See rūnōstabaz in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*rūnustab"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *rūnustab",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *rūnustab"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "rūnstæf"
},
"expansion": "Old English: rūnstæf",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old English: rūnstæf"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "*rounstaf",
"3": "run-staf"
},
"expansion": "Middle English: *rounstaf, run-staf",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle English: *rounstaf, run-staf (attested in run-staven (plural))"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "runestaff",
"3": "runestave"
},
"expansion": "English: runestaff, runestave",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: runestaff, runestave"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "rūnstab"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: rūnstab",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: rūnstab; rūnstafa"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "rúnastafr"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: rúnastafr",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: rúnastafr"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "rúnastafur"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic: rúnastafur",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Icelandic: rúnastafur"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fo",
"2": "rúnastavur"
},
"expansion": "Faroese: rúnastavur",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Faroese: rúnastavur"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "runstav"
},
"expansion": "Swedish: runstav",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Swedish: runstav"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "runestav"
},
"expansion": "Danish: runestav",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Danish: runestav"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*stebʰ-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*rūnō",
"3": "*stabaz",
"t1": "secret, mystery, rune",
"t2": "staff, stick; letter of an alphabet"
},
"expansion": "*rūnō (“secret, mystery, rune”) + *stabaz (“staff, stick; letter of an alphabet”)",
"name": "compound"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From *rūnō (“secret, mystery, rune”) + *stabaz (“staff, stick; letter of an alphabet”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "rūnōstabaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rūnōstabōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rūnōstabōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rūnōstab",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "rūnōstabōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "rūnōstabōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "rūnōstabą",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rūnōstabanz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rūnōstabas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rūnōstabis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rūnōstabǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rūnōstabai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rūnōstabamaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rūnōstabō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rūnōstabamiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/rūnōstabaz",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a letter of the runic alphabet"
],
"id": "en-rūnōstabaz-gem-pro-noun-7UGaSfRD",
"links": [
[
"letter",
"letter"
],
[
"runic",
"runic"
]
],
"related": [
{
"word": "bōkstabaz"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈruː.nɔː.ˌstɑ.βɑz/"
}
],
"word": "rūnōstabaz"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*rūnustab"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *rūnustab",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *rūnustab"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "rūnstæf"
},
"expansion": "Old English: rūnstæf",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old English: rūnstæf"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "*rounstaf",
"3": "run-staf"
},
"expansion": "Middle English: *rounstaf, run-staf",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle English: *rounstaf, run-staf (attested in run-staven (plural))"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "runestaff",
"3": "runestave"
},
"expansion": "English: runestaff, runestave",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: runestaff, runestave"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "rūnstab"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: rūnstab",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: rūnstab; rūnstafa"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "rúnastafr"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: rúnastafr",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: rúnastafr"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "rúnastafur"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic: rúnastafur",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Icelandic: rúnastafur"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fo",
"2": "rúnastavur"
},
"expansion": "Faroese: rúnastavur",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Faroese: rúnastavur"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "runstav"
},
"expansion": "Swedish: runstav",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Swedish: runstav"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "runestav"
},
"expansion": "Danish: runestav",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Danish: runestav"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*stebʰ-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*rūnō",
"3": "*stabaz",
"t1": "secret, mystery, rune",
"t2": "staff, stick; letter of an alphabet"
},
"expansion": "*rūnō (“secret, mystery, rune”) + *stabaz (“staff, stick; letter of an alphabet”)",
"name": "compound"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From *rūnō (“secret, mystery, rune”) + *stabaz (“staff, stick; letter of an alphabet”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "rūnōstabaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rūnōstabōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rūnōstabōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rūnōstab",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "rūnōstabōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "rūnōstabōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "rūnōstabą",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rūnōstabanz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rūnōstabas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rūnōstabis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rūnōstabǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rūnōstabai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rūnōstabamaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rūnōstabō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rūnōstabamiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/rūnōstabaz",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "bōkstabaz"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Germanic a-stem nouns",
"Proto-Germanic compound terms",
"Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-Germanic masculine nouns",
"Proto-Germanic nouns",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *stebʰ-"
],
"glosses": [
"a letter of the runic alphabet"
],
"links": [
[
"letter",
"letter"
],
[
"runic",
"runic"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈruː.nɔː.ˌstɑ.βɑz/"
}
],
"word": "rūnōstabaz"
}
Download raw JSONL data for rūnōstabaz meaning in Proto-Germanic (4.5kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-05-16 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-05-01 using wiktextract (142890b and 1d3fdbf). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.