See rukkô in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*rokkō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *rokkō",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *rokkō"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "*rocca"
},
"expansion": "Old English: *rocca",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old English: *rocca"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "rokke",
"3": "rocke",
"4": "rok"
},
"expansion": "Middle English: rokke, rocke, rok",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle English: rokke, rocke, rok"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "rok"
},
"expansion": "Scots: rok",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: rok"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "rock"
},
"expansion": "English: rock",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: rock"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "*rocko"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: *rocko",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: *rocko"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "rocke",
"3": "rocken"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German: rocke, rocken",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Low German: rocke, rocken"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "*rocco",
"3": "*rocko"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: *rocco, *rocko",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: *rocco, *rocko"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "rocke",
"3": "rocken"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch: rocke, rocken",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Dutch: rocke, rocken"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "rok"
},
"expansion": "Dutch: rok",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Dutch: rok"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "rokko",
"3": "rocko",
"4": "roccho",
"5": "rocho"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: rokko, rocko, roccho, rocho",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: rokko, rocko, roccho, rocho"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "rocke"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German: rocke",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle High German: rocke"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Rocken"
},
"expansion": "German: Rocken",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German: Rocken"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lng",
"2": "*rocco"
},
"expansion": "Lombardic: *rocco",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lombardic: *rocco"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "rocca",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Italian: rocca",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Italian: rocca; rocchetto, rocchetta"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ar",
"2": "رُكَّة",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Arabic: رُكَّة (rukka)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Arabic: رُكَّة (rukka)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "rocket",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: rocket",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: rocket"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "rocquet",
"3": "rochet",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Old French: rocquet, rochet",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Old French: rocquet, rochet"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "rochet"
},
"expansion": "French: rochet",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "French: rochet"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "rueca",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Spanish: rueca",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Spanish: rueca"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "roca",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Portuguese: roca",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Portuguese: roca"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "scn",
"2": "ruccheddu",
"3": "",
"alt2": "*rucchellu",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Sicilian: ruccheddu, *rucchellu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Sicilian: ruccheddu, *rucchellu"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mt",
"2": "rukkell",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Maltese: rukkell",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Maltese: rukkell"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "rokkr"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: rokkr",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: rokkr"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "rokkur"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic: rokkur",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Icelandic: rokkur"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fo",
"2": "rokkur"
},
"expansion": "Faroese: rokkur",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Faroese: rokkur"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "rok"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian: rok",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Norwegian: rok"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-osw",
"2": "rokker"
},
"expansion": "Old Swedish: rokker",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Swedish: rokker"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "rock"
},
"expansion": "Swedish: rock",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Swedish: rock"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "rukki",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Finnish: rukki",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Finnish: rukki"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "rok"
},
"expansion": "Danish: rok",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Danish: rok"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "uncertain",
"name": "unc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₃rewk-",
"t": "to dig, till"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₃rewk- (“to dig, till”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*rukn-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *rukn-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ruk-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ruk-",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Of uncertain origin. Probably from Proto-Indo-European *h₃rewk- (“to dig, till”), via a secondary formation. Other theories derive the term from Proto-Indo-European *rukn-, *rÁkn- (“weaving, web”), from Proto-Indo-European *ruk-, *rug- (“to spin, make clothes”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "an-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "rukkô",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rukkaniz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rukkô",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "rukkaniz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "rukkanų",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rukkanunz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rukkiniz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rukkanǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rukkini",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rukkammaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rukkinē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rukkammiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"g": "m"
},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/rukkô",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"spinning wheel, distaff"
],
"id": "en-rukkô-gem-pro-noun-xVjr3jew",
"links": [
[
"spinning wheel",
"spinning wheel"
],
[
"distaff",
"distaff"
]
],
"related": [
{
"word": "rangijǭ"
},
{
"word": "rukkaz"
},
{
"word": "hrukkaz"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈruk.kɔːː/"
}
],
"word": "rukkô"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*rokkō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *rokkō",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *rokkō"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "*rocca"
},
