See skuldiz in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "skuldīgaz"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "skuldigōną"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "skuldōną"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*skuldi"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *skuldi\nOld English: sċyld, sċyldu\nMiddle English: schuld, shild\nEnglish: shild\nOld Frisian: skeld\nNorth Frisian: schild\nSaterland Frisian: Skeeld\nOld Saxon: *skuld, sculd\nMiddle Low German: schuld, schülde\nGerman Low German: Schuld, Schüld\nOld Dutch: skult\nMiddle Dutch: scult, scout\nDutch: schuld\nAfrikaans: skuld\nOld High German: *skuld, sculd, scult, sculda, sculta\nMiddle High German: schult, schulde\nGerman: Schuld\n→ Esperanto: ŝuldo\nLuxembourgish: Schold\nYiddish: שולד (shuld)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *skuldi\nOld English: sċyld, sċyldu\nMiddle English: schuld, shild\nEnglish: shild\nOld Frisian: skeld\nNorth Frisian: schild\nSaterland Frisian: Skeeld\nOld Saxon: *skuld, sculd\nMiddle Low German: schuld, schülde\nGerman Low German: Schuld, Schüld\nOld Dutch: skult\nMiddle Dutch: scult, scout\nDutch: schuld\nAfrikaans: skuld\nOld High German: *skuld, sculd, scult, sculda, sculta\nMiddle High German: schult, schulde\nGerman: Schuld\n→ Esperanto: ŝuldo\nLuxembourgish: Schold\nYiddish: שולד (shuld)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "skuld",
"3": "Skuld",
"4": "skyld"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: skuld, Skuld, skyld",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: skuld, Skuld, skyld"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "skuld"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic: skuld",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Icelandic: skuld"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fo",
"2": "skuld"
},
"expansion": "Faroese: skuld",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Faroese: skuld"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "skuld",
"3": "skyld"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian: skuld, skyld",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Norwegian: skuld, skyld"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-osw",
"2": "skuld",
"3": "skyld"
},
"expansion": "Old Swedish: skuld, skyld",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Swedish: skuld, skyld"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "skuld",
"3": "skull"
},
"expansion": "Swedish: skuld, skull",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Swedish: skuld, skull"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "skyld"
},
"expansion": "Danish: skyld",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Danish: skyld"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "skuld",
"3": "sculd",
"4": "skyld",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Scots: skuld, sculd, skyld",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Scots: skuld, sculd, skyld"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*skel-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*skéltis"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *skéltis",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*skel-",
"4": "",
"5": "to be obliged, be beholden to, owe, be guilty"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *skel- (“to be obliged, be beholden to, owe, be guilty”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*skulaną",
"3": "*þiz",
"t1": "to be obligated, owe"
},
"expansion": "*skulaną (“to be obligated, owe”) + *-þiz",
"name": "suffix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "kaltė",
"3": "",
"4": "guilt"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian kaltė (“guilt”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *skéltis, from Proto-Indo-European *skel- (“to be obliged, be beholden to, owe, be guilty”), equivalent to Proto-Germanic *skulaną (“to be obligated, owe”) + *-þiz. Cognate with Lithuanian kaltė (“guilt”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "i-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "skuldiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "skuldīz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "skuldi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "skuldīz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "skuldį",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "skuldinz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "skuldīz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "skuldijǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "skuldī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "skuldimaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "skuldī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "skuldimiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/skuldiz",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"obligation"
],
"id": "en-skuldiz-gem-pro-noun-35opqbSe",
"links": [
[
"obligation",
"obligation"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"debt"
],
"id": "en-skuldiz-gem-pro-noun-ZS11-br7",
"links": [
[
"debt",
"debt"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "22 17 25 37",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 9 9 60",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 12 10 64",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 4 87",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Germanic terms suffixed with *-þiz",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"fault, blame, guilt"
],
"id": "en-skuldiz-gem-pro-noun-i3jLeEfb",
"links": [
[
"fault",
"fault"
],
[
"blame",
"blame"
],
[
"guilt",
"guilt"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈskul.diz/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "skuldaz"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "skulþiz"
}
],
"word": "skuldiz"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "skyldr"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: skyldr",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: skyldr"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "skyldur"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic: skyldur",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Icelandic: skyldur"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-osw",
"2": "skylder"
},
"expansion": "Old Swedish: skylder",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Swedish: skylder"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_text": "Derived from *skulaną (“to