See skuldiz in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "skuldīgaz"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "skuldigōną"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "skuldōną"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*skuldi"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *skuldi\nOld English: sċyld, sċyldu\nMiddle English: schuld, shild\nEnglish: shild\nOld Frisian: skeld\nNorth Frisian: schild\nSaterland Frisian: Skeeld\nOld Saxon: *skuld, sculd\nMiddle Low German: schuld, schülde\nGerman Low German: Schuld, Schüld\nOld Dutch: skult\nMiddle Dutch: scult, scout\nDutch: schuld\nAfrikaans: skuld\nOld High German: *skuld, sculd, scult, sculda, sculta\nMiddle High German: schult, schulde\nGerman: Schuld\n→ Esperanto: ŝuldo\nLuxembourgish: Schold\nYiddish: שולד (shuld)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *skuldi\nOld English: sċyld, sċyldu\nMiddle English: schuld, shild\nEnglish: shild\nOld Frisian: skeld\nNorth Frisian: schild\nSaterland Frisian: Skeeld\nOld Saxon: *skuld, sculd\nMiddle Low German: schuld, schülde\nGerman Low German: Schuld, Schüld\nOld Dutch: skult\nMiddle Dutch: scult, scout\nDutch: schuld\nAfrikaans: skuld\nOld High German: *skuld, sculd, scult, sculda, sculta\nMiddle High German: schult, schulde\nGerman: Schuld\n→ Esperanto: ŝuldo\nLuxembourgish: Schold\nYiddish: שולד (shuld)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "skuld",
"3": "Skuld",
"4": "skyld"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: skuld, Skuld, skyld",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: skuld, Skuld, skyld"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "skuld"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic: skuld",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Icelandic: skuld"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fo",
"2": "skuld"
},
"expansion": "Faroese: skuld",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Faroese: skuld"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "skuld",
"3": "skyld"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian: skuld, skyld",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Norwegian: skuld, skyld"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-osw",
"2": "skuld",
"3": "skyld"
},
"expansion": "Old Swedish: skuld, skyld",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Swedish: skuld, skyld"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "skuld",
"3": "skull"
},
"expansion": "Swedish: skuld, skull",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Swedish: skuld, skull"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "skyld"
},
"expansion": "Danish: skyld",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Danish: skyld"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "skuld",
"3": "sculd",
"4": "skyld",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Scots: skuld, sculd, skyld",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Scots: skuld, sculd, skyld"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*skel-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*skéltis"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *skéltis",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*skel-",
"4": "",
"5": "to be obliged, be beholden to, owe, be guilty"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *skel- (“to be obliged, be beholden to, owe, be guilty”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*skulaną",
"3": "*þiz",
"t1": "to be obligated, owe"
},
"expansion": "*skulaną (“to be obligated, owe”) + *-þiz",
"name": "suffix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "kaltė̃",
"t": "guilt"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian kaltė̃ (“guilt”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *skéltis, from Proto-Indo-European *skel- (“to be obliged, be beholden to, owe, be guilty”), equivalent to Proto-Germanic *skulaną (“to be obligated, owe”) + *-þiz. Cognate with Lithuanian kaltė̃ (“guilt”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "i-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "skuldiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "skuldīz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "skuldi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "skuldīz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "skuldį",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "skuldinz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "skuldīz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "skuldijǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "skuldī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "skuldimaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "skuldī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "skuldimiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/skuldiz",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"obligation"
],
"id": "en-skuldiz-gem-pro-noun-35opqbSe",
"links": [
[
"obligation",
"obligation"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"debt"
],
"id": "en-skuldiz-gem-pro-noun-ZS11-br7",
"links": [
[
"debt",
"debt"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "22 17 25 37",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 9 9 60",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 7 11 67",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 4 91",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Germanic terms suffixed with *-þiz",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"fault, blame, guilt"
],
"id": "en-skuldiz-gem-pro-noun-i3jLeEfb",
"links": [
[
"fault",
"fault"
],
[
"blame",
"blame"
],
[
"guilt",
"guilt"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈskul.diz/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "skuldaz"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
],
"word": "skuldiz"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "skyldr"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: skyldr",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: skyldr"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "skyldur"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic: skyldur",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Icelandic: skyldur"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-osw",
"2": "skylder"
},
"expansion": "Old Swedish: skylder",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Swedish: skylder"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_text": "Derived from *skulaną (“to owe”), and thus of the same origin as the \"debt\" sense of Etymology 1.