See skamō in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*skamu"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *skamu\nOld English: sċamu, sċeamu, sċomu, sċeomu\nMiddle English: schame, schome\nScots: scham, schame\nEnglish: shame\nOld Frisian: skame, scome, skome\nSaterland Frisian: scame; (Skoomte)\n(West Frisian: skamte)\nOld Saxon: skama\nMiddle Low German: schame, scham\nLow German: Schaam; (Schaamd)\nOld Dutch: scama\nMiddle Dutch: schāme\nDutch: schaam (obsolete)\nOld High German: scama\nMiddle High German: schame\nGerman: Scham\nHunsrik: Schaam",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *skamu\nOld English: sċamu, sċeamu, sċomu, sċeomu\nMiddle English: schame, schome\nScots: scham, schame\nEnglish: shame\nOld Frisian: skame, scome, skome\nSaterland Frisian: scame; (Skoomte)\n(West Frisian: skamte)\nOld Saxon: skama\nMiddle Low German: schame, scham\nLow German: Schaam; (Schaamd)\nOld Dutch: scama\nMiddle Dutch: schāme\nDutch: schaam (obsolete)\nOld High German: scama\nMiddle High German: schame\nGerman: Scham\nHunsrik: Schaam"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "skǫmm"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: skǫmm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: skǫmm"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "skömm"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic: skömm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Icelandic: skömm"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fo",
"2": "skomm"
},
"expansion": "Faroese: skomm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Faroese: skomm"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "skam"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian Bokmål: skam",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Norwegian Bokmål: skam"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "skam"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian Nynorsk: skam",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Norwegian Nynorsk: skam"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-osw",
"2": "skam"
},
"expansion": "Old Swedish: skam",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Swedish: skam"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "skam"
},
"expansion": "Swedish: skam",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Swedish: skam"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-oda",
"2": "skam"
},
"expansion": "Old Danish: skam",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Danish: skam"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "skam"
},
"expansion": "Danish: skam",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Danish: skam"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌼𐌰"
},
"expansion": "Gothic: 𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌼𐌰 (skama)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gothic: 𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌼𐌰 (skama)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*(s)ḱeh₃-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro"
},
"expansion": "Uncertain",
"name": "unc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "pre-Germanic",
"name": "pre-Germanic"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*(s)ḱeh₃-",
"4": "",
"5": "dark(ness)"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(s)ḱeh₃- (“dark(ness)”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*skandō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *skandō",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Uncertain, but probably from pre-Germanic *skh₃méh₂, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ḱeh₃- (“dark(ness)”) + *-méh₂. Related to Proto-Germanic *skandō.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ō-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "skamō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "skamôz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "skamō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "skamôz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "skamǭ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "skamōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "skamōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "skamǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "skamōi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "skamōmaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "skamō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "skamōmiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/skamō",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"shame"
],
"id": "en-skamō-gem-pro-noun-vxl~82FQ",
"links": [
[
"shame",
"shame"
]
],
"related": [
{
"word": "skamiþō"
},
{
"word": "skamāną"
},
{
"word": "skandō"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers",
"Germanic parent language"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈskɑ.mɔː/"
}
],
"word": "skamō"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*skamu"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *skamu\nOld English: sċamu, sċeamu, sċomu, sċeomu\nMiddle English: schame, schome\nScots: scham, schame\nEnglish: shame\nOld Frisian: skame, scome, skome\nSaterland Frisian: scame; (Skoomte)\n(West Frisian: skamte)\nOld Saxon: skama\nMiddle Low German: schame, scham\nLow German: Schaam; (Schaamd)\nOld Dutch: scama\nMiddle Dutch: schāme\nDutch: schaam (obsolete)\nOld High German: scama\nMiddle High German: schame\nGerman: Scham\nHunsrik: Schaam",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *skamu\nOld English: sċamu, sċeamu, sċomu, sċeomu\nMiddle English: schame, schome\nScots: scham, schame\nEnglish: shame\nOld Frisian: skame, scome, skome\nSaterland Frisian: scame; (Skoomte)\n(West Frisian: skamte)\nOld Saxon: skama\nMiddle Low German: schame, scham\nLow German: Schaam; (Schaamd)\nOld Dutch: scama\nMiddle Dutch: schāme\nDutch: schaam (obsolete)\nOld High German: scama\nMiddle High German: schame\nGerman: Scham\nHunsrik: Schaam"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "skǫmm"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: skǫmm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: skǫmm"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "skömm"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic: skömm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Icelandic: skömm"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fo",
"2": "skomm"
},
"expansion": "Faroese: skomm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Faroese: skomm"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "skam"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian Bokmål: skam",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Norwegian Bokmål: skam"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "skam"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian Nynorsk: skam",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Norwegian Nynorsk: skam"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-osw",
"2": "skam"
},
"expansion": "Old Swedish: skam",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Swedish: skam"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "skam"
},
"expansion": "Swedish: skam",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Swedish: skam"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-oda",
"2": "skam"
},
"expansion": "Old Danish: skam",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Danish: skam"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "skam"
},
"expansion": "Danish: skam",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Danish: skam"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌼𐌰"
},
"expansion": "Gothic: 𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌼𐌰 (skama)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gothic: 𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌼𐌰 (skama)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*(s)ḱeh₃-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro"
},
"expansion": "Uncertain",
"name": "unc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "pre-Germanic",
"name": "pre-Germanic"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*(s)ḱeh₃-",
"4": "",
"5": "dark(ness)"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(s)ḱeh₃- (“dark(ness)”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*skandō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *skandō",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Uncertain, but probably from pre-Germanic *skh₃méh₂, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ḱeh₃- (“dark(ness)”) + *-méh₂. Related to Proto-Germanic *skandō.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ō-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "skamō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "skamôz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "skamō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "skamôz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "skamǭ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "skamōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "skamōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "skamǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "skamōi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "skamōmaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "skamō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "skamōmiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/skamō",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "skamiþō"
},
{
"word": "skamāną"
},
{
"word": "skandō"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Germanic feminine nouns",
"Proto-Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-Germanic nouns",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *(s)ḱeh₃-",
"Proto-Germanic terms with unknown etymologies",
"Proto-Germanic ō-stem nouns"
],
"glosses": [
"shame"
],
"links": [
[
"shame",
"shame"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers",
"Germanic parent language"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈskɑ.mɔː/"
}
],
"word": "skamō"
}
Download raw JSONL data for skamō meaning in Proto-Germanic (5.3kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.