See nestą in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*nest"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *nest\nOld English: nest\nMiddle English: nest, neste, nist, nyst, neest\nEnglish: nest\nScots: nest\nYola: naesth\nOld Frisian: *nest\nSaterland Frisian: Nääst\nWest Frisian: nêst, nust\nOld Saxon: *nest\nMiddle Low German: nest\nGerman Low German: Nest\nPlautdietsch: Nast\n→ Swedish: näste\nOld Dutch: nest\nMiddle Dutch: nest\nDutch: nest\nAfrikaans: nes\nNegerhollands: nest, nes\n→ Papiamentu: nèshi, nèishi, nesji\n⇒ Limburgish: ès (rebracketing)\nOld High German: nest\nMiddle High German: nest, nist\nBavarian: Nest\n⇒ Cimbrian: èst (rebracketing)\nCentral Franconian: Ness, Nest, Nöss, Nöst, Nost (all < nist)\nHunsrik: Nist\nLuxembourgish: Nascht\nGerman: Nest\nRhine Franconian: Nest, Nescht, Nischt (last < nist)\nPennsylvania German: Nescht\nVilamovian: naost\nYiddish: נעסט (nest)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *nest\nOld English: nest\nMiddle English: nest, neste, nist, nyst, neest\nEnglish: nest\nScots: nest\nYola: naesth\nOld Frisian: *nest\nSaterland Frisian: Nääst\nWest Frisian: nêst, nust\nOld Saxon: *nest\nMiddle Low German: nest\nGerman Low German: Nest\nPlautdietsch: Nast\n→ Swedish: näste\nOld Dutch: nest\nMiddle Dutch: nest\nDutch: nest\nAfrikaans: nes\nNegerhollands: nest, nes\n→ Papiamentu: nèshi, nèishi, nesji\n⇒ Limburgish: ès (rebracketing)\nOld High German: nest\nMiddle High German: nest, nist\nBavarian: Nest\n⇒ Cimbrian: èst (rebracketing)\nCentral Franconian: Ness, Nest, Nöss, Nöst, Nost (all < nist)\nHunsrik: Nist\nLuxembourgish: Nascht\nGerman: Nest\nRhine Franconian: Nest, Nescht, Nischt (last < nist)\nPennsylvania German: Nescht\nVilamovian: naost\nYiddish: נעסט (nest)"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*sed-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*nisdós",
"4": "",
"5": "seat"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *nisdós (“seat”)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *nisdós (“seat”) with a change to the neuter gender.\nThe vocalism e < i (apparently from a-mutation) uncommonly prevails in most descendants, including the oldest stages (matched only by *weraz). Forms with i are attested in Middle English and Middle High German, however. These may be either old variants or analogical formations after West Germanic *nistijan (“to nest”), *ganistī (collective).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "nestą",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "nestō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "nestą",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "nestō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "nestą",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "nestō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "nestas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "nistis",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "nestǫ̂",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "nestai",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "nestamaz",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "nestō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "nestamiz",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/nestą",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "West Proto-Germanic",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "53 47",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "56 44",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "87 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"nest"
],
"id": "en-nestą-gem-pro-noun-de8uMpvb",
"links": [
[
"nest",
"nest"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(West Germanic) nest"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "nistą"
}
],
"tags": [
"Germanic",
"West",
"neuter",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈnes.tɑ̃/"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Germanic a-mutation"
],
"word": "nestą"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "nest"
},
"expansion": "Old English: nest",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old English: nest"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "*nest"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: *nest",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: *nest"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "*fartnest",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Old High German: *fartnest",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Old High German: *fartnest"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "weganest",
"3": "weganist",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Old High German: weganest, weganist",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Old High German: weganest, weganist"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "nest",
"3": "nesti"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: nest, nesti",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: nest, nesti"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "nest",
"3": "nesti"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic: nest, nesti",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Icelandic: nest, nesti"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_text": "A to-stem derived from *nesaną.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun-a-n",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "nestą",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "nestō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "nestą",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "nestō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "nestą",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "nestō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "nestas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-is",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "nestǫ̂",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "nestai",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "nestamaz",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "nestō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "nestamiz",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nest"
},
"name": "gem-decl-noun-a-n"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "*nestą",
"10": "nestǫ̂",
"11": "nestamaz",
"12": "nestamiz",
"2": "*nestą",
"3": "*nestą",
"4": "*nestas, -is",
"5": "*nestai",
"6": "*nestō",
"7": "nestō",
"8": "nestō",
"9": "nestō",
"title": "*nestą (a-stem)"
},
"name": "gem-decl-noun-table"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/nestą",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "53 47",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"provisions; food and supplies"
],
"id": "en-nestą-gem-pro-noun-lMoy6eXK",
"links": [
[
"provisions",
"provisions"
],
[
"food",
"food"
]
],
"tags": [
"neuter",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈnes.tɑ̃/"
}
],
"word": "nestą"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Germanic a-stem nouns",
"Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-Germanic neuter nouns",
"Proto-Germanic nouns",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *sed-",
"Proto-Germanic terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*nest"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *nest\nOld English: nest\nMiddle English: nest, neste, nist, nyst, neest\nEnglish: nest\nScots: nest\nYola: naesth\nOld Frisian: *nest\nSaterland Frisian: Nääst\nWest Frisian: nêst, nust\nOld Saxon: *nest\nMiddle Low German: nest\nGerman Low German: Nest\nPlautdietsch: Nast\n→ Swedish: näste\nOld Dutch: nest\nMiddle Dutch: nest\nDutch: nest\nAfrikaans: nes\nNegerhollands: nest, nes\n→ Papiamentu: nèshi, nèishi, nesji\n⇒ Limburgish: ès (rebracketing)\nOld High German: nest\nMiddle High German: nest, nist\nBavarian: Nest\n⇒ Cimbrian: èst (rebracketing)\nCentral Franconian: Ness, Nest, Nöss, Nöst, Nost (all < nist)\nHunsrik: Nist\nLuxembourgish: Nascht\nGerman: Nest\nRhine Franconian: Nest, Nescht, Nischt (last < nist)\nPennsylvania German: Nescht\nVilamovian: naost\nYiddish: נעסט (nest)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *nest\nOld English: nest\nMiddle English: nest, neste, nist, nyst, neest\nEnglish: nest\nScots: nest\nYola: naesth\nOld Frisian: *nest\nSaterland Frisian: Nääst\nWest Frisian: nêst, nust\nOld Saxon: *nest\nMiddle Low German: nest\nGerman Low German: Nest\nPlautdietsch: Nast\n→ Swedish: näste\nOld Dutch: nest\nMiddle Dutch: nest\nDutch: nest\nAfrikaans: nes\nNegerhollands: nest, nes\n→ Papiamentu: nèshi, nèishi, nesji\n⇒ Limburgish: ès (rebracketing)\nOld High German: nest\nMiddle High German: nest, nist\nBavarian: Nest\n⇒ Cimbrian: èst (rebracketing)\nCentral Franconian: Ness, Nest, Nöss, Nöst, Nost (all < nist)\nHunsrik: Nist\nLuxembourgish: Nascht\nGerman: Nest\nRhine Franconian: Nest, Nescht, Nischt (last < nist)\nPennsylvania German: Nescht\nVilamovian: naost\nYiddish: נעסט (nest)"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*sed-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*nisdós",
"4": "",
"5": "seat"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *nisdós (“seat”)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *nisdós (“seat”) with a change to the neuter gender.\nThe vocalism e < i (apparently from a-mutation) uncommonly prevails in most descendants, including the oldest stages (matched only by *weraz). Forms with i are attested in Middle English and Middle High German, however. These may be either old variants or analogical formations after West Germanic *nistijan (“to nest”), *ganistī (collective).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "nestą",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "nestō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "nestą",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "nestō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "nestą",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "nestō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "nestas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "nistis",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "nestǫ̂",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "nestai",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "nestamaz",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "nestō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "nestamiz",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/nestą",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"West Proto-Germanic"
],
"glosses": [
"nest"
],
"links": [
[
"nest",
"nest"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(West Germanic) nest"
],
"tags": [
"Germanic",
"West",
"neuter",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈnes.tɑ̃/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "nistą"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Germanic a-mutation"
],
"word": "nestą"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Germanic a-stem nouns",
"Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-Germanic neuter nouns",
"Proto-Germanic nouns"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "nest"
},
"expansion": "Old English: nest",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old English: nest"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "*nest"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: *nest",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: *nest"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "*fartnest",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Old High German: *fartnest",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Old High German: *fartnest"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "weganest",
"3": "weganist",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Old High German: weganest, weganist",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Old High German: weganest, weganist"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "nest",
"3": "nesti"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: nest, nesti",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: nest, nesti"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "nest",
"3": "nesti"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic: nest, nesti",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Icelandic: nest, nesti"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_text": "A to-stem derived from *nesaną.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun-a-n",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "nestą",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "nestō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "nestą",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "nestō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "nestą",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "nestō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "nestas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-is",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "nestǫ̂",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "nestai",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "nestamaz",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "nestō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "nestamiz",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nest"
},
"name": "gem-decl-noun-a-n"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "*nestą",
"10": "nestǫ̂",
"11": "nestamaz",
"12": "nestamiz",
"2": "*nestą",
"3": "*nestą",
"4": "*nestas, -is",
"5": "*nestai",
"6": "*nestō",
"7": "nestō",
"8": "nestō",
"9": "nestō",
"title": "*nestą (a-stem)"
},
"name": "gem-decl-noun-table"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/nestą",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"provisions; food and supplies"
],
"links": [
[
"provisions",
"provisions"
],
[
"food",
"food"
]
],
"tags": [
"neuter",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈnes.tɑ̃/"
}
],
"word": "nestą"
}
Download raw JSONL data for nestą meaning in Proto-Germanic (7.9kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.