See skipą in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for skipą meaning in Proto-Germanic (7.9kB)
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "skipafardiz"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "skipamann-"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "skipōną"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*skip"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *skip\nOld English: sċip, sċyp\nMiddle English: schip, schup\nScots: ship, schip\nEnglish: ship\n→ Esperanto: ŝipo\nOld Frisian: skip\nNorth Frisian: schap (Mooring), Skep (Sylt)\nSaterland Frisian: Skip, Schip\nWest Frisian: skip\nOld Saxon: skip\nMiddle Low German: schip, schep\nLow German: Schipp\nGerman Low German: Schipp, Schip\nPlautdietsch: Schepp\nOld Dutch: *skip, scip\nMiddle Dutch: schip, schep\nDutch: schip\nAfrikaans: skip\nLimburgish: sjeep\nOld High German: skif, skef\nMiddle High German: schif, schef\nBavarian: Schiff, Scheff\nCentral Franconian: Scheff, Schöff, Schoff (all < MHG schif)\nLuxembourgish: Schëff\nGerman: Schiff\nYiddish: שיף (shif)\n→ Old Italian: schifo\nItalian: schifo\n⇒ English: skeevy\n⇒ English: skeeve\n→ Middle French: esquif\nFrench: esquif\n→ Middle English: skif\nEnglish: skiff\n→ Russian: скиф (skif)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *skip\nOld English: sċip, sċyp\nMiddle English: schip, schup\nScots: ship, schip\nEnglish: ship\n→ Esperanto: ŝipo\nOld Frisian: skip\nNorth Frisian: schap (Mooring), Skep (Sylt)\nSaterland Frisian: Skip, Schip\nWest Frisian: skip\nOld Saxon: skip\nMiddle Low German: schip, schep\nLow German: Schipp\nGerman Low German: Schipp, Schip\nPlautdietsch: Schepp\nOld Dutch: *skip, scip\nMiddle Dutch: schip, schep\nDutch: schip\nAfrikaans: skip\nLimburgish: sjeep\nOld High German: skif, skef\nMiddle High German: schif, schef\nBavarian: Schiff, Scheff\nCentral Franconian: Scheff, Schöff, Schoff (all < MHG schif)\nLuxembourgish: Schëff\nGerman: Schiff\nYiddish: שיף (shif)\n→ Old Italian: schifo\nItalian: schifo\n⇒ English: skeevy\n⇒ English: skeeve\n→ Middle French: esquif\nFrench: esquif\n→ Middle English: skif\nEnglish: skiff\n→ Russian: скиф (skif)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "skip"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: skip\nIcelandic: skip\nFaroese: skip\nNorwegian Bokmål: skip\nNorwegian Nynorsk: skip\nOld Swedish: skip\nSwedish: skepp\nOld Danish: skip\nDanish: skib\nScanian: śevv\n→ Irish: scib\n→ Scottish Gaelic: sgioba",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: skip\nIcelandic: skip\nFaroese: skip\nNorwegian Bokmål: skip\nNorwegian Nynorsk: skip\nOld Swedish: skip\nSwedish: skepp\nOld Danish: skip\nDanish: skib\nScanian: śevv\n→ Irish: scib\n→ Scottish Gaelic: sgioba"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐍃𐌺𐌹𐍀"
},
"expansion": "Gothic: 𐍃𐌺𐌹𐍀 (skip)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gothic: 𐍃𐌺𐌹𐍀 (skip)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro"
},
"expansion": "Uncertain",
"name": "unc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*skey-",
"4": "*skēi-b-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *skēi-b-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "skiẽbti",
"3": "",
"4": "to rip up"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian skiẽbti (“to rip up”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "škibît",
"3": "",
"4": "to cut, lop"
},
"expansion": "Latvian škibît (“to cut, lop”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*skapjaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *skapjaną",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old High German",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "skeið",
"3": "",
"4": "sheath; spoon; ship"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse skeið (“sheath; spoon; ship”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "vās",
"3": "",
"4": "hollow object"
},
"expansion": "Latin vās (“hollow object”)",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "vaisseau",
"3": "",
"4": "vessel"
},
"expansion": "French vaisseau (“vessel”)",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "la",
"3": "scyphus",
"4": "",
"5": "drinking vessel"
},
"expansion": "Latin scyphus (“drinking vessel”)",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Uncertain etymology.\nOne theory derives it from Proto-Indo-European *skēi-b-, *ski-b-. Compare Lithuanian skiẽbti (“to rip up”), Latvian škibît (“to cut, lop”). (Proto-Germanic *skapjaną has been considered related as well, but the phonetics pose difficulties.) The original meaning inherited from Proto-Indo-European was likely “hollowed tree”, and all daughter languages agree in the meaning “ship”, thus the specified meaning “ship” is assumed for Proto-Germanic, however the Old High German word also had the meaning “hollow object” and described various vessels and containers, so the Proto-Germanic word could also have been used in a more generic fashion. Moreover, one meaning does not have to exclude the other by rule. Compare the development of Old Norse skeið (“sheath; spoon; ship”), also from an extension of *skey-; cf. also unrelated Latin vās (“hollow object”), source of French vaisseau (“vessel”).