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-adj",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "i-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "skuldiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "skuldijai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "skuldī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "skuldijôz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "skuldį",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "-jatō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "skuldijō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "skuldijanǭ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "skuldijanz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "skuldijǭ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "skuldijōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "skuldį",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "-jatō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "skuldijō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "skuldijas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "skuldīs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "skuldijaizǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "skuldijaizōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "skuldijaizǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "skuldijas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "skuldīs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "skuldijaizǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "skuldijammai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "skuldijaimaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "skuldijaizōi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "skuldijaimaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "skuldijammai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "skuldijaimaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "skuldijanō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "skuldijaimiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "skuldijaizō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "skuldijaimiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "skuldijanō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "skuldijaimiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "skuldijô",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "skuldijaniz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "skuldijǭ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "skuldijōniz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "skuldijô",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "skuldijōnō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "skuldijanų",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "skuldijanunz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "skuldijōnų",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "skuldijōnunz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "skuldijô",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "skuldijōnō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "skuldīniz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "skuldijanǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "skuldijōniz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "skuldijōnǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "skuldīniz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "skuldijanǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "skuldīni",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "skuldijammaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "skuldijōni",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "skuldijōmaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "skuldīni",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "skuldijammaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "skuldīnē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "skuldijammiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "skuldijōnē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "skuldijōmiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "skuldīnē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "skuldijammiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"plural",
"weak"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/skuldiz",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"bound, obliged"
],
"id": "en-skuldiz-gem-pro-adj-af7xPkBz",
"links": [
[
"bound",
"bound"
],
[
"obliged",
"obliged"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈskul.diz/"
}
],
"word": "skuldiz"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Germanic adjectives",
"Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Germanic feminine nouns",
"Proto-Germanic i-stem adjectives",
"Proto-Germanic i-stem nouns",
"Proto-Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-Germanic nouns",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *skel-",
"Proto-Germanic terms suffixed with *-þiz"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "skuldīgaz"
},
{
"word": "skuldigōną"
},
{
"word": "skuldōną"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*skuldi"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *skuldi\nOld English: sċyld, sċyldu\nMiddle English: schuld, shild\nEnglish: shild\nOld Frisian: skeld\nNorth Frisian: schild\nSaterland Frisian: Skeeld\nOld Saxon: *skuld, sculd\nMiddle Low German: schuld, schülde\nGerman Low German: Schuld, Schüld\nOld Dutch: skult\nMiddle Dutch: scult, scout\nDutch: schuld\nAfrikaans: skuld\nOld High German: *skuld, sculd, scult, sculda, sculta\nMiddle High German: schult, schulde\nGerman: Schuld\n→ Esperanto: ŝuldo\nLuxembourgish: Schold\nYiddish: שולד (shuld)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *skuldi\nOld English: sċyld, sċyldu\nMiddle English: schuld, shild\nEnglish: shild\nOld Frisian: skeld\nNorth Frisian: schild\nSaterland Frisian: Skeeld\nOld Saxon: *skuld, sculd\nMiddle Low German: schuld, schülde\nGerman Low German: Schuld, Schüld\nOld Dutch: skult\nMiddle Dutch: scult, scout\nDutch: schuld\nAfrikaans: skuld\nOld High German: *skuld, sculd, scult, sculda, sculta\nMiddle High German: schult, schulde\nGerman: Schuld\n→ Esperanto: ŝuldo\nLuxembourgish: Schold\nYiddish: שולד (shuld)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "skuld",
"3": "Skuld",
"4": "skyld"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: skuld, Skuld, skyld",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: skuld, Skuld, skyld"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "skuld"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic: skuld",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Icelandic: skuld"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fo",
"2": "skuld"
},
"expansion": "Faroese: skuld",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Faroese: skuld"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "skuld",
"3": "skyld"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian: skuld, skyld",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Norwegian: skuld, skyld"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-osw",
"2": "skuld",
"3": "skyld"
},
"expansion": "Old Swedish: skuld, skyld",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Swedish: skuld, skyld"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "skuld",
"3": "skull"
},
"expansion": "Swedish: skuld, skull",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Swedish: skuld, skull"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "skyld"
},
"expansion": "Danish: skyld",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Danish: skyld"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "skuld",
"3": "sculd",
"4": "skyld",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Scots: skuld, sculd, skyld",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Scots: skuld, sculd, skyld"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*skel-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*skéltis"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *skéltis",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*skel-",
"4": "",
"5": "to be obliged, be beholden to, owe, be guilty"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *skel- (“to be obliged, be beholden to, owe, be guilty”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*skulaną",
"3": "*þiz",
"t1": "to be obligated, owe"
},
"expansion": "*skulaną (“to be obligated, owe”) + *-þiz",
