See lundō in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*lundu"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *lundu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *lundu"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "lunta",
"3": "lunda"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: lunta, lunda",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: lunta, lunda"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "luntussa",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Old High German: luntussa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Old High German: luntussa"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*lundulagō",
"der": "1",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Proto-West Germanic: *lundulagō m",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Proto-West Germanic: *lundulagō m"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "lundlaga",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "Old English: lundlaga m\nMiddle English: lundlawe",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old English: lundlaga m\nMiddle English: lundlawe"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "lundlaga",
"3": "lunglaga",
"g2": "m"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian: lundlaga, lunglaga m",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Frisian: lundlaga, lunglaga m"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "lund",
"g": "f"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: lund f",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: lund f"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "lund",
"g": "f",
"t": "mood"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic: lund f (“mood”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Icelandic: lund f (“mood”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fo",
"2": "lund",
"g": "f",
"t": "disposition, temper\", in the plural, \"loin"
},
"expansion": "Faroese: lund f (“disposition, temper\", in the plural, \"loin”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Faroese: lund f (“disposition, temper\", in the plural, \"loin”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "lund",
"g": "f",
"t": "hip"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian Nynorsk: lund f (“hip”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Norwegian Nynorsk: lund f (“hip”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "lundi",
"der": "1",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Old Norse: lundi m",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Old Norse: lundi m"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "lundr",
"der": "1",
"pos": "adjective",
"t": "minded"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Old Norse: lundr (“minded”, adjective)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Old Norse: lundr (“minded”, adjective)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "lunderni",
"der": "1",
"g": "n",
"t": "temperment"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Old Norse: lunderni n (“temperment”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Old Norse: lunderni n (“temperment”)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*lendʰ-",
"id": "loin"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*ln̥dʰ-(y)eh₂-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ln̥dʰ-(y)eh₂-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mww",
"2": "siab",
"t": "liver; mood"
},
"expansion": "White Hmong siab (“liver; mood”)",
"name": "ncog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *ln̥dʰ-(y)eh₂-, from *lendʰ- (“kidney, loin”).\nThe semantic shift from \"kidney\" > \"mood\" in North Germanic languages and metaphorical usage of a non-heart organ to indicate mood is observed cross-linguistically, compare White Hmong siab (“liver; mood”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ō-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "lundō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lundôz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lundō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "lundôz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "lundǭ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lundōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lundōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lundǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lundōi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lundōmaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lundō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lundōmiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/lundō",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "landį̄"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "lundiją"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"loin"
],
"id": "en-lundō-gem-pro-noun-Hk1-KaLx",
"links": [
[
"loin",
"loin"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "26 52 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 79 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 86 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"kidney"
],
"id": "en-lundō-gem-pro-noun-HfH8w8ta",
"links": [
[
"kidney",
"kidney"
]
],
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "33 67 0",
"sense": "Old English: lynd f",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "⇒ Old English: ġelynd"
},
{
"_dis1": "31 69 0",
"sense": "Proto-West Germanic: *lundiju",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "⇒ Old Frisian: lenden"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"fat"
],
"id": "en-lundō-gem-pro-noun-vgf1E5ph",
"links": [
[
"fat",
"fat"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
],
"word": "lundō"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Germanic feminine nouns",
"Proto-Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-Germanic nouns",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *lendʰ- (loin)",
"Proto-Germanic ō-stem nouns"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*lundu"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *lundu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *lundu"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "lunta",
"3": "lunda"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: lunta, lunda",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: lunta, lunda"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "luntussa",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Old High German: luntussa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Old High German: luntussa"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*lundulagō",
"der": "1",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Proto-West Germanic: *lundulagō m",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Proto-West Germanic: *lundulagō m"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "lundlaga",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "Old English: lundlaga m\nMiddle English: lundlawe",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old English: lundlaga m\nMiddle English: lundlawe"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "lundlaga",
"3": "lunglaga",
"g2": "m"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian: lundlaga, lunglaga m",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Frisian: lundlaga, lunglaga m"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "lund",
"g": "f"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: lund f",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: lund f"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "lund",
"g": "f",
"t": "mood"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic: lund f (“mood”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Icelandic: lund f (“mood”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fo",
"2": "lund",
"g": "f",
"t": "disposition, temper\", in the plural, \"loin"
},
"expansion": "Faroese: lund f (“disposition, temper\", in the plural, \"loin”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Faroese: lund f (“disposition, temper\", in the plural, \"loin”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "lund",
"g": "f",
"t": "hip"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian Nynorsk: lund f (“hip”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Norwegian Nynorsk: lund f (“hip”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "lundi",
"der": "1",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Old Norse: lundi m",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Old Norse: lundi m"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "lundr",
"der": "1",
"pos": "adjective",
"t": "minded"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Old Norse: lundr (“minded”, adjective)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Old Norse: lundr (“minded”, adjective)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "lunderni",
"der": "1",
"g": "n",
"t": "temperment"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Old Norse: lunderni n (“temperment”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Old Norse: lunderni n (“temperment”)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*lendʰ-",
"id": "loin"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*ln̥dʰ-(y)eh₂-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ln̥dʰ-(y)eh₂-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mww",
"2": "siab",
"t": "liver; mood"
},
"expansion": "White Hmong siab (“liver; mood”)",
"name": "ncog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *ln̥dʰ-(y)eh₂-, from *lendʰ- (“kidney, loin”).\nThe semantic shift from \"kidney\" > \"mood\" in North Germanic languages and metaphorical usage of a non-heart organ to indicate mood is observed cross-linguistically, compare White Hmong siab (“liver; mood”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ō-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "lundō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lundôz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lundō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "lundôz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "lundǭ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lundōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lundōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lundǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lundōi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lundōmaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lundō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lundōmiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/lundō",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "landį̄"
},
{
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "lundiją"
},
{
"sense": "Old English: lynd f",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "⇒ Old English: ġelynd"
},
{
"sense": "Proto-West Germanic: *lundiju",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "⇒ Old Frisian: lenden"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"loin"
],
"links": [
[
"loin",
"loin"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"kidney"
],
"links": [
[
"kidney",
"kidney"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"fat"
],
"links": [
[
"fat",
"fat"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
],
"word": "lundō"
}
Download raw JSONL data for lundō meaning in Proto-Germanic (5.7kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-04-26 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-04-20 using wiktextract (89e900c and ea19a0a). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.