See lugô in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*logō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *logō",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *logō;"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "loga"
},
"expansion": "Old English: loga",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old English: loga; wǣrloga; þēodloga"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "warloȝe",
"3": "warloghe"
},
"expansion": "Middle English: warloȝe, warloghe",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle English: warloȝe, warloghe"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "warloche",
"3": "warlok",
"4": "warlocke",
"5": "warlo",
"6": "warluck"
},
"expansion": "Scots: warloche, warlok, warlocke, warlo, warluck",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: warloche, warlok, warlocke, warlo, warluck"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "warlock"
},
"expansion": "English: warlock",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: warlock"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "logo"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: logo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: logo; wārlogo"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "*logi"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: *logi",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: *logi; þinglogi"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*lewgʰ-",
"4": "",
"5": "to lie, tell a lie"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *lewgʰ- (“to lie, tell a lie”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *lewgʰ- (“to lie, tell a lie”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "an-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "lugô",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "luganiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lugô",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "luganiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "luganų",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "luganunz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "luginiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "luganǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lugini",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lugammaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "luginē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lugammiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"g": "m"
},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/lugô",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "leuganą"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "leugāną"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "lugōną"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"liar"
],
"id": "en-lugô-gem-pro-noun-MOkZDX~f",
"links": [
[
"liar",
"liar"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"traitor"
],
"id": "en-lugô-gem-pro-noun-Ws4nyG8h",
"links": [
[
"traitor",
"traitor"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"one who breaks (an agreement, a covenant, an engagement, etc.)"
],
"id": "en-lugô-gem-pro-noun-Zalme2Zj",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈlu.ɣɔːː/"
}
],
"word": "lugô"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "logi"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: logi\nIcelandic: logi\nFaroese: logi\nNorwegian Nynorsk: loge\nOld Swedish: loghi, lughi\nSwedish: låge, låga\nDanish: lue\nNorwegian Bokmål: lue\n→ Norwegian Nynorsk: lue\n→ Middle English: lowe\nEnglish: low\nScots: low",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: logi\nIcelandic: logi\nFaroese: logi\nNorwegian Nynorsk: loge\nOld Swedish: loghi, lughi\nSwedish: låge, låga\nDanish: lue\nNorwegian Bokmål: lue\n→ Norwegian Nynorsk: lue\n→ Middle English: lowe\nEnglish: low\nScots: low"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*lewk-",
"4": "",
"5": "bright, to shine, to see"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *lewk- (“bright, to shine, to see”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *lewk- (“bright, to shine, to see”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "an-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "lugô",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "luganiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lugô",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "luganiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "luganų",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "luganunz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "luginiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "luganǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lugini",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lugammaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "luginē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lugammiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"g": "m"
},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/lugô",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "North Proto-Germanic",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "7 24 25 44",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 21 14 59",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 10 9 76",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"flame, blaze"
],
"id": "en-lugô-gem-pro-noun-sfAsbe5y",
"links": [
[
"flame",
"flame"
],
[
"blaze",
"blaze"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(North Germanic) flame, blaze"
],
"related": [
{
"english": "flame, blaze",
"word": "laugiz"
}
],
"tags": [
"Germanic",
"North",
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "lugô"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Germanic an-stem nouns",
"Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-Germanic masculine nouns",
"Proto-Germanic nouns",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*logō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *logō",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *logō;"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "loga"
},
"expansion": "Old English: loga",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old English: loga; wǣrloga; þēodloga"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "warloȝe",
"3": "warloghe"
},
"expansion": "Middle English: warloȝe, warloghe",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle English: warloȝe, warloghe"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "warloche",
"3": "warlok",
"4": "warlocke",
"5": "warlo",
"6": "warluck"
},
"expansion": "Scots: warloche, warlok, warlocke, warlo, warluck",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: warloche, warlok, warlocke, warlo, warluck"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "warlock"
},
"expansion": "English: warlock",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: warlock"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "logo"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: logo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: logo; wārlogo"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "*logi"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: *logi",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: *logi; þinglogi"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*lewgʰ-",
"4": "",
"5": "to lie, tell a lie"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *lewgʰ- (“to lie, tell a lie”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *lewgʰ- (“to lie, tell a lie”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "an-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "lugô",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "luganiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lugô",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "luganiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "luganų",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "luganunz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "luginiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "luganǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lugini",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lugammaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "luginē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lugammiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"g": "m"
},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/lugô",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "leuganą"
},
{
"word": "leugāną"
},
{
"word": "lugōną"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"liar"
],
"links": [
[
"liar",
"liar"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"traitor"
],
"links": [
[
"traitor",
"traitor"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"one who breaks (an agreement, a covenant, an engagement, etc.)"
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈlu.ɣɔːː/"
}
],
"word": "lugô"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Germanic an-stem nouns",
"Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-Germanic masculine nouns",
"Proto-Germanic nouns",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "logi"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: logi\nIcelandic: logi\nFaroese: logi\nNorwegian Nynorsk: loge\nOld Swedish: loghi, lughi\nSwedish: låge, låga\nDanish: lue\nNorwegian Bokmål: lue\n→ Norwegian Nynorsk: lue\n→ Middle English: lowe\nEnglish: low\nScots: low",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: logi\nIcelandic: logi\nFaroese: logi\nNorwegian Nynorsk: loge\nOld Swedish: loghi, lughi\nSwedish: låge, låga\nDanish: lue\nNorwegian Bokmål: lue\n→ Norwegian Nynorsk: lue\n→ Middle English: lowe\nEnglish: low\nScots: low"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*lewk-",
"4": "",
"5": "bright, to shine, to see"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *lewk- (“bright, to shine, to see”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *lewk- (“bright, to shine, to see”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "an-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "lugô",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "luganiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lugô",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "luganiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "luganų",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "luganunz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "luginiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "luganǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lugini",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lugammaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "luginē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lugammiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"g": "m"
},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/lugô",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"english": "flame, blaze",
"word": "laugiz"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"North Proto-Germanic"
],
"glosses": [
"flame, blaze"
],
"links": [
[
"flame",
"flame"
],
[
"blaze",
"blaze"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(North Germanic) flame, blaze"
],
"tags": [
"Germanic",
"North",
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "lugô"
}
Download raw JSONL data for lugô meaning in Proto-Germanic (6.5kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (d49d402 and a5af179). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.