"expansion": "Old English: *rocca",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old English: *rocca"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "rokke",
"3": "rocke",
"4": "rok"
},
"expansion": "Middle English: rokke, rocke, rok",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle English: rokke, rocke, rok"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "rok"
},
"expansion": "Scots: rok",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: rok"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "rock"
},
"expansion": "English: rock",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: rock"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "*rocko"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: *rocko",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: *rocko"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "rocke",
"3": "rocken"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German: rocke, rocken",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Low German: rocke, rocken"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "*rocco",
"3": "*rocko"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: *rocco, *rocko",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: *rocco, *rocko"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "rocke",
"3": "rocken"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch: rocke, rocken",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Dutch: rocke, rocken"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "rok"
},
"expansion": "Dutch: rok",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Dutch: rok"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "rokko",
"3": "rocko",
"4": "roccho",
"5": "rocho"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: rokko, rocko, roccho, rocho",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: rokko, rocko, roccho, rocho"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "rocke"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German: rocke",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle High German: rocke"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Rocken"
},
"expansion": "German: Rocken",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German: Rocken"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lng",
"2": "*rocco"
},
"expansion": "Lombardic: *rocco",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lombardic: *rocco"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "rocca",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Italian: rocca",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Italian: rocca; rocchetto, rocchetta"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ar",
"2": "رُكَّة",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Arabic: رُكَّة (rukka)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Arabic: رُكَّة (rukka)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "rocket",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: rocket",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: rocket"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "rocquet",
"3": "rochet",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Old French: rocquet, rochet",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Old French: rocquet, rochet"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "rochet"
},
"expansion": "French: rochet",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "French: rochet"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "rueca",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Spanish: rueca",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Spanish: rueca"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "roca",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Portuguese: roca",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Portuguese: roca"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "scn",
"2": "ruccheddu",
"3": "",
"alt2": "*rucchellu",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Sicilian: ruccheddu, *rucchellu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Sicilian: ruccheddu, *rucchellu"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mt",
"2": "rukkell",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Maltese: rukkell",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Maltese: rukkell"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "rokkr"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: rokkr",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: rokkr"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "rokkur"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic: rokkur",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Icelandic: rokkur"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fo",
"2": "rokkur"
},
"expansion": "Faroese: rokkur",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Faroese: rokkur"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "rok"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian: rok",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Norwegian: rok"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-osw",
"2": "rokker"
},
"expansion": "Old Swedish: rokker",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Swedish: rokker"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "rock"
},
"expansion": "Swedish: rock",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Swedish: rock"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "rukki",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Finnish: rukki",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Finnish: rukki"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "rok"
},
"expansion": "Danish: rok",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Danish: rok"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "uncertain",
"name": "unc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₃rewk-",
"t": "to dig, till"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₃rewk- (“to dig, till”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*rukn-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *rukn-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ruk-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ruk-",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Of uncertain origin. Probably from Proto-Indo-European *h₃rewk- (“to dig, till”), via a secondary formation. Other theories derive the term from Proto-Indo-European *rukn-, *rÁkn- (“weaving, web”), from Proto-Indo-European *ruk-, *rug- (“to spin, make clothes”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "an-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "rukkô",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rukkaniz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rukkô",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "rukkaniz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "rukkanų",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rukkanunz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rukkiniz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rukkanǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rukkini",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rukkammaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rukkinē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rukkammiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"g": "m"
},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/rukkô",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "rangijǭ"
},
{
"word": "rukkaz"
},
{
"word": "hrukkaz"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Germanic an-stem nouns",
"Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-Germanic masculine nouns",
"Proto-Germanic nouns",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Germanic terms with unknown etymologies"
],
"glosses": [
"spinning wheel, distaff"
],
"links": [
[
"spinning wheel",
"spinning wheel"
],
[
"distaff",
"distaff"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈruk.kɔːː/"
}
],
"word": "rukkô"
}
Download raw JSONL data for rukkô meaning in Proto-Germanic (7.7kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-25 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-20 using wiktextract (c15a5ce and 5c11237). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.