See spīkō in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*spīku"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *spīku",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *spīku"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "*spīka"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: *spīka",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: *spīka"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "*spike",
"3": "*spijk"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch: *spike, *spijk",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Dutch: *spike, *spijk"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "spijk",
"qq": "dialectal"
},
"expansion": "Dutch: spijk (dialectal)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Dutch: spijk (dialectal)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*spīking",
"der": "1",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Proto-West Germanic: *spīking m",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Proto-West Germanic: *spīking m"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "spīcing"
},
"expansion": "Old English: spīcing\nMiddle English: spikyng, spykyng\nEnglish: spiking (dialectal)\nScots: spyking, spikyn",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old English: spīcing\nMiddle English: spikyng, spykyng\nEnglish: spiking (dialectal)\nScots: spyking, spikyn"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "*spīking"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: *spīking",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: *spīking"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "spikinc"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch: spikinc",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Dutch: spikinc"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "spijking"
},
"expansion": "Dutch: spijking",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Dutch: spijking"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "spík"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: spík",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: spík"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "spík"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic: spík",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Icelandic: spík"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-osw",
"2": "spīk"
},
"expansion": "Old Swedish: spīk",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*spīkaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *spīkaz",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "merged with descendant of Proto-Germanic <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"gem-pro\">*spīkaz</i>"
},
"expansion": "(merged with descendant of Proto-Germanic *spīkaz)",
"name": "gl"
}
],
"text": "Old Swedish: spīk (merged with descendant of Proto-Germanic *spīkaz)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "spik"
},
"expansion": "Swedish: spik",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Swedish: spik"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "spig"
},
"expansion": "Danish: spig",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*spīkaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *spīkaz",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "merged with descendant of Proto-Germanic <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"gem-pro\">*spīkaz</i>"
},
"expansion": "(merged with descendant of Proto-Germanic *spīkaz)",
"name": "gl"
}
],
"text": "Danish: spig (merged with descendant of Proto-Germanic *spīkaz)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "spike",
"3": "spyk",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Middle English: spike, spyk",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Middle English: spike, spyk"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "spike"
},
"expansion": "English: spike",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: spike"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "spike"
},
"expansion": "Scots: spike",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: spike"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "spīcus",
"t": "pin"
},
"expansion": "Latin spīcus (“pin”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*speyg-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *speyg-",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Orel notes similarities to Latin spīcus (“pin”); the word seems to derive from Proto-Indo-European *speyg-, a *g-extension of *spey- (“long, sharp”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ō-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "spīkō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "spīkôz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "spīkō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "spīkôz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "spīkǭ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "spīkōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "spīkōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "spīkǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "spīkōi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "spīkōmaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "spīkō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "spīkōmiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/spīkō",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a large nail, spike"
],
"id": "en-spīkō-gem-pro-noun-M0IFbex3",
"links": [
[
"large",
"large"
],
[
"nail",
"nail"
],
[
"spike",
"spike"
]
],
"related": [
{
"word": "spaikō"
},
{
"word": "spitō"
},
{
"word": "spīkaz"
},
{
"word": "spīkraz"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "spīkō"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*spīku"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *spīku",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *spīku"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "*spīka"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: *spīka",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: *spīka"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "*spike",
"3": "*spijk"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch: *spike, *spijk",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Dutch: *spike, *spijk"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "spijk",
"qq": "dialectal"
},
"expansion": "Dutch: spijk (dialectal)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Dutch: spijk (dialectal)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*spīking",
"der": "1",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Proto-West Germanic: *spīking m",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Proto-West Germanic: *spīking m"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "spīcing"
},
"expansion": "Old English: spīcing\nMiddle English: spikyng, spykyng\nEnglish: spiking (dialectal)\nScots: spyking, spikyn",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old English: spīcing\nMiddle English: spikyng, spykyng\nEnglish: spiking (dialectal)\nScots: spyking, spikyn"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "*spīking"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: *spīking",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: *spīking"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "spikinc"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch: spikinc",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Dutch: spikinc"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "spijking"
},
"expansion": "Dutch: spijking",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Dutch: spijking"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "spík"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: spík",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: spík"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "spík"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic: spík",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Icelandic: spík"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-osw",
"2": "spīk"
},
"expansion": "Old Swedish: spīk",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*spīkaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *spīkaz",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "merged with descendant of Proto-Germanic <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"gem-pro\">*spīkaz</i>"
},
"expansion": "(merged with descendant of Proto-Germanic *spīkaz)",
"name": "gl"
}
],
"text": "Old Swedish: spīk (merged with descendant of Proto-Germanic *spīkaz)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "spik"
},
"expansion": "Swedish: spik",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Swedish: spik"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "spig"
},
"expansion": "Danish: spig",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*spīkaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *spīkaz",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "merged with descendant of Proto-Germanic <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"gem-pro\">*spīkaz</i>"
},
"expansion": "(merged with descendant of Proto-Germanic *spīkaz)",
"name": "gl"
}
],
"text": "Danish: spig (merged with descendant of Proto-Germanic *spīkaz)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "spike",
"3": "spyk",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Middle English: spike, spyk",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Middle English: spike, spyk"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "spike"
},
"expansion": "English: spike",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: spike"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "spike"
},
"expansion": "Scots: spike",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: spike"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "spīcus",
"t": "pin"
},
"expansion": "Latin spīcus (“pin”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*speyg-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *speyg-",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Orel notes similarities to Latin spīcus (“pin”); the word seems to derive from Proto-Indo-European *speyg-, a *g-extension of *spey- (“long, sharp”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ō-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "spīkō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "spīkôz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "spīkō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "spīkôz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "spīkǭ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "spīkōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "spīkōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "spīkǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "spīkōi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "spīkōmaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "spīkō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "spīkōmiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/spīkō",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "spaikō"
},
{
"word": "spitō"
},
{
"word": "spīkaz"
},
{
"word": "spīkraz"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Germanic feminine nouns",
"Proto-Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-Germanic nouns",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Germanic ō-stem nouns"
],
"glosses": [
"a large nail, spike"
],
"links": [
[
"large",
"large"
],
[
"nail",
"nail"
],
[
"spike",
"spike"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "spīkō"
}
Download raw JSONL data for spīkō meaning in Proto-Germanic (5.8kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (d8cb2f3 and 4e554ae). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.