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "*spīkar",
"3": "*spīkari"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: *spīkar, *spīkari",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: *spīkar, *spīkari"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "spîkære",
"3": "spîker"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German: spîkære, spîker",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Low German: spîkære, spîker"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nds-de",
"2": "Spieker"
},
"expansion": "German Low German: Spieker",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German Low German: Spieker"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "spiger",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Danish: spiger",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Danish: spiger"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "spiker",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Norwegian: spiker",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Norwegian: spiker"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fo",
"2": "spíkari",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Faroese: spíkari",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Faroese: spíkari"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "spîkærenāgel",
"3": "spîkernāgel",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Middle Low German: spîkærenāgel, spîkernāgel",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Middle Low German: spîkærenāgel, spîkernāgel"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nds-de",
"2": "Spiekernagel"
},
"expansion": "German Low German: Spiekernagel",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German Low German: Spiekernagel"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "*spīkari",
"3": "spīkere"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: *spīkari, spīkere",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: *spīkari, spīkere"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "spiker"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch: spiker",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Dutch: spiker"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "spijker"
},
"expansion": "Dutch: spijker",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Dutch: spijker"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "*spīhhar",
"3": "*spīhhari"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: *spīhhar, *spīhhari",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: *spīhhar, *spīhhari"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "spīchære",
"3": "spīcher",
"4": "spicher"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German: spīchære, spīcher, spicher",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle High German: spīchære, spīcher, spicher"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Speicher"
},
"expansion": "German: Speicher",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German: Speicher"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "spīchærenagel",
"3": "spīchernagel",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Middle High German: spīchærenagel, spīchernagel",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Middle High German: spīchærenagel, spīchernagel"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Speichernagel"
},
"expansion": "German: Speichernagel",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German: Speichernagel"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "spíkr"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: spíkr",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*spīkaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *spīkaz",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "merged with descendant of Proto-Germanic <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"gem-pro\">*spīkaz</i>"
},
"expansion": "(merged with descendant of Proto-Germanic *spīkaz)",
"name": "gl"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: spíkr (merged with descendant of Proto-Germanic *spīkaz)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "spíkur"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic: spíkur",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Icelandic: spíkur"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-osw",
"2": "spīker"
},
"expansion": "Old Swedish: spīker",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Swedish: spīker"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "spik"
},
"expansion": "Swedish: spik",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Swedish: spik"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "spig"
},
"expansion": "Danish: spig",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Danish: spig"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*spey-",
"t": "long, sharp"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *spey- (“long, sharp”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *spey- (“long, sharp”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun-a-m",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "spīkraz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "spīkrōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "spīkr",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "spīkrōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "spīkrą",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "spīkranz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "spīkras",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-is",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "spīkrǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "spīkrai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "spīkramaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "spīkrō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "spīkramiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "spīkr"
},
"name": "gem-decl-noun-a-m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "*spīkraz",
"10": "spīkrǫ̂",
"11": "spīkramaz",
"12": "spīkramiz",
"2": "*spīkr",
"3": "*spīkrą",
"4": "*spīkras, -is",
"5": "*spīkrai",
"6": "*spīkrō",
"7": "spīkrōz, -ōs",
"8": "spīkrōz, -ōs",
"9": "spīkranz",
"title": "*spīkraz (a-stem)"
},
"name": "gem-decl-noun-table"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/spīkraz",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "spaikō"
},
{
"word": "spīkaz"
},
{
"word": "spīkō"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Proto-Germanic a-stem nouns",
"Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-Germanic masculine nouns",
"Proto-Germanic nouns",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European"
],
"glosses": [
"nail, spike"
],
"links": [
[
"nail",
"nail"
],
[
"spike",
"spike"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "spīkrijaz"
}
],
"word": "spīkraz"
}
Download raw JSONL data for spīkraz meaning in Proto-Germanic (7.4kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-09-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-08-20 using wiktextract (8e41825 and f99c758). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.