"sairaz" meaning in Proto-Germanic

See sairaz in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Adjective

IPA: /ˈsɑi̯.rɑz/
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *seh₂yro-, enlargement of *seh₂y- (“to be fierce, afflict”) (compare Hittite [script needed] (sāwar, “anger”), Welsh hoed (“pain”), and Latin saevus. Solmsen also connects Ancient Greek αἱμωδία (haimōdía, “sensation of having teeth on edge”) to the Proto-Germanic word as well. Etymology templates: {{der|gem-pro|ine-pro|*seh₂yro-}} Proto-Indo-European *seh₂yro-, {{cog|hit|||anger|tr=sāwar}} Hittite [script needed] (sāwar, “anger”), {{cog|cy|hoed||pain}} Welsh hoed (“pain”), {{cog|la|saevus}} Latin saevus, {{cog|grc|αἱμωδία||sensation of having teeth on edge}} Ancient Greek αἱμωδία (haimōdía, “sensation of having teeth on edge”) Inflection templates: {{gem-decl-adj-a|sair}}, {{gem-decl-adj-table2|*sairaz|*sairanǭ|*sairas, -is|*sairammai|*sairanō|*sairai|*sairanz|*sairaizǫ̂|*sairaimaz|*sairaimiz|*sairō|*sairǭ|*sairaizōz|*sairaizōi|*sairaizō|*sairôz|*sairōz|*sairaizǫ̂|*sairaimaz|*sairaimiz|*sairą, -atō|*sairą, -atō|*sairas, -is|*sairammai|*sairanō|*sairō|*sairō|*sairaizǫ̂|*sairaimaz|*sairaimiz|*sairô|*sairanų|*sairiniz|*sairini|*sairinē|*sairaniz|*sairanunz|*sairanǫ̂|*sairammaz|*sairammiz|*sairǭ|*sairōnų|*sairōniz|*sairōni|*sairōnē|*sairōniz|*sairōnunz|*sairōnǫ̂|*sairōmaz|*sairōmiz|*sairô|*sairô|*sairiniz|*sairini|*sairinē|*sairōnō|*sairōnō|*sairanǫ̂|*sairammaz|*sairammiz|title=*sairaz (a-stem)}} Forms: no-table-tags [table-tags], sairaz [masculine, nominative, singular, strong], sairai [masculine, nominative, plural, strong], sairō [feminine, nominative, singular, strong], sairôz [feminine, nominative, plural, strong], sairą [neuter, nominative, singular, strong], -atō [neuter, nominative, singular, strong], sairō [neuter, nominative, plural, strong], sairanǭ [accusative, masculine, singular, strong], sairanz [accusative, masculine, plural, strong], sairǭ [accusative, feminine, singular, strong], sairōz [accusative, feminine, plural, strong], sairą [accusative, neuter, singular, strong], -atō [accusative, neuter, singular, strong], sairō [accusative, neuter, plural, strong], sairas [genitive, masculine, singular, strong], -is [genitive, masculine, singular, strong], sairaizǫ̂ [genitive, masculine, plural, strong], sairaizōz [feminine, genitive, singular, strong], sairaizǫ̂ [feminine, genitive, plural, strong], sairas [genitive, neuter, singular, strong], -is [genitive, neuter, singular, strong], sairaizǫ̂ [genitive, neuter, plural, strong], sairammai [dative, masculine, singular, strong], sairaimaz [dative, masculine, plural, strong], sairaizōi [dative, feminine, singular, strong], sairaimaz [dative, feminine, plural, strong], sairammai [dative, neuter, singular, strong], sairaimaz [dative, neuter, plural, strong], sairanō [instrumental, masculine, singular, strong], sairaimiz [instrumental, masculine, plural, strong], sairaizō [feminine, instrumental, singular, strong], sairaimiz [feminine, instrumental, plural, strong], sairanō [instrumental, neuter, singular, strong], sairaimiz [instrumental, neuter, plural, strong], sairô [masculine, nominative, singular, weak], sairaniz [masculine, nominative, plural, weak], sairǭ [feminine, nominative, singular, weak], sairōniz [feminine, nominative, plural, weak], sairô [neuter, nominative, singular, weak], sairōnō [neuter, nominative, plural, weak], sairanų [accusative, masculine, singular, weak], sairanunz [accusative, masculine, plural, weak], sairōnų [accusative, feminine, singular, weak], sairōnunz [accusative, feminine, plural, weak], sairô [accusative, neuter, singular, weak], sairōnō [accusative, neuter, plural, weak], sairiniz [genitive, masculine, singular, weak], sairanǫ̂ [genitive, masculine, plural, weak], sairōniz [feminine, genitive, singular, weak], sairōnǫ̂ [feminine, genitive, plural, weak], sairiniz [genitive, neuter, singular, weak], sairanǫ̂ [genitive, neuter, plural, weak], sairini [dative, masculine, singular, weak], sairammaz [dative, masculine, plural, weak], sairōni [dative, feminine, singular, weak], sairōmaz [dative, feminine, plural, weak], sairini [dative, neuter, singular, weak], sairammaz [dative, neuter, plural, weak], sairinē [instrumental, masculine, singular, weak], sairammiz [instrumental, masculine, plural, weak], sairōnē [feminine, instrumental, singular, weak], sairōmiz [feminine, instrumental, plural, weak], sairinē [instrumental, neuter, singular, weak], sairammiz [instrumental, neuter, plural, weak]
  1. sore, painful Wikipedia link: Brill Publishers Tags: reconstruction Derived forms: sairijaną Related terms: sairą, sairagaz
    Sense id: en-sairaz-gem-pro-adj-~bej4JoH Categories (other): Pages with 1 entry, Pages with entries, Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header
{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gmw-pro",
            "2": "*sair",
            "id": "painful"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *sair\nOld English: sār\nMiddle English: sore, sar, sor\nScots: sare, sair\nEnglish: sore\nOld Frisian: *sēr, *sār\nSaterland Frisian: seer\nWest Frisian: sear\nOld Saxon: sēr\nMiddle Low German: sēr\nGerman Low German: sehr\nOld Dutch: *sēr\nMiddle Dutch: sêer\nDutch: zeer\nAfrikaans: seer\nOld High German: sēr\nMiddle High German: sēr\nAlemannic German: seer\nGerman: sehr\nLuxembourgish: séier\nYiddish: זייער (zeyer)",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-West Germanic: *sair\nOld English: sār\nMiddle English: sore, sar, sor\nScots: sare, sair\nEnglish: sore\nOld Frisian: *sēr, *sār\nSaterland Frisian: seer\nWest Frisian: sear\nOld Saxon: sēr\nMiddle Low German: sēr\nGerman Low German: sehr\nOld Dutch: *sēr\nMiddle Dutch: sêer\nDutch: zeer\nAfrikaans: seer\nOld High German: sēr\nMiddle High German: sēr\nAlemannic German: seer\nGerman: sehr\nLuxembourgish: séier\nYiddish: זייער (zeyer)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "non",
