See raukiz in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*rauki"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *rauki\nOld English: rēc, rīec, rēċ, rīeċ (possibly a loan from Old Norse)\nMiddle English: rek, reke, reche, rich, reech\nScots: reek, reke, reik\nEnglish: reek\nOld Frisian: rēk\nNorth Frisian: reck, rieck\nWest Frisian: reek, riik\nOld Saxon: rōk\nMiddle Low German: rôk\nGerman Low German: Rook\nLow German: Röök\n→ Saterland Frisian: Rook\nOld Dutch: *rōc\nMiddle Dutch: rôoc\nDutch: rook\n→ Middle English: roke (also possibly through Old Norse *rauk)\nScots: rok, roke, roik, rouk\nEnglish: roke\nOld High German: rouh\nMiddle High German: rouch\nGerman: Rauch\nLuxembourgish: Raach\nVilamovian: raojch\nYiddish: רויך (roykh)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *rauki\nOld English: rēc, rīec, rēċ, rīeċ (possibly a loan from Old Norse)\nMiddle English: rek, reke, reche, rich, reech\nScots: reek, reke, reik\nEnglish: reek\nOld Frisian: rēk\nNorth Frisian: reck, rieck\nWest Frisian: reek, riik\nOld Saxon: rōk\nMiddle Low German: rôk\nGerman Low German: Rook\nLow German: Röök\n→ Saterland Frisian: Rook\nOld Dutch: *rōc\nMiddle Dutch: rôoc\nDutch: rook\n→ Middle English: roke (also possibly through Old Norse *rauk)\nScots: rok, roke, roik, rouk\nEnglish: roke\nOld High German: rouh\nMiddle High German: rouch\nGerman: Rauch\nLuxembourgish: Raach\nVilamovian: raojch\nYiddish: רויך (roykh)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "reykr"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: reykr\nIcelandic: reykur m\nFaroese: roykur m\nNorwegian Nynorsk: røyk m\n→ Norwegian Bokmål: røyk m\nJamtish: røyk\nElfdalian: räk\nOld Swedish: rø̄ker m\nSwedish: rök c or m\nOld Danish: rø̄k m\nScanian: rǿg\nDanish: røg c\nNorwegian Bokmål: røk m\nOld Gutnish: *roykr\nGutnish: råik\n→ English: reek",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: reykr\nIcelandic: reykur m\nFaroese: roykur m\nNorwegian Nynorsk: røyk m\n→ Norwegian Bokmål: røyk m\nJamtish: røyk\nElfdalian: räk\nOld Swedish: rø̄ker m\nSwedish: rök c or m\nOld Danish: rø̄k m\nScanian: rǿg\nDanish: røg c\nNorwegian Bokmål: røk m\nOld Gutnish: *roykr\nGutnish: råik\n→ English: reek"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₁rewg-",
"4": "",
"5": "to erupt, vomit, burp"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₁rewg- (“to erupt, vomit, burp”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₁rew-",
"4": "",
"5": "to growl, grumble, roar"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₁rew- (“to growl, grumble, roar”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *h₁rewg- (“to erupt, vomit, burp”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁rew- (“to growl, grumble, roar”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "i-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "raukiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "raukīz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rauki",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "raukīz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "raukį",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "raukinz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "raukīz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "raukijǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "raukī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "raukimaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "raukī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "raukimiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/raukiz",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "raukijaną"
}
],
"glosses": [
"smoke, vapour"
],
"id": "en-raukiz-gem-pro-noun-df1Mo3U5",
"links": [
[
"smoke",
"smoke"
],
[
"vapour",
"vapour"
]
],
"related": [
{
"word": "reukaną"
},
{
"word": "rukiz"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "*aimaz"
},
{
"word": "*dwemrą"
},
{
"word": "*smukô"
},
{
