See kwalō in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*kwalu"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *kwalu\nOld English: cwalu\nMiddle English: qual",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *kwalu\nOld English: cwalu\nMiddle English: qual"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "kvǫl"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: kvǫl\nIcelandic: kvöl\nFaroese: kvøl\nNorwegian Nynorsk: kval\nNorwegian Bokmål: kval\nOld Swedish: qval\nSwedish: kval\nOld Danish: qval, kwal\nDanish: kval",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: kvǫl\nIcelandic: kvöl\nFaroese: kvøl\nNorwegian Nynorsk: kval\nNorwegian Bokmål: kval\nOld Swedish: qval\nSwedish: kval\nOld Danish: qval, kwal\nDanish: kval"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "*𐌵𐌰𐌻"
},
"expansion": "Gothic: *𐌵𐌰𐌻 (*qal)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gothic: *𐌵𐌰𐌻 (*qal)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌵𐌰𐌻",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Gothic: 𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌵𐌰𐌻 (anaqal)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Gothic: 𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌵𐌰𐌻 (anaqal)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "*valo",
"bor": "1+",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": "→? Proto-Finnic: *valo",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "→? Proto-Finnic: *valo (see there for further descendants)"
}
],
"etymology_text": "An ō-stem nominal derived from *kwelaną (“to suffer”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ō-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "kwalō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kwalôz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kwalō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "kwalôz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "kwalǭ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kwalōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kwalōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kwalǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kwalōi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kwalōmaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kwalō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kwalōmiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "*kwēlō",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/kwalō",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"suffering, pain"
],
"id": "en-kwalō-gem-pro-noun-g6IVl5H9",
"links": [
[
"suffering",
"suffering"
],
[
"pain",
"pain"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkʷɑ.lɔː/"
}
],
"word": "kwalō"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*kwalu"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *kwalu\nOld English: cwalu\nMiddle English: qual",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *kwalu\nOld English: cwalu\nMiddle English: qual"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "kvǫl"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: kvǫl\nIcelandic: kvöl\nFaroese: kvøl\nNorwegian Nynorsk: kval\nNorwegian Bokmål: kval\nOld Swedish: qval\nSwedish: kval\nOld Danish: qval, kwal\nDanish: kval",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: kvǫl\nIcelandic: kvöl\nFaroese: kvøl\nNorwegian Nynorsk: kval\nNorwegian Bokmål: kval\nOld Swedish: qval\nSwedish: kval\nOld Danish: qval, kwal\nDanish: kval"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "*𐌵𐌰𐌻"
},
"expansion": "Gothic: *𐌵𐌰𐌻 (*qal)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gothic: *𐌵𐌰𐌻 (*qal)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌵𐌰𐌻",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Gothic: 𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌵𐌰𐌻 (anaqal)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Gothic: 𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌵𐌰𐌻 (anaqal)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "*valo",
"bor": "1+",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": "→? Proto-Finnic: *valo",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "→? Proto-Finnic: *valo (see there for further descendants)"
}
],
"etymology_text": "An ō-stem nominal derived from *kwelaną (“to suffer”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ō-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "kwalō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kwalôz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kwalō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "kwalôz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "kwalǭ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kwalōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kwalōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kwalǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kwalōi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kwalōmaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kwalō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kwalōmiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "*kwēlō",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/kwalō",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Germanic feminine nouns",
"Proto-Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-Germanic nouns",
"Proto-Germanic ō-stem nouns"
],
"glosses": [
"suffering, pain"
],
"links": [
[
"suffering",
"suffering"
],
[
"pain",
"pain"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkʷɑ.lɔː/"
}
],
"word": "kwalō"
}
Download raw JSONL data for kwalō meaning in Proto-Germanic (3.3kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-04-26 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-04-20 using wiktextract (89e900c and ea19a0a). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.