            "2": "sárr"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Norse: sárr",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Norse: sárr"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "is",
            "2": "sár"
          },
          "expansion": "Icelandic: sár",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Icelandic: sár"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "fo",
            "2": "sárur"
          },
          "expansion": "Faroese: sárur",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Faroese: sárur"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "nrn",
            "2": "sår"
          },
          "expansion": "Norn: sår",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Norn: sår"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "no",
            "2": "sår"
          },
          "expansion": "Norwegian: sår",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Norwegian: sår"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gmq-osw",
            "2": "sar",
            "alt": "sār"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Swedish: sār",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Swedish: sār"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sv",
            "2": "sår"
          },
          "expansion": "Swedish: sår",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Swedish: sår"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gmq-oda",
            "2": "sar",
            "3": "saar",
            "alt": "sār"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Danish: sār, saar",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Danish: sār, saar"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "da",
            "2": "sår"
          },
          "expansion": "Danish: sår",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Danish: sår"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gmq-ogt",
            "2": "sar"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Gutnish: sar",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Gutnish: sar"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gmq-gut",
            "2": "sarur",
            "3": "sårur"
          },
          "expansion": "Gutnish: sarur, sårur",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Gutnish: sarur, sårur"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "urj-fin-pro",
            "2": "*sairas",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Proto-Finnic: *sairas\nFinnish: sairas\n→ Karelian: šairas\n→ Votic: sairõz",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Proto-Finnic: *sairas\nFinnish: sairas\n→ Karelian: šairas\n→ Votic: sairõz"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*seh₂yro-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *seh₂yro-",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "hit",
        "2": "",
        "3": "",
        "4": "anger",
        "tr": "sāwar"
      },
      "expansion": "Hittite [script needed] (sāwar, “anger”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cy",
        "2": "hoed",
        "3": "",
        "4": "pain"
      },
      "expansion": "Welsh hoed (“pain”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "saevus"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin saevus",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "αἱμωδία",
        "3": "",
        "4": "sensation of having teeth on edge"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek αἱμωδία (haimōdía, “sensation of having teeth on edge”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *seh₂yro-, enlargement of *seh₂y- (“to be fierce, afflict”) (compare Hittite [script needed] (sāwar, “anger”), Welsh hoed (“pain”), and Latin saevus. Solmsen also connects Ancient Greek αἱμωδία (haimōdía, “sensation of having teeth on edge”) to the Proto-Germanic word as well.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gem-decl-adj-a",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "a-stem",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sairaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sairai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sairō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sairôz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sairą",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-atō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sairō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sairanǭ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sairanz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sairǭ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sairōz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sairą",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-atō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sairō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sairas",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-is",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sairaizǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sairaizōz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sairaizǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sairas",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-is",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sairaizǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sairammai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sairaimaