See skūrō in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*skūru"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *skūru",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *skūru"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "sċūr",
"g": "f"
},
"expansion": "Old English: sċūr f",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "if not a spurious gender change of <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"gmw-pro\">*skūr</i>"
},
"expansion": "(if not a spurious gender change of *skūr)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Old English: sċūr f (if not a spurious gender change of *skūr)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "schour"
},
"expansion": "Middle English: schour, schoure, schowre, schoure, shour, shoure, shower, showre, scur, shur (Early Middle English)\nEnglish: shower\nScots: shour, shouer, shoor, shooer",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Middle English: schour, schoure, schowre, schoure, shour, shoure, shower, showre, scur, shur (Early Middle English)\nEnglish: shower\nScots: shour, shouer, shoor, shooer"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐍃𐌺𐌿𐍂𐌰",
"tr": "skūra"
},
"expansion": "Gothic: 𐍃𐌺𐌿𐍂𐌰 (skūra)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gothic: 𐍃𐌺𐌿𐍂𐌰 (skūra)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "*kuuro",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Proto-Finnic: *kuuro",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Proto-Finnic: *kuuro (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "kuura",
"bor": "1",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": "→? Finnish: kuura",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→? Finnish: kuura"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*(s)ḱēwer-",
"t": "north; north wind; cold wind; rain shower"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(s)ḱēwer- (“north; north wind; cold wind; rain shower”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*(s)ḱeh₁w-",
"4": "*(s)ḱyeh₂w-",
"t": "north; north wind; cold wind; rain shower"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(s)ḱyeh₂w- (“north; north wind; cold wind; rain shower”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*sě̀verъ",
"t": "north"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *sě̀verъ (“north”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "šiaurỹs",
"3": "",
"4": "north wind"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian šiaurỹs (“north wind”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "šiáurė",
"3": "",
"4": "north"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian šiáurė (“north”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*(s)ḱew-",
"t": "to stir up, excite"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(s)ḱew- (“to stir up, excite”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*(s)kewH-",
"t": "to cover"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(s)kewH- (“to cover”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*skéh₃-ur"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *skéh₃-ur",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Of disputed origin:\n* From a Proto-Indo-European root variously reconstructed as Proto-Indo-European *(s)ḱēwer- (“north; north wind; cold wind; rain shower”) or Proto-Indo-European *(s)ḱyeh₂w- (“north; north wind; cold wind; rain shower”), in the latter case in the ablaut form *(s)ḱyh̥₂u-. Cognate with Proto-Slavic *sě̀verъ (“north”), Lithuanian šiaurỹs (“north wind”) and Lithuanian šiáurė (“north”). This theory is tentatively supported by Orel, but rejected by Kroonen, apparently due to the rather tenuous semantics.\n* From Proto-Indo-European *(s)ḱew- (“to stir up, excite”); or from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kewH- (“to cover”).\n* According to Kroonen, from an earlier *skewur, from Proto-Indo-European *skéh₃-ur, the ur-stem of *(s)ḱeh₃- (“shade, shadow”) (which Kroonen reconstructs as *skeh₁-).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ō-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "skūrō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "skūrôz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "skūrō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "skūrôz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "skūrǭ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "skūrōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "skūrōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "skūrǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "skūrōi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "skūrōmaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "skūrō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "skūrōmiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/skūrō",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"storm"
],
"id": "en-skūrō-gem-pro-noun-gem_pro:storm",
"links": [
[
"storm",
"storm"
]
],
"senseid": [
"gem-pro:storm"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "*sturmaz"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"short shower (of rain / hail)"
],
"id": "en-skūrō-gem-pro-noun-gem_pro:shower",
"links": [
[
"short",
"short"
],
[
"shower",
"shower"
],
[
"of",
"of"
],
[
"rain",
"rain"
],
[
"hail",
"hail"
]
],
"senseid": [
"gem-pro:shower"
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈskuː.rɔː/"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
],
"word": "skūrō"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*skūru"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *skūru",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *skūru"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "skūre"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian: skūre",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Frisian: skūre"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "skuorre"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian: skuorre",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "West Frisian: skuorre"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "skūr"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: skūr",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: skūr"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "schūr",
"3": "schure",
"4": "schüre"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German: schūr, schure, schüre",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Low German: schūr, schure, schüre"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "Schüür"
},
"expansion": "Low German: Schüür",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Low German: Schüür"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "et",
"2": "kuur",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Estonian: kuur",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Estonian: kuur"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "*skúrr",
"bor": "1",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": "→? Old Norse: *skúrr",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→? Old Norse: *skúrr"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "skúr"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic: skúr",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Icelandic: skúr"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "skur"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian Nynorsk: skur",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Norwegian Nynorsk: skur"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "scūr",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Old High German: scūr",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "probably; perhaps native"
},
