See rustaz in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*rust"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *rust",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *rust"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "rust",
"3": "rūst"
},
"expansion": "Old English: rust, rūst",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old English: rust, rūst"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "rust"
},
"expansion": "Middle English: rust, rost, roste, roust, rouste, ruste\nEnglish: rust\nScots: roost, roust",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Middle English: rust, rost, roste, roust, rouste, ruste\nEnglish: rust\nScots: roost, roust"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "*rust",
"3": "*rost"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian: *rust, *rost",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Frisian: *rust, *rost"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "rust"
},
"expansion": "Saterland Frisian: rust",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Saterland Frisian: rust"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "roast"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian: roast",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "West Frisian: roast"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "rost"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: rost",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: rost"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "rost"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German: rost",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Low German: rost"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nds-de",
"2": "Rost"
},
"expansion": "German Low German: Rost",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German Low German: Rost"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "*rost",
"3": "*rōst"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: *rost, *rōst",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: *rost, *rōst"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "rost",
"3": "roest"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch: rost, roest",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Dutch: rost, roest"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "roest"
},
"expansion": "Dutch: roest",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Dutch: roest"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "af",
"2": "roes"
},
"expansion": "Afrikaans: roes",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Afrikaans: roes"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "rost"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: rost",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: rost"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "rost"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German: rost",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle High German: rost"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Rost"
},
"expansion": "German: Rost",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German: Rost"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lb",
"2": "Rascht"
},
"expansion": "Luxembourgish: Rascht",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Luxembourgish: Rascht (etymology 1)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "*rustr"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: *rustr",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: *rustr (possibly borrowed)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "rust",
"3": "ryst"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian: rust, ryst",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Norwegian: rust, ryst (dialectal)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "rost"
},
"expansion": "Swedish: rost",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Swedish: rost"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "rust"
},
"expansion": "Danish: rust",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Danish: rust"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "*𐍂𐌿𐍃-"
},
"expansion": "Gothic: *𐍂𐌿𐍃- (*rus-)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "suggested Gothic form of the element Ros- found in some Latinized Gothic names"
},
"expansion": "(suggested Gothic form of the element Ros- found in some Latinized Gothic names)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Gothic: *𐍂𐌿𐍃- (*rus-) (suggested Gothic form of the element Ros- found in some Latinized Gothic names)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "*roostëk",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Proto-Finnic: *roostëk",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Proto-Finnic: *roostëk (see there for further descendants)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₁rewdʰ-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₁rewdʰ-",
"4": "",
"5": "red"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₁rewdʰ- (“red”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "rùstas",
"t": "brown-red"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian rùstas (“brown-red”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "russus",
"3": "",
"4": "red, reddish-brown"
},
"expansion": "Latin russus (“red, reddish-brown”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*rusъ",
"3": "",
"4": "fair, blonde (of hair), yellow, red, light-colored"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *rusъ (“fair, blonde (of hair), yellow, red, light-colored”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "ру́сый",
"3": "",
"4": "fair(-haired), blond(e), light brown (of hair), dirty blond"
},
"expansion": "Russian ру́сый (rúsyj, “fair(-haired), blond(e), light brown (of hair), dirty blond”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Pre-Germanic *rudʰ-s-tos-, derived from Proto-Indo-European *h₁rewdʰ- (“red”). Compare Lithuanian rùstas (“brown-red”). Also compare Latin russus (“red, reddish-brown”), Proto-Slavic *rusъ (“fair, blonde (of hair), yellow, red, light-colored”) (whence Russian ру́сый (rúsyj, “fair(-haired), blond(e), light brown (of hair), dirty blond”)).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "rustaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rustōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rustōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rust",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "rustōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "rustōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "rustą",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rustanz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rustas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rustis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rustǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rustai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rustamaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rustō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rustamiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/rustaz",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "rustagaz"
}
],
"glosses": [
"rust"
],
"id": "en-rustaz-gem-pro-noun-Uh~lyezh",
"links": [
[
"rust",
"rust"
]
],
"related": [
{
"word": "raudaz"
},
{
"word": "rudō"
},
{
"word": "rusmô"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈrus.tɑz/"
}
],
"word": "rustaz"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "rustagaz"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*rust"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *rust",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *rust"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "rust",