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sairaizōi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sairaimaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sairammai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sairaimaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sairanō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sairaimiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sairaizō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sairaimiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sairanō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sairaimiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sairô",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sairaniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sairǭ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sairōniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sairô",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sairōnō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sairanų",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sairanunz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sairōnų",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sairōnunz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sairô",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sairōnō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sairiniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sairanǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sairōniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sairōnǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sairiniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sairanǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sairini",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sairammaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sairōni",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sairōmaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sairini",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sairammaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sairinē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sairammiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sairōnē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sairōmiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sairinē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sairammiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sair"
      },
      "name": "gem-decl-adj-a"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "*sairaz",
        "10": "*sairaimiz",
        "11": "*sairō",
        "12": "*sairǭ",
        "13": "*sairaizōz",
        "14": "*sairaizōi",
        "15": "*sairaizō",
        "16": "*sairôz",
        "17": "*sairōz",
        "18": "*sairaizǫ̂",
        "19": "*sairaimaz",
        "2": "*sairanǭ",
        "20": "*sairaimiz",
        "21": "*sairą, -atō",
        "22": "*sairą, -atō",
        "23": "*sairas, -is",
        "24": "*sairammai",
        "25": "*sairanō",
        "26": "*sairō",
        "27": "*sairō",
        "28": "*sairaizǫ̂",
        "29": "*sairaimaz",
        "3": "*sairas, -is",
        "30": "*sairaimiz",
        "31": "*sairô",
        "32": "*sairanų",
        "33": "*sairiniz",
        "34": "*sairini",
        "35": "*sairinē",
        "36": "*sairaniz",
        "37": "*sairanunz",
        "38": "*sairanǫ̂",
        "39": "*sairammaz",
        "4": "*sairammai",
        "40": "*sairammiz",
        "41": "*sairǭ",
        "42": "*sairōnų",
        "43": "*sairōniz",
        "44": "*sairōni",
        "45": "*sairōnē",
        "46": "*sairōniz",
        "47": "*sairōnunz",
        "48": "*sairōnǫ̂",
        "49": "*sairōmaz",
        "5": "*sairanō",
        "50": "*sairōmiz",
        "51": "*sairô",
        "52": "*sairô",
        "53": "*sairiniz",
        "54": "*sairini",
        "55": "*sairinē",
        "56": "*sairōnō",
        "57": "*sairōnō",
        "58": "*sairanǫ̂",
        "59": "*sairammaz",
        "6": "*sairai",
        "60": "*sairammiz",
        "7": "*sairanz",
        "8": "*sairaizǫ̂",
        "9": "*sairaimaz",
        "title": "*sairaz (a-stem)"
      },
      "name": "gem-decl-adj-table2"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Germanic",
  "lang_code": "gem-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/sairaz",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "derived": [
        {
          "word": "sairijaną"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "sore, painful"
      ],
      "id": "en-sairaz-gem-pro-adj-~bej4JoH",
      "links": [
        [
          "sore",
          "sore"
        ],
        [
          "painful",
          "painful"
        ]
      ],
      "related": [
        {
          "word": "sairą"
        },
        {
          "word": "sairagaz"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ],
      "wikipedia": [
        "Brill Publishers"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈsɑi̯.rɑz/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "sairaz"
}
{
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "sairijaną"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gmw-pro",
            "2": "*sair",