"expansion": "(probably; perhaps native)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "→ Old High German: scūr (probably; perhaps native)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "schūr"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German: schūr",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle High German: schūr"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Schauer"
},
"expansion": "German: Schauer",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dialectal"
},
"expansion": "(dialectal)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "German: Schauer (dialectal)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "skūra"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: skūra",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: skūra"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "scūre"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch: scūre",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Dutch: scūre"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "schuur"
},
"expansion": "Dutch: schuur",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Dutch: schuur"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "af",
"2": "skuur"
},
"expansion": "Afrikaans: skuur",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Afrikaans: skuur"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "skiura",
"3": "skūra"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: skiura, skūra",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: skiura, skūra"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "schiure",
"3": "schūre"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German: schiure, schūre",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle High German: schiure, schūre"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Scheuer"
},
"expansion": "German: Scheuer",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German: Scheuer"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-tsx",
"2": "Schyre",
"3": "Schure"
},
"expansion": "Transylvanian Saxon: Schyre, Schure",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Transylvanian Saxon: Schyre, Schure"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "șură",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Romanian: șură",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Romanian: șură"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "scuro",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Italian: scuro",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Italian: scuro"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "escure",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Old French: escure",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Old French: escure"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Scheune"
},
"expansion": "German Scheune",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mixed with the word which is now German <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"de\">Scheune</i>, or this represents a different oblique stem"
},
"expansion": "(mixed with the word which is now German Scheune, or this represents a different oblique stem)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Salian Frankish: *screunu (mixed with the word which is now German Scheune, or this represents a different oblique stem)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ML.",
"2": "screona",
"3": "screuna",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Medieval Latin: screona, screuna",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Medieval Latin: screona, screuna"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "escriene",
"3": "escraingne",
"4": "escrienne",
"5": "escrainge",
"6": "ecrene",
"7": "escreigne",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Old French: escriene, escraingne, escrienne, escrainge, ecrene, escreigne",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Old French: escriene, escraingne, escrienne, escrainge, ecrene, escreigne"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frm",
"2": "escriegne",
"3": "escraigne",
"4": "escrangne",
"5": "escregne",
"6": "escrene",
"7": "escrenne",
"8": "ecreigne",
"9": "ecraigne"
},
"expansion": "Middle French: escriegne, escraigne, escrangne, escregne, escrene, escrenne, ecreigne, ecraigne",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle French: escriegne, escraigne, escrangne, escregne, escrene, escrenne, ecreigne, ecraigne"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "écrenne",
"3": "écraigne"
},
"expansion": "French: écrenne, écraigne",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "obsolete",
"2": "",
"3": "a sort of underground, insulated peasant house, covered with manure"
},
"expansion": "(obsolete, a sort of underground, insulated peasant house, covered with manure)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "French: écrenne, écraigne (obsolete, a sort of underground, insulated peasant house, covered with manure)"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*(s)kewH-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Scheune",
"t": "barn"
},
"expansion": "German Scheune (“barn”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*skuH-ro-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *skuH-ro-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "स्कुनाति",
"3": "",
"4": "he covers, protects"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit स्कुनाति (skunāti, “he covers, protects”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Related to an earlier *sku(w)enjō- (whence modern German Scheune (“barn”)), from *sku(w)en-, possibly from the dative form *sku(w)eni, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *skuH-ro-, from *(s)kewH- (“to cover”), related to Sanskrit स्कुनाति (skunāti, “he covers, protects”). Alternatively, the pre-form *sku(w)enjō- is considered by Kroonen to stem from the same root as the \"shower\" sense of Etymology 1.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ō-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "skūrō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "skūrôz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "skūrō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "skūrôz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "skūrǭ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "skūrōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "skūrōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "skūrǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "skūrōi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "skūrōmaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "skūrō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "skūrōmiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/skūrō",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "11 25 65",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 16 76",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 23 72",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"shelter, shack"
],
"id": "en-skūrō-gem-pro-noun-gem_pro:shelter",
"links": [
[
"shelter",
"shelter"
],
[
"shack",
"shack"
]
],
"related": [
{
"english": "house",
"word": "hūsą"
},
{
"english": "shelter, hiding place",
"word": "skeulą"
},
{
"english": "to shelter, hide",
"word": "skiulijaną"
}
],
"senseid": [
"gem-pro:shelter"
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "skūrō"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Germanic feminine nouns",
"Proto-Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-Germanic nouns",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *(s)kewH-",