"3": "rūst"
},
"expansion": "Old English: rust, rūst",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old English: rust, rūst"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "rust"
},
"expansion": "Middle English: rust, rost, roste, roust, rouste, ruste\nEnglish: rust\nScots: roost, roust",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Middle English: rust, rost, roste, roust, rouste, ruste\nEnglish: rust\nScots: roost, roust"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "*rust",
"3": "*rost"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian: *rust, *rost",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Frisian: *rust, *rost"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "rust"
},
"expansion": "Saterland Frisian: rust",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Saterland Frisian: rust"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "roast"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian: roast",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "West Frisian: roast"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "rost"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: rost",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: rost"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "rost"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German: rost",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Low German: rost"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nds-de",
"2": "Rost"
},
"expansion": "German Low German: Rost",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German Low German: Rost"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "*rost",
"3": "*rōst"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: *rost, *rōst",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: *rost, *rōst"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "rost",
"3": "roest"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch: rost, roest",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Dutch: rost, roest"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "roest"
},
"expansion": "Dutch: roest",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Dutch: roest"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "af",
"2": "roes"
},
"expansion": "Afrikaans: roes",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Afrikaans: roes"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "rost"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: rost",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: rost"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "rost"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German: rost",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle High German: rost"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Rost"
},
"expansion": "German: Rost",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German: Rost"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lb",
"2": "Rascht"
},
"expansion": "Luxembourgish: Rascht",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Luxembourgish: Rascht (etymology 1)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "*rustr"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: *rustr",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: *rustr (possibly borrowed)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "rust",
"3": "ryst"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian: rust, ryst",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Norwegian: rust, ryst (dialectal)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "rost"
},
"expansion": "Swedish: rost",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Swedish: rost"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "rust"
},
"expansion": "Danish: rust",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Danish: rust"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "*𐍂𐌿𐍃-"
},
"expansion": "Gothic: *𐍂𐌿𐍃- (*rus-)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "suggested Gothic form of the element Ros- found in some Latinized Gothic names"
},
"expansion": "(suggested Gothic form of the element Ros- found in some Latinized Gothic names)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Gothic: *𐍂𐌿𐍃- (*rus-) (suggested Gothic form of the element Ros- found in some Latinized Gothic names)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "*roostëk",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Proto-Finnic: *roostëk",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Proto-Finnic: *roostëk (see there for further descendants)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₁rewdʰ-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₁rewdʰ-",
"4": "",
"5": "red"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₁rewdʰ- (“red”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "rùstas",
"t": "brown-red"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian rùstas (“brown-red”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "russus",
"3": "",
"4": "red, reddish-brown"
},
"expansion": "Latin russus (“red, reddish-brown”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*rusъ",
"3": "",
"4": "fair, blonde (of hair), yellow, red, light-colored"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *rusъ (“fair, blonde (of hair), yellow, red, light-colored”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "ру́сый",
"3": "",
"4": "fair(-haired), blond(e), light brown (of hair), dirty blond"
},
"expansion": "Russian ру́сый (rúsyj, “fair(-haired), blond(e), light brown (of hair), dirty blond”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Pre-Germanic *rudʰ-s-tos-, derived from Proto-Indo-European *h₁rewdʰ- (“red”). Compare Lithuanian rùstas (“brown-red”). Also compare Latin russus (“red, reddish-brown”), Proto-Slavic *rusъ (“fair, blonde (of hair), yellow, red, light-colored”) (whence Russian ру́сый (rúsyj, “fair(-haired), blond(e), light brown (of hair), dirty blond”)).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "rustaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rustōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rustōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rust",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "rustōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "rustōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "rustą",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rustanz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rustas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rustis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rustǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rustai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rustamaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rustō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rustamiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/rustaz",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "raudaz"
},
{
"word": "rudō"
},
{
"word": "rusmô"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Germanic a-stem nouns",
"Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-Germanic masculine nouns",
"Proto-Germanic nouns",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₁rewdʰ-"
],
"glosses": [
"rust"
],
"links": [
[
"rust",
"rust"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈrus.tɑz/"
}
],
"word": "rustaz"
}
Download raw JSONL data for rustaz meaning in Proto-Germanic (7.7kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-15 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (8a39820 and 4401a4c). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.