owe”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-adj",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "i-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "skuldiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "skuldijai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "skuldī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "skuldijôz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "skuldį",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "-jatō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "skuldijō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "skuldijanǭ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "skuldijanz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "skuldijǭ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "skuldijōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "skuldį",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "-jatō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "skuldijō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "skuldijas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "skuldīs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "skuldijaizǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "skuldijaizōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "skuldijaizǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "skuldijas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "skuldīs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "skuldijaizǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "skuldijammai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "skuldijaimaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "skuldijaizōi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "skuldijaimaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "skuldijammai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "skuldijaimaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "skuldijanō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "skuldijaimiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "skuldijaizō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "skuldijaimiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "skuldijanō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "skuldijaimiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "skuldijô",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "skuldijaniz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "skuldijǭ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "skuldijōniz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "skuldijô",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "skuldijōnō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "skuldijanų",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "skuldijanunz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "skuldijōnų",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "skuldijōnunz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "skuldijô",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "skuldijōnō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "skuldīniz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "skuldijanǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "skuldijōniz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "skuldijōnǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "skuldīniz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "skuldijanǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "skuldīni",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "skuldijammaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "skuldijōni",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "skuldijōmaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "skuldīni",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "skuldijammaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "skuldīnē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "skuldijammiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "skuldijōnē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "skuldijōmiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "skuldīnē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "skuldijammiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"plural",
"weak"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/skuldiz",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"bound, obliged"
],
"id": "en-skuldiz-gem-pro-adj-af7xPkBz",
"links": [
[
"bound",
"bound"
],
[
"obliged",
"obliged"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈskul.diz/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "skulþiz"
}
],
"word": "skuldiz"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Germanic adjectives",
"Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Germanic feminine nouns",
"Proto-Germanic i-stem adjectives",
"Proto-Germanic i-stem nouns",
"Proto-Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-Germanic nouns",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *skel-",
"Proto-Germanic terms suffixed with *-þiz"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "skuldīgaz"
},
{
"word": "skuldigōną"
},
{
"word": "skuldōną"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*skuldi"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *skuldi\nOld English: sċyld, sċyldu\nMiddle English: schuld, shild\nEnglish: shild\nOld Frisian: skeld\nNorth Frisian: schild\nSaterland Frisian: Skeeld\nOld Saxon: *skuld, sculd\nMiddle Low German: schuld, schülde\nGerman Low German: Schuld, Schüld\nOld Dutch: skult\nMiddle Dutch: scult, scout\nDutch: schuld\nAfrikaans: skuld\nOld High German: *skuld, sculd, scult, sculda, sculta\nMiddle High German: schult, schulde\nGerman: Schuld\n→ Esperanto: ŝuldo\nLuxembourgish: Schold\nYiddish: שולד (shuld)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *skuldi\nOld English: sċyld, sċyldu\nMiddle English: schuld, shild\nEnglish: shild\nOld Frisian: skeld\nNorth Frisian: schild\nSaterland Frisian: Skeeld\nOld Saxon: *skuld, sculd\nMiddle Low German: schuld, schülde\nGerman Low German: Schuld, Schüld\nOld Dutch: skult\nMiddle Dutch: scult, scout\nDutch: schuld\nAfrikaans: skuld\nOld High German: *skuld, sculd, scult, sculda, sculta\nMiddle High German: schult, schulde\nGerman: Schuld\n→ Esperanto: ŝuldo\nLuxembourgish: Schold\nYiddish: שולד (shuld)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "skuld",
"3": "Skuld",
"4": "skyld"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: skuld, Skuld, skyld",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: skuld, Skuld, skyld"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "skuld"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic: skuld",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Icelandic: skuld"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fo",
"2": "skuld"
},
"expansion": "Faroese: skuld",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Faroese: skuld"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "skuld",
"3": "skyld"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian: skuld, skyld",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Norwegian: skuld, skyld"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-osw",
"2": "skuld",
"3": "skyld"
},
"expansion": "Old Swedish: skuld, skyld",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Swedish: skuld, skyld"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "skuld",
"3": "skull"
},
"expansion": "Swedish: skuld, skull",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Swedish: skuld, skull"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "skyld"
},
"expansion": "Danish: skyld",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Danish: skyld"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "skuld",
"3": "sculd",
"4": "skyld",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Scots: skuld, sculd, skyld",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Scots: skuld, sculd, skyld"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*skel-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*skéltis"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *skéltis",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*skel-",
"4": "",
"5": "to be obliged, be beholden to, owe, be guilty"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *skel- (“to be obliged, be beholden to, owe, be guilty”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*skulaną",