            "id": "painful"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *sair\nOld English: sār\nMiddle English: sore, sar, sor\nScots: sare, sair\nEnglish: sore\nOld Frisian: *sēr, *sār\nSaterland Frisian: seer\nWest Frisian: sear\nOld Saxon: sēr\nMiddle Low German: sēr\nGerman Low German: sehr\nOld Dutch: *sēr\nMiddle Dutch: sêer\nDutch: zeer\nAfrikaans: seer\nOld High German: sēr\nMiddle High German: sēr\nAlemannic German: seer\nGerman: sehr\nLuxembourgish: séier\nYiddish: זייער (zeyer)",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-West Germanic: *sair\nOld English: sār\nMiddle English: sore, sar, sor\nScots: sare, sair\nEnglish: sore\nOld Frisian: *sēr, *sār\nSaterland Frisian: seer\nWest Frisian: sear\nOld Saxon: sēr\nMiddle Low German: sēr\nGerman Low German: sehr\nOld Dutch: *sēr\nMiddle Dutch: sêer\nDutch: zeer\nAfrikaans: seer\nOld High German: sēr\nMiddle High German: sēr\nAlemannic German: seer\nGerman: sehr\nLuxembourgish: séier\nYiddish: זייער (zeyer)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "non",
            "2": "sárr"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Norse: sárr",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Norse: sárr"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "is",
            "2": "sár"
          },
          "expansion": "Icelandic: sár",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Icelandic: sár"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "fo",
            "2": "sárur"
          },
          "expansion": "Faroese: sárur",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Faroese: sárur"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "nrn",
            "2": "sår"
          },
          "expansion": "Norn: sår",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Norn: sår"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "no",
            "2": "sår"
          },
          "expansion": "Norwegian: sår",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Norwegian: sår"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gmq-osw",
            "2": "sar",
            "alt": "sār"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Swedish: sār",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Swedish: sār"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sv",
            "2": "sår"
          },
          "expansion": "Swedish: sår",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Swedish: sår"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gmq-oda",
            "2": "sar",
            "3": "saar",
            "alt": "sār"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Danish: sār, saar",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Danish: sār, saar"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "da",
            "2": "sår"
          },
          "expansion": "Danish: sår",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Danish: sår"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gmq-ogt",
            "2": "sar"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Gutnish: sar",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Gutnish: sar"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gmq-gut",
            "2": "sarur",
            "3": "sårur"
          },
          "expansion": "Gutnish: sarur, sårur",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Gutnish: sarur, sårur"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "urj-fin-pro",
            "2": "*sairas",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Proto-Finnic: *sairas\nFinnish: sairas\n→ Karelian: šairas\n→ Votic: sairõz",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Proto-Finnic: *sairas\nFinnish: sairas\n→ Karelian: šairas\n→ Votic: sairõz"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*seh₂yro-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *seh₂yro-",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "hit",
        "2": "",
        "3": "",
        "4": "anger",
        "tr": "sāwar"
      },
      "expansion": "Hittite [script needed] (sāwar, “anger”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cy",
        "2": "hoed",
        "3": "",
        "4": "pain"
      },
      "expansion": "Welsh hoed (“pain”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "saevus"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin saevus",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "αἱμωδία",
        "3": "",
        "4": "sensation of having teeth on edge"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek αἱμωδία (haimōdía, “sensation of having teeth on edge”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *seh₂yro-, enlargement of *seh₂y- (“to be fierce, afflict”) (compare Hittite [script needed] (sāwar, “anger”), Welsh hoed (“pain”), and Latin saevus. Solmsen also connects Ancient Greek αἱμωδία (haimōdía, “sensation of having teeth on edge”) to the Proto-Germanic word as well.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gem-decl-adj-a",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "a-stem",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sairaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sairai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sairō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sairôz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sairą",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-atō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sairō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sairanǭ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sairanz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sairǭ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sairōz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sairą",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-atō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sairō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sairas",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-is",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sairaizǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sairaizōz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sairaizǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