See pullaz in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "pullijaz"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*pull"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *pull",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *pull"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "pull"
},
"expansion": "Old English: pull",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old English: pull; (pyll < *pullijaz)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "pul",
"3": "pyll",
"4": "pill"
},
"expansion": "Middle English: pul, pyll, pill",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle English: pul, pyll, pill"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "pill"
},
"expansion": "English: pill",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: pill"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "*pull",
"3": "*poll"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: *pull, *poll",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: *pull, *poll"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "poll"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German: poll",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Low German: poll"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "pollr"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: pollr",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: pollr"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "pollur"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic: pollur",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Icelandic: pollur"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fo",
"2": "pollur"
},
"expansion": "Faroese: pollur",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Faroese: pollur"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "poll",
"3": "pow",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Scots: poll, pow",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Scots: poll, pow"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-bry-pro",
"2": "*pull",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Proto-Brythonic: *pull",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Proto-Brythonic: *pull"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "obt",
"2": "Pul-Bili",
"alt": "Pul-Bili",
"pos": "place name"
},
"expansion": "Old Breton: Pul-Bili (place name)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Breton: Pul-Bili (place name)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xbm",
"2": "pul",
"3": "poul",
"4": "poull"
},
"expansion": "Middle Breton: pul, poul, poull",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Breton: pul, poul, poull"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "br",
"2": "poull"
},
"expansion": "Breton: poull",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Breton: poull"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oco",
"2": "pol"
},
"expansion": "Old Cornish: pol",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Cornish: pol"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cnx",
"2": "pol"
},
"expansion": "Middle Cornish: pol",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Cornish: pol"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kw",
"2": "poll"
},
"expansion": "Cornish: poll",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Cornish: poll"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "wlm",
"2": "pwll"
},
"expansion": "Middle Welsh: pwll",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Welsh: pwll"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "pwll"
},
"expansion": "Welsh: pwll",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Welsh: pwll"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mga",
"2": "poll",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Middle Irish: poll",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Middle Irish: poll"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "poll"
},
"expansion": "Irish: poll",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Irish: poll"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gv",
"2": "poyll"
},
"expansion": "Manx: poyll",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Manx: poyll"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gd",
"2": "poll"
},
"expansion": "Scottish Gaelic: poll",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scottish Gaelic: poll"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "pool"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*bl̥nos",
"t": "bog, marsh"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *bl̥nos (“bog, marsh”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "balà",
"t": "bog; marsh; swamp; pool"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian balà (“bog; marsh; swamp; pool”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "bala",
"t": "a muddly, treeless depression"
},
"expansion": "Latvian bala (“a muddly, treeless depression”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "боло́то",
"t": "swamp; bog; marsh"
},
"expansion": "Russian боло́то (bolóto, “swamp; bog; marsh”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *bl̥nos (“bog, marsh”). Cognate with Lithuanian balà (“bog; marsh; swamp; pool”), Latvian bala (“a muddly, treeless depression”), Russian боло́то (bolóto, “swamp; bog; marsh”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "pullaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pullōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pullōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pull",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "pullōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "pullōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "pullą",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pullanz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pullas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pullis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pullǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pullai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pullamaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pullō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pullamiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/pullaz",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "pōlaz"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "51 49",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "49 51",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "53 47",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"pool, puddle"
],
"id": "en-pullaz-gem-pro-noun-IwWIkZ8S",
"links": [
[
"pool",
"pool"
],
[
"puddle",
"puddle"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "*pōlaz"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "51 49",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "49 51",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "53 47",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"ditch, creek"
],
"id": "en-pullaz-gem-pro-noun-RQtAozUJ",
"links": [
[
"ditch",
"ditch"
],
[
"creek",
"creek"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpul.lɑz/"
}
],
"word": "pullaz"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Germanic a-stem nouns",
"Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-Germanic masculine nouns",
"Proto-Germanic nouns",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "pullijaz"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*pull"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *pull",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *pull"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "pull"
},
"expansion": "Old English: pull",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old English: pull; (pyll < *pullijaz)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "pul",
"3": "pyll",
"4": "pill"
},
"expansion": "Middle English: pul, pyll, pill",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle English: pul, pyll, pill"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "pill"
},
"expansion": "English: pill",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: pill"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "*pull",
"3": "*poll"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: *pull, *poll",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: *pull, *poll"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "poll"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German: poll",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Low German: poll"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "pollr"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: pollr",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: pollr"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "pollur"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic: pollur",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Icelandic: pollur"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fo",
"2": "pollur"
},
"expansion": "Faroese: pollur",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Faroese: pollur"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "poll",
"3": "pow",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Scots: poll, pow",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Scots: poll, pow"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-bry-pro",
"2": "*pull",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Proto-Brythonic: *pull",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Proto-Brythonic: *pull"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "obt",
"2": "Pul-Bili",
"alt": "Pul-Bili",
"pos": "place name"
},
"expansion": "Old Breton: Pul-Bili (place name)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Breton: Pul-Bili (place name)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xbm",
"2": "pul",
"3": "poul",
"4": "poull"
},
"expansion": "Middle Breton: pul, poul, poull",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Breton: pul, poul, poull"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "br",
"2": "poull"
},
"expansion": "Breton: poull",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Breton: poull"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oco",
"2": "pol"
},
"expansion": "Old Cornish: pol",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Cornish: pol"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cnx",
"2": "pol"
},
"expansion": "Middle Cornish: pol",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Cornish: pol"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kw",
"2": "poll"
},
"expansion": "Cornish: poll",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Cornish: poll"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "wlm",
"2": "pwll"
},
"expansion": "Middle Welsh: pwll",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Welsh: pwll"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "pwll"
},
"expansion": "Welsh: pwll",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Welsh: pwll"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mga",
"2": "poll",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Middle Irish: poll",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Middle Irish: poll"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "poll"
},
"expansion": "Irish: poll",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Irish: poll"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gv",
"2": "poyll"
},
"expansion": "Manx: poyll",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Manx: poyll"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gd",
"2": "poll"
},
"expansion": "Scottish Gaelic: poll",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scottish Gaelic: poll"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "pool"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*bl̥nos",
"t": "bog, marsh"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *bl̥nos (“bog, marsh”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "balà",
"t": "bog; marsh; swamp; pool"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian balà (“bog; marsh; swamp; pool”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "bala",
"t": "a muddly, treeless depression"
},
"expansion": "Latvian bala (“a muddly, treeless depression”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "боло́то",
"t": "swamp; bog; marsh"
},
"expansion": "Russian боло́то (bolóto, “swamp; bog; marsh”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *bl̥nos (“bog, marsh”). Cognate with Lithuanian balà (“bog; marsh; swamp; pool”), Latvian bala (“a muddly, treeless depression”), Russian боло́то (bolóto, “swamp; bog; marsh”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "pullaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pullōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pullōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pull",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "pullōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "pullōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "pullą",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pullanz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pullas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pullis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pullǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pullai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pullamaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pullō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pullamiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/pullaz",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "pōlaz"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"gem-pro:Water"
],
"glosses": [
"pool, puddle"
],
"links": [
[
"pool",
"pool"
],
[
"puddle",
"puddle"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "*pōlaz"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"ditch, creek"
],
"links": [
[
"ditch",
"ditch"
],
[
"creek",
"creek"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpul.lɑz/"
}
],
"word": "pullaz"
}
Download raw JSONL data for pullaz meaning in Proto-Germanic (6.8kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-03-09 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-03-02 using wiktextract (32c88e6 and 633533e). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.