\nKroonen instead claims that this word would rather be a loanword from Latin scyphus (“drinking vessel”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "skipą",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "skipō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "skipą",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "skipō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "skipą",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "skipō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "skipas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "skipis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "skipǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "skipai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "skipamaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "skipō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "skipamiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/skipą",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"english": "slice",
"tags": [
"possibly"
],
"word": "skībǭ"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"ship"
],
"id": "en-skipą-gem-pro-noun-5dW5cROe",
"links": [
[
"ship",
"ship"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "*baitaz"
},
{
"word": "*keulaz"
}
],
"tags": [
"neuter",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"any hollow or concave manmade object"
],
"id": "en-skipą-gem-pro-noun-plzHH1Oh",
"links": [
[
"hollow",
"hollow"
],
[
"concave",
"concave"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(possibly) any hollow or concave manmade object"
],
"tags": [
"neuter",
"possibly",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "West Proto-Germanic",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "1 43 56",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"vessel, tub"
],
"id": "en-skipą-gem-pro-noun-tqJOZDTF",
"links": [
[
"vessel",
"vessel"
],
[
"tub",
"tub"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(West Germanic) vessel, tub"
],
"tags": [
"Germanic",
"West",
"neuter",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈski.pɑ̃/"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
],
"word": "skipą"
}
{
"categories": [
"Proto-Germanic a-stem nouns",
"Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-Germanic neuter nouns",
"Proto-Germanic nouns",
"Proto-Germanic terms borrowed from Latin",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from Latin",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Germanic terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Proto-Germanic terms with unknown etymologies"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "skipafardiz"
},
{
"word": "skipamann-"
},
{
"word": "skipōną"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*skip"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *skip\nOld English: sċip, sċyp\nMiddle English: schip, schup\nScots: ship, schip\nEnglish: ship\n→ Esperanto: ŝipo\nOld Frisian: skip\nNorth Frisian: schap (Mooring), Skep (Sylt)\nSaterland Frisian: Skip, Schip\nWest Frisian: skip\nOld Saxon: skip\nMiddle Low German: schip, schep\nLow German: Schipp\nGerman Low German: Schipp, Schip\nPlautdietsch: Schepp\nOld Dutch: *skip, scip\nMiddle Dutch: schip, schep\nDutch: schip\nAfrikaans: skip\nLimburgish: sjeep\nOld High German: skif, skef\nMiddle High German: schif, schef\nBavarian: Schiff, Scheff\nCentral Franconian: Scheff, Schöff, Schoff (all < MHG schif)\nLuxembourgish: Schëff\nGerman: Schiff\nYiddish: שיף (shif)\n→ Old Italian: schifo\nItalian: schifo\n⇒ English: skeevy\n⇒ English: skeeve\n→ Middle French: esquif\nFrench: esquif\n→ Middle English: skif\nEnglish: skiff\n→ Russian: скиф (skif)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *skip\nOld English: sċip, sċyp\nMiddle English: schip, schup\nScots: ship, schip\nEnglish: ship\n→ Esperanto: ŝipo\nOld Frisian: skip\nNorth Frisian: schap (Mooring), Skep (Sylt)\nSaterland Frisian: Skip, Schip\nWest Frisian: skip\nOld Saxon: skip\nMiddle Low German: schip, schep\nLow German: Schipp\nGerman Low German: Schipp, Schip\nPlautdietsch: Schepp\nOld Dutch: *skip, scip\nMiddle Dutch: schip, schep\nDutch: schip\nAfrikaans: skip\nLimburgish: sjeep\nOld High German: skif, skef\nMiddle High German: schif, schef\nBavarian: Schiff, Scheff\nCentral Franconian: Scheff, Schöff, Schoff (all < MHG schif)\nLuxembourgish: Schëff\nGerman: Schiff\nYiddish: שיף (shif)\n→ Old Italian: schifo\nItalian: schifo\n⇒ English: skeevy\n⇒ English: skeeve\n→ Middle French: esquif\nFrench: esquif\n→ Middle English: skif\nEnglish: skiff\n→ Russian: скиф (skif)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "skip"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: skip\nIcelandic: skip\nFaroese: skip\nNorwegian Bokmål: skip\nNorwegian Nynorsk: skip\nOld Swedish: skip\nSwedish: skepp\nOld Danish: skip\nDanish: skib\nScanian: śevv\n→ Irish: scib\n→ Scottish Gaelic: sgioba",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: skip\nIcelandic: skip\nFaroese: skip\nNorwegian Bokmål: skip\nNorwegian Nynorsk: skip\nOld Swedish: skip\nSwedish: skepp\nOld Danish: skip\nDanish: skib\nScanian: śevv\n→ Irish: scib\n→ Scottish Gaelic: sgioba"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐍃𐌺𐌹𐍀"