sairas",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-is",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sairaizǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sairammai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sairaimaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sairaizōi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sairaimaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sairammai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sairaimaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sairanō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sairaimiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sairaizō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sairaimiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sairanō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sairaimiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sairô",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sairaniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sairǭ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sairōniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sairô",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sairōnō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sairanų",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sairanunz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sairōnų",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sairōnunz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sairô",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sairōnō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sairiniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sairanǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sairōniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sairōnǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sairiniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sairanǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sairini",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sairammaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sairōni",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sairōmaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sairini",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sairammaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sairinē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sairammiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sairōnē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sairōmiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sairinē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sairammiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sair"
      },
      "name": "gem-decl-adj-a"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "*sairaz",
        "10": "*sairaimiz",
        "11": "*sairō",
        "12": "*sairǭ",
        "13": "*sairaizōz",
        "14": "*sairaizōi",
        "15": "*sairaizō",
        "16": "*sairôz",
        "17": "*sairōz",
        "18": "*sairaizǫ̂",
        "19": "*sairaimaz",
        "2": "*sairanǭ",
        "20": "*sairaimiz",
        "21": "*sairą, -atō",
        "22": "*sairą, -atō",
        "23": "*sairas, -is",
        "24": "*sairammai",
        "25": "*sairanō",
        "26": "*sairō",
        "27": "*sairō",
        "28": "*sairaizǫ̂",
        "29": "*sairaimaz",
        "3": "*sairas, -is",
        "30": "*sairaimiz",
        "31": "*sairô",
        "32": "*sairanų",
        "33": "*sairiniz",
        "34": "*sairini",
        "35": "*sairinē",
        "36": "*sairaniz",
        "37": "*sairanunz",
        "38": "*sairanǫ̂",
        "39": "*sairammaz",
        "4": "*sairammai",
        "40": "*sairammiz",
        "41": "*sairǭ",
        "42": "*sairōnų",
        "43": "*sairōniz",
        "44": "*sairōni",
        "45": "*sairōnē",
        "46": "*sairōniz",
        "47": "*sairōnunz",
        "48": "*sairōnǫ̂",
        "49": "*sairōmaz",
        "5": "*sairanō",
        "50": "*sairōmiz",
        "51": "*sairô",
        "52": "*sairô",
        "53": "*sairiniz",
        "54": "*sairini",
        "55": "*sairinē",
        "56": "*sairōnō",
        "57": "*sairōnō",
        "58": "*sairanǫ̂",
        "59": "*sairammaz",
        "6": "*sairai",
        "60": "*sairammiz",
        "7": "*sairanz",
        "8": "*sairaizǫ̂",
        "9": "*sairaimaz",
        "title": "*sairaz (a-stem)"
      },
      "name": "gem-decl-adj-table2"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Germanic",
  "lang_code": "gem-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/sairaz",
  "pos": "adj",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "sairą"
    },
    {
      "word": "sairagaz"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Pages with 1 entry",
        "Pages with entries",
        "Proto-Germanic a-stem adjectives",
        "Proto-Germanic adjectives",
        "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
        "Proto-Germanic lemmas",
        "Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
        "Requests for native script for Hittite terms"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "sore, painful"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "sore",
          "sore"
        ],
        [
          "painful",
          "painful"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ],
      "wikipedia": [
        "Brill Publishers"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈsɑi̯.rɑz/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "sairaz"
}

Download raw JSONL data for sairaz meaning in Proto-Germanic (12.5kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.