See limuz in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*limu"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *limu\nOld English: lim, lym n\nMiddle English: lyme, lim\nScots: lim, lym\nEnglish: limb\nOld Saxon: *limu, *lim\nMiddle Low German: lem n (“limb”) (possibly borrowed from Scandinavian)\nOld Dutch: *limu\nMiddle Dutch: lēme (“fishbone, stubble of flax”)\nDutch: leem (“pine needle”)\n⇒ Old Dutch: druhtlimig",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *limu\nOld English: lim, lym n\nMiddle English: lyme, lim\nScots: lim, lym\nEnglish: limb\nOld Saxon: *limu, *lim\nMiddle Low German: lem n (“limb”) (possibly borrowed from Scandinavian)\nOld Dutch: *limu\nMiddle Dutch: lēme (“fishbone, stubble of flax”)\nDutch: leem (“pine needle”)\n⇒ Old Dutch: druhtlimig"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "limr",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: limr m",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: limr m; lim f; lim n"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "limur"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic: limur",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Icelandic: limur"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fo",
"2": "limur"
},
"expansion": "Faroese: limur",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Faroese: limur"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "lem"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian Bokmål: lem",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Norwegian Bokmål: lem"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "lem"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian Nynorsk: lem",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Norwegian Nynorsk: lem"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-osw",
"2": "limber"
},
"expansion": "Old Swedish: limber",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Swedish: limber"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "lem"
},
"expansion": "Swedish: lem",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Swedish: lem"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "lem"
},
"expansion": "Danish: lem",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Danish: lem"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "uncertain",
"name": "unc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "līmus",
"3": "",
"4": "askew"
},
"expansion": "Latin līmus (“askew”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "liemuõ",
"3": "",
"4": "log, torso"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian liemuõ (“log, torso”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Probably from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning “to bend, skew”, but which root in particular is uncertain: possibilities include *h₂el- (extended as *h₂l-ey-), *Heh₃l- (extended as *(H)h₃l-ey-), and *leyH-. Perhaps cognate with Latin līmus (“askew”), but with a slightly different derivation, and/or Lithuanian liemuõ (“log, torso”) (the latter for which Kroonen reconstructs *ley- as the base Indo-European root). Also compare *liþuz (“joint, bend, limb”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "u-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "limuz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "limiwiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "limu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "limiwiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "limų",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "limunz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "limauz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "limiwǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "limiwi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "limumaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "limū",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "limumiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "*līmuz",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/limuz",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "līmô"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "liþuz"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "65 35",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "76 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "82 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"limb; member"
],
"id": "en-limuz-gem-pro-noun-QRkzvcwB",
"links": [
[
"anatomy",
"anatomy"
],
[
"limb",
"limb"
],
[
"member",
"member"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(anatomy) limb; member"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "*liþuz"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
],
"topics": [
"anatomy",
"medicine",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"branch; twig"
],
"id": "en-limuz-gem-pro-noun-WLML8ppo",
"links": [
[
"branch",
"branch"
],
[
"twig",
"twig"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(of a tree) branch; twig"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of a tree"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "*astaz"
},
{
"word": "*telguz"
},
{
"word": "*tōgô"
},
{
"word": "*twīgą"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈli.muz/"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
],
"word": "limuz"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-Germanic masculine nouns",
"Proto-Germanic nouns",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Germanic terms with unknown etymologies",
"Proto-Germanic u-stem nouns"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*limu"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *limu\nOld English: lim, lym n\nMiddle English: lyme, lim\nScots: lim, lym\nEnglish: limb\nOld Saxon: *limu, *lim\nMiddle Low German: lem n (“limb”) (possibly borrowed from Scandinavian)\nOld Dutch: *limu\nMiddle Dutch: lēme (“fishbone, stubble of flax”)\nDutch: leem (“pine needle”)\n⇒ Old Dutch: druhtlimig",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *limu\nOld English: lim, lym n\nMiddle English: lyme, lim\nScots: lim, lym\nEnglish: limb\nOld Saxon: *limu, *lim\nMiddle Low German: lem n (“limb”) (possibly borrowed from Scandinavian)\nOld Dutch: *limu\nMiddle Dutch: lēme (“fishbone, stubble of flax”)\nDutch: leem (“pine needle”)\n⇒ Old Dutch: druhtlimig"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "limr",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: limr m",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: limr m; lim f; lim n"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "limur"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic: limur",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Icelandic: limur"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fo",
"2": "limur"
},
"expansion": "Faroese: limur",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Faroese: limur"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "lem"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian Bokmål: lem",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Norwegian Bokmål: lem"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "lem"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian Nynorsk: lem",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Norwegian Nynorsk: lem"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-osw",
"2": "limber"
},
"expansion": "Old Swedish: limber",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Swedish: limber"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "lem"
},
"expansion": "Swedish: lem",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Swedish: lem"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "lem"
},
"expansion": "Danish: lem",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Danish: lem"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "uncertain",
"name": "unc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "līmus",
"3": "",
"4": "askew"
},
"expansion": "Latin līmus (“askew”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "liemuõ",
"3": "",
"4": "log, torso"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian liemuõ (“log, torso”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Probably from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning “to bend, skew”, but which root in particular is uncertain: possibilities include *h₂el- (extended as *h₂l-ey-), *Heh₃l- (extended as *(H)h₃l-ey-), and *leyH-. Perhaps cognate with Latin līmus (“askew”), but with a slightly different derivation, and/or Lithuanian liemuõ (“log, torso”) (the latter for which Kroonen reconstructs *ley- as the base Indo-European root). Also compare *liþuz (“joint, bend, limb”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "u-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "limuz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "limiwiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "limu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "limiwiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "limų",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "limunz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "limauz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "limiwǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "limiwi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "limumaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "limū",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "limumiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "*līmuz",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/limuz",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "līmô"
},
{
"word": "liþuz"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"gem-pro:Anatomy",
"gem-pro:Body parts"
],
"glosses": [
"limb; member"
],
"links": [
[
"anatomy",
"anatomy"
],
[
"limb",
"limb"
],
[
"member",
"member"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(anatomy) limb; member"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "*liþuz"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
],
"topics": [
"anatomy",
"medicine",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"gem-pro:Plants"
],
"glosses": [
"branch; twig"
],
"links": [
[
"branch",
"branch"
],
[
"twig",
"twig"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(of a tree) branch; twig"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of a tree"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "*astaz"
},
{
"word": "*telguz"
},
{
"word": "*tōgô"
},
{
"word": "*twīgą"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈli.muz/"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
],
"word": "limuz"
}
Download raw JSONL data for limuz meaning in Proto-Germanic (5.4kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-03-26 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-03-21 using wiktextract (fef8596 and 633533e). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.