See laukaz in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*lauk"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *lauk\nOld English: lēac, *lǣc, lāec, lēc — Anglian\nMiddle English: lek, leek, leeke, leke, leyke\nEnglish: leek\n→ Maori: riki\nScots: leke, leik\nOld Frisian: *lāk\nSaterland Frisian: Look\nWest Frisian: lak, lok (possibly from Middle Dutch)\nOld Saxon: lōk\nMiddle Low German: lōk\nLow German: Look\nPlautdietsch: Luak\nOld Dutch: *lōk\nMiddle Dutch: look\nDutch: look\nWest Flemish: look\nOld High German: louh\nMiddle High German: loch\nAlemannic German: Làuich\nGerman: Lauch",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *lauk\nOld English: lēac, *lǣc, lāec, lēc — Anglian\nMiddle English: lek, leek, leeke, leke, leyke\nEnglish: leek\n→ Maori: riki\nScots: leke, leik\nOld Frisian: *lāk\nSaterland Frisian: Look\nWest Frisian: lak, lok (possibly from Middle Dutch)\nOld Saxon: lōk\nMiddle Low German: lōk\nLow German: Look\nPlautdietsch: Luak\nOld Dutch: *lōk\nMiddle Dutch: look\nDutch: look\nWest Flemish: look\nOld High German: louh\nMiddle High German: loch\nAlemannic German: Làuich\nGerman: Lauch"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-pro",
"2": "ᛚᚨᚢᚲᚨᛉ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Norse: ᛚᚨᚢᚲᚨᛉ (laukaʀ)\nOld Norse: laukr\nIcelandic: laukur\nFaroese: leykur\nNorwegian Nynorsk: lauk\nElfdalian: lok\nOld Swedish: lø̄ker\nSwedish: lök\nOld Danish: lø̄k\nDanish: løg\nNorwegian Bokmål: løk\n→ Norwegian Nynorsk: løk\nScanian: løg\nGutnish: lauk",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Norse: ᛚᚨᚢᚲᚨᛉ (laukaʀ)\nOld Norse: laukr\nIcelandic: laukur\nFaroese: leykur\nNorwegian Nynorsk: lauk\nElfdalian: lok\nOld Swedish: lø̄ker\nSwedish: lök\nOld Danish: lø̄k\nDanish: løg\nNorwegian Bokmål: løk\n→ Norwegian Nynorsk: løk\nScanian: løg\nGutnish: lauk"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*lukъ",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Proto-Slavic: *lukъ",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Proto-Slavic: *lukъ (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "*laukka",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Proto-Finnic: *laukka",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Proto-Finnic: *laukka (see there for further descendants)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro"
},
"expansion": "Unknown",
"name": "unk"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Unknown. Generally assumed to be a nominal derivative of *lūkaną (“to close”), based on the leaves and scales of a leek or onion plant enclosing its stem, but this is uncertain.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "laukaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "laukōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "laukōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lauk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "laukōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "laukōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "lauką",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "laukanz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "laukas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "laukis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "laukǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "laukai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "laukamaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "laukō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "laukamiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/laukaz",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"leek"
],
"id": "en-laukaz-gem-pro-noun-e0VT-ePB",
"links": [
[
"leek",
"leek"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈlɑu̯.kɑz/"
}
],
"word": "laukaz"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*lauk"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *lauk\nOld English: lēac, *lǣc, lāec, lēc — Anglian\nMiddle English: lek, leek, leeke, leke, leyke\nEnglish: leek\n→ Maori: riki\nScots: leke, leik\nOld Frisian: *lāk\nSaterland Frisian: Look\nWest Frisian: lak, lok (possibly from Middle Dutch)\nOld Saxon: lōk\nMiddle Low German: lōk\nLow German: Look\nPlautdietsch: Luak\nOld Dutch: *lōk\nMiddle Dutch: look\nDutch: look\nWest Flemish: look\nOld High German: louh\nMiddle High German: loch\nAlemannic German: Làuich\nGerman: Lauch",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *lauk\nOld English: lēac, *lǣc, lāec, lēc — Anglian\nMiddle English: lek, leek, leeke, leke, leyke\nEnglish: leek\n→ Maori: riki\nScots: leke, leik\nOld Frisian: *lāk\nSaterland Frisian: Look\nWest Frisian: lak, lok (possibly from Middle Dutch)\nOld Saxon: lōk\nMiddle Low German: lōk\nLow German: Look\nPlautdietsch: Luak\nOld Dutch: *lōk\nMiddle Dutch: look\nDutch: look\nWest Flemish: look\nOld High German: louh\nMiddle High German: loch\nAlemannic German: Làuich\nGerman: Lauch"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-pro",
"2": "ᛚᚨᚢᚲᚨᛉ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Norse: ᛚᚨᚢᚲᚨᛉ (laukaʀ)\nOld Norse: laukr\nIcelandic: laukur\nFaroese: leykur\nNorwegian Nynorsk: lauk\nElfdalian: lok\nOld Swedish: lø̄ker\nSwedish: lök\nOld Danish: lø̄k\nDanish: løg\nNorwegian Bokmål: løk\n→ Norwegian Nynorsk: løk\nScanian: løg\nGutnish: lauk",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Norse: ᛚᚨᚢᚲᚨᛉ (laukaʀ)\nOld Norse: laukr\nIcelandic: laukur\nFaroese: leykur\nNorwegian Nynorsk: lauk\nElfdalian: lok\nOld Swedish: lø̄ker\nSwedish: lök\nOld Danish: lø̄k\nDanish: løg\nNorwegian Bokmål: løk\n→ Norwegian Nynorsk: løk\nScanian: løg\nGutnish: lauk"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*lukъ",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Proto-Slavic: *lukъ",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Proto-Slavic: *lukъ (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "*laukka",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Proto-Finnic: *laukka",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Proto-Finnic: *laukka (see there for further descendants)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro"
},
"expansion": "Unknown",
"name": "unk"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Unknown. Generally assumed to be a nominal derivative of *lūkaną (“to close”), based on the leaves and scales of a leek or onion plant enclosing its stem, but this is uncertain.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "laukaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "laukōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "laukōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lauk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "laukōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "laukōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "lauką",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "laukanz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "laukas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "laukis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "laukǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "laukai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "laukamaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "laukō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "laukamiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/laukaz",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Germanic a-stem nouns",
"Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-Germanic masculine nouns",
"Proto-Germanic nouns",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Germanic terms with unknown etymologies",
"gem-pro:Asparagales order plants"
],
"glosses": [
"leek"
],
"links": [
[
"leek",
"leek"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈlɑu̯.kɑz/"
}
],
"word": "laukaz"
}
Download raw JSONL data for laukaz meaning in Proto-Germanic (4.9kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-02-22 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-02-02 using wiktextract (9e2b7d3 and f2e72e5). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.