"Proto-Germanic ō-stem nouns"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*skūru"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *skūru",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *skūru"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "sċūr",
"g": "f"
},
"expansion": "Old English: sċūr f",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "if not a spurious gender change of <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"gmw-pro\">*skūr</i>"
},
"expansion": "(if not a spurious gender change of *skūr)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Old English: sċūr f (if not a spurious gender change of *skūr)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "schour"
},
"expansion": "Middle English: schour, schoure, schowre, schoure, shour, shoure, shower, showre, scur, shur (Early Middle English)\nEnglish: shower\nScots: shour, shouer, shoor, shooer",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Middle English: schour, schoure, schowre, schoure, shour, shoure, shower, showre, scur, shur (Early Middle English)\nEnglish: shower\nScots: shour, shouer, shoor, shooer"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐍃𐌺𐌿𐍂𐌰",
"tr": "skūra"
},
"expansion": "Gothic: 𐍃𐌺𐌿𐍂𐌰 (skūra)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gothic: 𐍃𐌺𐌿𐍂𐌰 (skūra)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "*kuuro",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Proto-Finnic: *kuuro",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Proto-Finnic: *kuuro (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "kuura",
"bor": "1",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": "→? Finnish: kuura",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→? Finnish: kuura"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*(s)ḱēwer-",
"t": "north; north wind; cold wind; rain shower"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(s)ḱēwer- (“north; north wind; cold wind; rain shower”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*(s)ḱeh₁w-",
"4": "*(s)ḱyeh₂w-",
"t": "north; north wind; cold wind; rain shower"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(s)ḱyeh₂w- (“north; north wind; cold wind; rain shower”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*sě̀verъ",
"t": "north"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *sě̀verъ (“north”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "šiaurỹs",
"3": "",
"4": "north wind"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian šiaurỹs (“north wind”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "šiáurė",
"3": "",
"4": "north"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian šiáurė (“north”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*(s)ḱew-",
"t": "to stir up, excite"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(s)ḱew- (“to stir up, excite”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*(s)kewH-",
"t": "to cover"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(s)kewH- (“to cover”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*skéh₃-ur"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *skéh₃-ur",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Of disputed origin:\n* From a Proto-Indo-European root variously reconstructed as Proto-Indo-European *(s)ḱēwer- (“north; north wind; cold wind; rain shower”) or Proto-Indo-European *(s)ḱyeh₂w- (“north; north wind; cold wind; rain shower”), in the latter case in the ablaut form *(s)ḱyh̥₂u-. Cognate with Proto-Slavic *sě̀verъ (“north”), Lithuanian šiaurỹs (“north wind”) and Lithuanian šiáurė (“north”). This theory is tentatively supported by Orel, but rejected by Kroonen, apparently due to the rather tenuous semantics.\n* From Proto-Indo-European *(s)ḱew- (“to stir up, excite”); or from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kewH- (“to cover”).\n* According to Kroonen, from an earlier *skewur, from Proto-Indo-European *skéh₃-ur, the ur-stem of *(s)ḱeh₃- (“shade, shadow”) (which Kroonen reconstructs as *skeh₁-).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ō-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "skūrō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "skūrôz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "skūrō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "skūrôz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "skūrǭ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "skūrōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "skūrōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "skūrǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "skūrōi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "skūrōmaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "skūrō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "skūrōmiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/skūrō",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"gem-pro:Weather"
],
"glosses": [
"storm"
],
"links": [
[
"storm",
"storm"
]
],
"senseid": [
"gem-pro:storm"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "*sturmaz"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"gem-pro:Rain"
],
"glosses": [
"short shower (of rain / hail)"
],
"links": [
[
"short",
"short"
],
[
"shower",
"shower"
],
[
"of",
"of"
],
[
"rain",
"rain"
],
[
"hail",
"hail"
]
],
"senseid": [
"gem-pro:shower"
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈskuː.rɔː/"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
],
"word": "skūrō"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Germanic feminine nouns",
"Proto-Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-Germanic nouns",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *(s)kewH-",
"Proto-Germanic ō-stem nouns"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*skūru"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *skūru",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *skūru"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "skūre"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian: skūre",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Frisian: skūre"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "skuorre"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian: skuorre",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "West Frisian: skuorre"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "skūr"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: skūr",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: skūr"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "schūr",
"3": "schure",
"4": "schüre"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German: schūr, schure, schüre",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Low German: schūr, schure, schüre"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "Schüür"
},
"expansion": "Low German: Schüür",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Low German: Schüür"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "et",
"2": "kuur",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Estonian: kuur",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Estonian: kuur"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "*skúrr",
"bor": "1",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": "→? Old Norse: *skúrr",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→? Old Norse: *skúrr"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "skúr"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic: skúr",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Icelandic: skúr"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "skur"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian Nynorsk: skur",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Norwegian Nynorsk: skur"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "scūr",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Old High German: scūr",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "probably; perhaps native"
