See līną in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*līn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *līn\nOld English: līn\nMiddle English: lin, line\nEnglish: line\nScots: line, lyne\nOld Frisian: līn\nSaterland Frisian: Lien\nWest Frisian: lyn\nOld Saxon: līn\nMiddle Low German: lîn\nGerman Low German: Lien\nOld Dutch: *līn\nMiddle Dutch: lijn\nDutch: lijn\nOld High German: līn\nMiddle High German: līn\nGerman: Lein\nVilamovian: łȧjn",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *līn\nOld English: līn\nMiddle English: lin, line\nEnglish: line\nScots: line, lyne\nOld Frisian: līn\nSaterland Frisian: Lien\nWest Frisian: lyn\nOld Saxon: līn\nMiddle Low German: lîn\nGerman Low German: Lien\nOld Dutch: *līn\nMiddle Dutch: lijn\nDutch: lijn\nOld High German: līn\nMiddle High German: līn\nGerman: Lein\nVilamovian: łȧjn"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-pro",
"2": "ᛚᛁᚾᚨ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Norse: ᛚᛁᚾᚨ (lina)\nOld Norse: lín\nIcelandic: lín\nFaroese: lín\nNorwegian: lin\nOld Swedish: līn\nSwedish: lin",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Norse: ᛚᛁᚾᚨ (lina)\nOld Norse: lín\nIcelandic: lín\nFaroese: lín\nNorwegian: lin\nOld Swedish: līn\nSwedish: lin"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐌻𐌴𐌹𐌽"
},
"expansion": "Gothic: 𐌻𐌴𐌹𐌽 (lein)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gothic: 𐌻𐌴𐌹𐌽 (lein)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "*liina",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Proto-Finnic: *liina",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Proto-Finnic: *liina (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "smi-pro",
"2": "*lijnē",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Proto-Samic: *lijnē",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Proto-Samic: *lijnē"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sjd",
"2": "лыййн"
},
"expansion": "Kildin Sami: лыййн (lyjjn)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kildin Sami: лыййн (lyjjn)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "se",
"2": "liidni"
},
"expansion": "Northern Sami: liidni",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Northern Sami: liidni"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sma",
"2": "lijnie"
},
"expansion": "Southern Sami: lijnie",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Southern Sami: lijnie"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*līno-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *līno-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "līnum"
},
"expansion": "Latin līnum",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "el",
"2": "λίνον"
},
"expansion": "Greek λίνον (línon)",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "linas"
},
"expansion": "Latin linas",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "лён"
},
"expansion": "Russian лён (ljon)",
"name": "m+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Likely from Proto-Indo-European *līno-.\nCognates include Latin līnum and all its derivatives.\nAlthough Greek λίνον (línon), Latin linas, Russian лён (ljon) are sometimes listed as cognates, they actually derive from *lino- with a short /i/.\nConsidering also the existence of a Latin root with a short /i/ and a /t/ (linteum), reconstruction of a common PIE protoform is impossible, and no similarly sounding terms are attested outside of Europe.\nIf such roots were borrowed from one or several non-IE languages, locating the source is impossible because cultivation of linen was ubiquitous in the region since the Neolithic.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "līną",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "līnō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "līną",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "līnō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "līną",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "līnō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "līnas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "līnis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "līnǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "līnai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "līnamaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "līnō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "līnamiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/līną",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"flax"
],
"id": "en-līną-gem-pro-noun-TOWLNNis",
"links": [
[
"flax",
"flax"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "*flahsą"
},
{
"word": "*hazwaz"
}
],
"tags": [
"neuter",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈliː.nɑ̃/"
}
],
"word": "līną"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*līn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *līn\nOld English: līn\nMiddle English: lin, line\nEnglish: line\nScots: line, lyne\nOld Frisian: līn\nSaterland Frisian: Lien\nWest Frisian: lyn\nOld Saxon: līn\nMiddle Low German: lîn\nGerman Low German: Lien\nOld Dutch: *līn\nMiddle Dutch: lijn\nDutch: lijn\nOld High German: līn\nMiddle High German: līn\nGerman: Lein\nVilamovian: łȧjn",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *līn\nOld English: līn\nMiddle English: lin, line\nEnglish: line\nScots: line, lyne\nOld Frisian: līn\nSaterland Frisian: Lien\nWest Frisian: lyn\nOld Saxon: līn\nMiddle Low German: lîn\nGerman Low German: Lien\nOld Dutch: *līn\nMiddle Dutch: lijn\nDutch: lijn\nOld High German: līn\nMiddle High German: līn\nGerman: Lein\nVilamovian: łȧjn"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-pro",
"2": "ᛚᛁᚾᚨ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Norse: ᛚᛁᚾᚨ (lina)\nOld Norse: lín\nIcelandic: lín\nFaroese: lín\nNorwegian: lin\nOld Swedish: līn\nSwedish: lin",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Norse: ᛚᛁᚾᚨ (lina)\nOld Norse: lín\nIcelandic: lín\nFaroese: lín\nNorwegian: lin\nOld Swedish: līn\nSwedish: lin"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐌻𐌴𐌹𐌽"
},
"expansion": "Gothic: 𐌻𐌴𐌹𐌽 (lein)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gothic: 𐌻𐌴𐌹𐌽 (lein)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "*liina",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Proto-Finnic: *liina",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Proto-Finnic: *liina (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "smi-pro",
"2": "*lijnē",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Proto-Samic: *lijnē",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Proto-Samic: *lijnē"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sjd",
"2": "лыййн"
},
"expansion": "Kildin Sami: лыййн (lyjjn)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kildin Sami: лыййн (lyjjn)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "se",
"2": "liidni"
},
"expansion": "Northern Sami: liidni",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Northern Sami: liidni"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sma",
"2": "lijnie"
},
"expansion": "Southern Sami: lijnie",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Southern Sami: lijnie"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*līno-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *līno-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "līnum"
},
"expansion": "Latin līnum",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "el",
"2": "λίνον"
},
"expansion": "Greek λίνον (línon)",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "linas"
},
"expansion": "Latin linas",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "лён"
},
"expansion": "Russian лён (ljon)",
"name": "m+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Likely from Proto-Indo-European *līno-.\nCognates include Latin līnum and all its derivatives.\nAlthough Greek λίνον (línon), Latin linas, Russian лён (ljon) are sometimes listed as cognates, they actually derive from *lino- with a short /i/.\nConsidering also the existence of a Latin root with a short /i/ and a /t/ (linteum), reconstruction of a common PIE protoform is impossible, and no similarly sounding terms are attested outside of Europe.\nIf such roots were borrowed from one or several non-IE languages, locating the source is impossible because cultivation of linen was ubiquitous in the region since the Neolithic.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "līną",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "līnō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "līną",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "līnō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "līną",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "līnō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "līnas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "līnis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "līnǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "līnai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "līnamaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "līnō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "līnamiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/līną",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Proto-Germanic a-stem nouns",
"Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-Germanic neuter nouns",
"Proto-Germanic nouns",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"gem-pro:Fibers",
"gem-pro:Malpighiales order plants",
"gem-pro:Textiles"
],
"glosses": [
"flax"
],
"links": [
[
"flax",
"flax"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "*flahsą"
},
{
"word": "*hazwaz"
}
],
"tags": [
"neuter",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈliː.nɑ̃/"
}
],
"word": "līną"
}
Download raw JSONL data for līną meaning in Proto-Germanic (5.4kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-09-22 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-09-20 using wiktextract (af5c55c and 66545a6). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.