"3": "*þiz",
"t1": "to be obligated, owe"
},
"expansion": "*skulaną (“to be obligated, owe”) + *-þiz",
"name": "suffix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "kaltė",
"3": "",
"4": "guilt"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian kaltė (“guilt”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *skéltis, from Proto-Indo-European *skel- (“to be obliged, be beholden to, owe, be guilty”), equivalent to Proto-Germanic *skulaną (“to be obligated, owe”) + *-þiz. Cognate with Lithuanian kaltė (“guilt”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "i-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "skuldiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "skuldīz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "skuldi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "skuldīz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "skuldį",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "skuldinz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "skuldīz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "skuldijǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "skuldī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "skuldimaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "skuldī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "skuldimiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/skuldiz",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"obligation"
],
"links": [
[
"obligation",
"obligation"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"debt"
],
"links": [
[
"debt",
"debt"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"fault, blame, guilt"
],
"links": [
[
"fault",
"fault"
],
[
"blame",
"blame"
],
[
"guilt",
"guilt"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈskul.diz/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "skuldaz"
},
{
"word": "skulþiz"
}
],
"word": "skuldiz"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Germanic adjectives",
"Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Germanic i-stem adjectives",
"Proto-Germanic lemmas"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "skyldr"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: skyldr",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: skyldr"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "skyldur"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic: skyldur",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Icelandic: skyldur"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-osw",
"2": "skylder"
},
"expansion": "Old Swedish: skylder",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Swedish: skylder"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_text": "Derived from *skulaną (“to owe”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-adj",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "i-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "skuldiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "skuldijai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "skuldī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "skuldijôz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "skuldį",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "-jatō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "skuldijō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "skuldijanǭ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "skuldijanz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "skuldijǭ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "skuldijōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "skuldį",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "-jatō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "skuldijō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "skuldijas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "skuldīs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "skuldijaizǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "skuldijaizōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "skuldijaizǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "skuldijas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "skuldīs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "skuldijaizǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "skuldijammai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "skuldijaimaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "skuldijaizōi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "skuldijaimaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "skuldijammai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "skuldijaimaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "skuldijanō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "skuldijaimiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "skuldijaizō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "skuldijaimiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "skuldijanō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "skuldijaimiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "skuldijô",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "skuldijaniz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "skuldijǭ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "skuldijōniz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "skuldijô",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "skuldijōnō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "skuldijanų",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "skuldijanunz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "skuldijōnų",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "skuldijōnunz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "skuldijô",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "skuldijōnō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "skuldīniz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "skuldijanǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "skuldijōniz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "skuldijōnǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "skuldīniz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "skuldijanǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "skuldīni",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "skuldijammaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "skuldijōni",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "skuldijōmaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "skuldīni",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "skuldijammaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "skuldīnē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "skuldijammiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "skuldijōnē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "skuldijōmiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "skuldīnē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "skuldijammiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"plural",
"weak"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/skuldiz",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"bound, obliged"
],
"links": [
[
"bound",
"bound"
],
[
"obliged",
"obliged"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈskul.diz/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "skulþiz"
}
],
"word": "skuldiz"
}
Download raw JSONL data for skuldiz meaning in Proto-Germanic (13.7kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.