"word": "*staumaz"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "raukiz"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "raukijaną"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*rauki"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *rauki\nOld English: rēc, rīec, rēċ, rīeċ (possibly a loan from Old Norse)\nMiddle English: rek, reke, reche, rich, reech\nScots: reek, reke, reik\nEnglish: reek\nOld Frisian: rēk\nNorth Frisian: reck, rieck\nWest Frisian: reek, riik\nOld Saxon: rōk\nMiddle Low German: rôk\nGerman Low German: Rook\nLow German: Röök\n→ Saterland Frisian: Rook\nOld Dutch: *rōc\nMiddle Dutch: rôoc\nDutch: rook\n→ Middle English: roke (also possibly through Old Norse *rauk)\nScots: rok, roke, roik, rouk\nEnglish: roke\nOld High German: rouh\nMiddle High German: rouch\nGerman: Rauch\nLuxembourgish: Raach\nVilamovian: raojch\nYiddish: רויך (roykh)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *rauki\nOld English: rēc, rīec, rēċ, rīeċ (possibly a loan from Old Norse)\nMiddle English: rek, reke, reche, rich, reech\nScots: reek, reke, reik\nEnglish: reek\nOld Frisian: rēk\nNorth Frisian: reck, rieck\nWest Frisian: reek, riik\nOld Saxon: rōk\nMiddle Low German: rôk\nGerman Low German: Rook\nLow German: Röök\n→ Saterland Frisian: Rook\nOld Dutch: *rōc\nMiddle Dutch: rôoc\nDutch: rook\n→ Middle English: roke (also possibly through Old Norse *rauk)\nScots: rok, roke, roik, rouk\nEnglish: roke\nOld High German: rouh\nMiddle High German: rouch\nGerman: Rauch\nLuxembourgish: Raach\nVilamovian: raojch\nYiddish: רויך (roykh)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "reykr"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: reykr\nIcelandic: reykur m\nFaroese: roykur m\nNorwegian Nynorsk: røyk m\n→ Norwegian Bokmål: røyk m\nJamtish: røyk\nElfdalian: räk\nOld Swedish: rø̄ker m\nSwedish: rök c or m\nOld Danish: rø̄k m\nScanian: rǿg\nDanish: røg c\nNorwegian Bokmål: røk m\nOld Gutnish: *roykr\nGutnish: råik\n→ English: reek",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: reykr\nIcelandic: reykur m\nFaroese: roykur m\nNorwegian Nynorsk: røyk m\n→ Norwegian Bokmål: røyk m\nJamtish: røyk\nElfdalian: räk\nOld Swedish: rø̄ker m\nSwedish: rök c or m\nOld Danish: rø̄k m\nScanian: rǿg\nDanish: røg c\nNorwegian Bokmål: røk m\nOld Gutnish: *roykr\nGutnish: råik\n→ English: reek"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₁rewg-",
"4": "",
"5": "to erupt, vomit, burp"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₁rewg- (“to erupt, vomit, burp”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₁rew-",
"4": "",
"5": "to growl, grumble, roar"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₁rew- (“to growl, grumble, roar”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *h₁rewg- (“to erupt, vomit, burp”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁rew- (“to growl, grumble, roar”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "i-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "raukiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "raukīz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rauki",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "raukīz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "raukį",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "raukinz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "raukīz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "raukijǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "raukī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "raukimaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "raukī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "raukimiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/raukiz",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "reukaną"
},
{
"word": "rukiz"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Germanic i-stem nouns",
"Proto-Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-Germanic masculine nouns",
"Proto-Germanic nouns",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"gem-pro:Fire",
"gem-pro:Gases",
"gem-pro:Water"
],
"glosses": [
"smoke, vapour"
],
"links": [
[
"smoke",
"smoke"
],
[
"vapour",
"vapour"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "*aimaz"
},
{
"word": "*dwemrą"
},
{
"word": "*smukô"
},
{
"word": "*staumaz"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "raukiz"
}
Download raw JSONL data for raukiz meaning in Proto-Germanic (4.8kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-09-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-08-20 using wiktextract (8e41825 and f99c758). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.