},
"expansion": "(probably; perhaps native)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "→ Old High German: scūr (probably; perhaps native)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "schūr"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German: schūr",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle High German: schūr"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Schauer"
},
"expansion": "German: Schauer",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dialectal"
},
"expansion": "(dialectal)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "German: Schauer (dialectal)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "skūra"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: skūra",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: skūra"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "scūre"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch: scūre",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Dutch: scūre"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "schuur"
},
"expansion": "Dutch: schuur",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Dutch: schuur"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "af",
"2": "skuur"
},
"expansion": "Afrikaans: skuur",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Afrikaans: skuur"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "skiura",
"3": "skūra"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: skiura, skūra",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: skiura, skūra"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "schiure",
"3": "schūre"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German: schiure, schūre",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle High German: schiure, schūre"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Scheuer"
},
"expansion": "German: Scheuer",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German: Scheuer"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-tsx",
"2": "Schyre",
"3": "Schure"
},
"expansion": "Transylvanian Saxon: Schyre, Schure",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Transylvanian Saxon: Schyre, Schure"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "șură",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Romanian: șură",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Romanian: șură"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "scuro",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Italian: scuro",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Italian: scuro"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "escure",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Old French: escure",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Old French: escure"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Scheune"
},
"expansion": "German Scheune",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mixed with the word which is now German <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"de\">Scheune</i>, or this represents a different oblique stem"
},
"expansion": "(mixed with the word which is now German Scheune, or this represents a different oblique stem)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Salian Frankish: *screunu (mixed with the word which is now German Scheune, or this represents a different oblique stem)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ML.",
"2": "screona",
"3": "screuna",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Medieval Latin: screona, screuna",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Medieval Latin: screona, screuna"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "escriene",
"3": "escraingne",
"4": "escrienne",
"5": "escrainge",
"6": "ecrene",
"7": "escreigne",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Old French: escriene, escraingne, escrienne, escrainge, ecrene, escreigne",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Old French: escriene, escraingne, escrienne, escrainge, ecrene, escreigne"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frm",
"2": "escriegne",
"3": "escraigne",
"4": "escrangne",
"5": "escregne",
"6": "escrene",
"7": "escrenne",
"8": "ecreigne",
"9": "ecraigne"
},
"expansion": "Middle French: escriegne, escraigne, escrangne, escregne, escrene, escrenne, ecreigne, ecraigne",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle French: escriegne, escraigne, escrangne, escregne, escrene, escrenne, ecreigne, ecraigne"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "écrenne",
"3": "écraigne"
},
"expansion": "French: écrenne, écraigne",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "obsolete",
"2": "",
"3": "a sort of underground, insulated peasant house, covered with manure"
},
"expansion": "(obsolete, a sort of underground, insulated peasant house, covered with manure)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "French: écrenne, écraigne (obsolete, a sort of underground, insulated peasant house, covered with manure)"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*(s)kewH-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Scheune",
"t": "barn"
},
"expansion": "German Scheune (“barn”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*skuH-ro-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *skuH-ro-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "स्कुनाति",
"3": "",
"4": "he covers, protects"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit स्कुनाति (skunāti, “he covers, protects”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Related to an earlier *sku(w)enjō- (whence modern German Scheune (“barn”)), from *sku(w)en-, possibly from the dative form *sku(w)eni, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *skuH-ro-, from *(s)kewH- (“to cover”), related to Sanskrit स्कुनाति (skunāti, “he covers, protects”). Alternatively, the pre-form *sku(w)enjō- is considered by Kroonen to stem from the same root as the \"shower\" sense of Etymology 1.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ō-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "skūrō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "skūrôz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "skūrō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "skūrôz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "skūrǭ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "skūrōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "skūrōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "skūrǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "skūrōi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "skūrōmaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "skūrō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "skūrōmiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/skūrō",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"english": "house",
"word": "hūsą"
},
{
"english": "shelter, hiding place",
"word": "skeulą"
},
{
"english": "to shelter, hide",
"word": "skiulijaną"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"gem-pro:Buildings and structures"
],
"glosses": [
"shelter, shack"
],
"links": [
[
"shelter",
"shelter"
],
[
"shack",
"shack"
]
],
"senseid": [
"gem-pro:shelter"
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "skūrō"
}
Download raw JSONL data for skūrō meaning in Proto-Germanic (15.4kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-02-17 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-02-02 using wiktextract (ca09fec and c40eb85). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.