},
"expansion": "Gothic: 𐍃𐌺𐌹𐍀 (skip)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gothic: 𐍃𐌺𐌹𐍀 (skip)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro"
},
"expansion": "Uncertain",
"name": "unc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*skey-",
"4": "*skēi-b-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *skēi-b-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "skiẽbti",
"3": "",
"4": "to rip up"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian skiẽbti (“to rip up”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "škibît",
"3": "",
"4": "to cut, lop"
},
"expansion": "Latvian škibît (“to cut, lop”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*skapjaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *skapjaną",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old High German",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "skeið",
"3": "",
"4": "sheath; spoon; ship"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse skeið (“sheath; spoon; ship”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "vās",
"3": "",
"4": "hollow object"
},
"expansion": "Latin vās (“hollow object”)",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "vaisseau",
"3": "",
"4": "vessel"
},
"expansion": "French vaisseau (“vessel”)",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "la",
"3": "scyphus",
"4": "",
"5": "drinking vessel"
},
"expansion": "Latin scyphus (“drinking vessel”)",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Uncertain etymology.\nOne theory derives it from Proto-Indo-European *skēi-b-, *ski-b-. Compare Lithuanian skiẽbti (“to rip up”), Latvian škibît (“to cut, lop”). (Proto-Germanic *skapjaną has been considered related as well, but the phonetics pose difficulties.) The original meaning inherited from Proto-Indo-European was likely “hollowed tree”, and all daughter languages agree in the meaning “ship”, thus the specified meaning “ship” is assumed for Proto-Germanic, however the Old High German word also had the meaning “hollow object” and described various vessels and containers, so the Proto-Germanic word could also have been used in a more generic fashion. Moreover, one meaning does not have to exclude the other by rule. Compare the development of Old Norse skeið (“sheath; spoon; ship”), also from an extension of *skey-; cf. also unrelated Latin vās (“hollow object”), source of French vaisseau (“vessel”).\nKroonen instead claims that this word would rather be a loanword from Latin scyphus (“drinking vessel”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "skipą",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "skipō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "skipą",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "skipō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "skipą",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "skipō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "skipas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "skipis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "skipǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "skipai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "skipamaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "skipō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "skipamiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/skipą",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"english": "slice",
"tags": [
"possibly"
],
"word": "skībǭ"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"gem-pro:Watercraft"
],
"glosses": [
"ship"
],
"links": [
[
"ship",
"ship"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "*baitaz"
},
{
"word": "*keulaz"
}
],
"tags": [
"neuter",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"any hollow or concave manmade object"
],
"links": [
[
"hollow",
"hollow"
],
[
"concave",
"concave"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(possibly) any hollow or concave manmade object"
],
"tags": [
"neuter",
"possibly",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"West Proto-Germanic",
"gem-pro:Containers"
],
"glosses": [
"vessel, tub"
],
"links": [
[
"vessel",
"vessel"
],
[
"tub",
"tub"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(West Germanic) vessel, tub"
],
"tags": [
"Germanic",
"West",
"neuter",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈski.pɑ̃/"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
],
"word": "skipą"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-06-04 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (e9e0a99 and db5a844). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.