"name": "suffix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "kaltė̃",
"t": "guilt"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian kaltė̃ (“guilt”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *skéltis, from Proto-Indo-European *skel- (“to be obliged, be beholden to, owe, be guilty”), equivalent to Proto-Germanic *skulaną (“to be obligated, owe”) + *-þiz. Cognate with Lithuanian kaltė̃ (“guilt”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "i-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "skuldiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "skuldīz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "skuldi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "skuldīz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "skuldį",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "skuldinz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "skuldīz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "skuldijǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "skuldī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "skuldimaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "skuldī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "skuldimiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/skuldiz",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"obligation"
],
"links": [
[
"obligation",
"obligation"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"debt"
],
"links": [
[
"debt",
"debt"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"fault, blame, guilt"
],
"links": [
[
"fault",
"fault"
],
[
"blame",
"blame"
],
[
"guilt",
"guilt"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈskul.diz/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "skuldaz"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
],
"word": "skuldiz"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Germanic adjectives",
"Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Germanic i-stem adjectives",
"Proto-Germanic lemmas"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "skyldr"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: skyldr",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: skyldr"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "skyldur"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic: skyldur",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Icelandic: skyldur"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-osw",
"2": "skylder"
},
"expansion": "Old Swedish: skylder",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Swedish: skylder"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_text": "Derived from *skulaną (“to owe”), and thus of the same origin as the \"debt\" sense of Etymology 1.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-adj",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "i-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "skuldiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "skuldijai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "skuldī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "skuldijôz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "skuldį",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "-jatō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "skuldijō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "skuldijanǭ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "skuldijanz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "skuldijǭ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "skuldijōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "skuldį",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "-jatō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "skuldijō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "skuldijas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "skuldīs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "skuldijaizǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "skuldijaizōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "skuldijaizǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "skuldijas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "skuldīs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "skuldijaizǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "skuldijammai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "skuldijaimaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "skuldijaizōi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "skuldijaimaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "skuldijammai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "skuldijaimaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "skuldijanō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "skuldijaimiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "skuldijaizō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "skuldijaimiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "skuldijanō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "skuldijaimiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "skuldijô",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "skuldijaniz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "skuldijǭ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "skuldijōniz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "skuldijô",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "skuldijōnō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "skuldijanų",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "skuldijanunz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "skuldijōnų",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "skuldijōnunz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "skuldijô",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "skuldijōnō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "skuldīniz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "skuldijanǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "skuldijōniz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "skuldijōnǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "skuldīniz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "skuldijanǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "skuldīni",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "skuldijammaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "skuldijōni",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "skuldijōmaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "skuldīni",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "skuldijammaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "skuldīnē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "skuldijammiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "skuldijōnē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "skuldijōmiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "skuldīnē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "skuldijammiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"plural",
"weak"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/skuldiz",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"bound, obliged"
],
"links": [
[
"bound",
"bound"
],
[
"obliged",
"obliged"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈskul.diz/"
}
],
"word": "skuldiz"
}
Download raw JSONL data for skuldiz meaning in Proto-Germanic (13.8kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-02-17 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-02-02 using wiktextract (ca09fec and c40eb85). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.