"krakjaną" meaning in Proto-Germanic

See krakjaną in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Verb

IPA: /ˈkrɑ.kjɑ.nɑ̃/
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *gerg-, *grā- (“to crow, shout”), from Proto-Indo-European *gerh₂- (“to make a sound, cry hoarsely”), ultimately of onomatopoeic origin. Cognate with Lithuanian girgždėti (“to creak, squeak”). Etymology templates: {{der|gem-pro|ine-pro|*gerg-}} Proto-Indo-European *gerg-, {{der|gem-pro|ine-pro|*gerh₂-||to make a sound, cry hoarsely}} Proto-Indo-European *gerh₂- (“to make a sound, cry hoarsely”), {{onomatopoeic|gem-pro|title=onomatopoeic}} onomatopoeic, {{cog|lt|girgždėti|t=to creak, squeak}} Lithuanian girgždėti (“to creak, squeak”) Inflection templates: {{gem-conj-wk1|krak|j=j}} Forms: weak [table-tags], krakjō [active, first-person, indicative, singular], krakjaų [active, first-person, singular, subjunctive], - [active, first-person, imperative, singular], krakjai [first-person, indicative, passive, singular], - [first-person, passive, singular, subjunctive], krakisi [active, indicative, second-person, singular], krakjais [active, second-person, singular, subjunctive], kraki [active, imperative, second-person, singular], krakjasai [indicative, passive, second-person, singular], krakjaisau [passive, second-person, singular, subjunctive], krakiþi [active, indicative, singular, third-person], krakjai [active, singular, subjunctive, third-person], krakjaþau [active, imperative, singular, third-person], krakjaþai [indicative, passive, singular, third-person], krakjaiþau [passive, singular, subjunctive, third-person], krakjōs [active, dual, first-person, indicative], krakjaiw [active, dual, first-person, subjunctive], - [active, dual, first-person, imperative], - [dual, first-person, indicative, passive], - [dual, first-person, passive, subjunctive], krakjaþiz [active, dual, indicative, second-person], krakjaiþiz [active, dual, second-person, subjunctive], krakjaþiz [active, dual, imperative, second-person], - [dual, indicative, passive, second-person], - [dual, passive, second-person, subjunctive], krakjamaz [active, first-person, indicative, plural], krakjaim [active, first-person, plural, subjunctive], - [active, first-person, imperative, plural], krakjanþai [first-person, indicative, passive, plural], krakjainþau [first-person, passive, plural, subjunctive], krakiþ [active, indicative, plural, second-person], krakjaiþ [active, plural, second-person, subjunctive], krakiþ [active, imperative, plural, second-person], krakjanþai [indicative, passive, plural, second-person], krakjainþau [passive, plural, second-person, subjunctive], krakjanþi [active, indicative, plural, third-person], krakjain [active, plural, subjunctive, third-person], krakjanþau [active, imperative, plural, third-person], krakjanþai [indicative, passive, plural, third-person], krakjainþau [passive, plural, subjunctive, third-person], krakidǭ [active, first-person, indicative, singular], krakidēdį̄ [active, first-person, singular, subjunctive], krakidēz [active, indicative, second-person, singular], krakidēdīz [active, second-person, singular, subjunctive], krakidē [active, indicative, singular, third-person], krakidēdī [active, singular, subjunctive, third-person], krakidēdū [active, dual, first-person, indicative], krakidēdīw [active, dual, first-person, subjunctive], krakidēdudiz [active, dual, indicative, second-person], krakidēdīdiz [active, dual, second-person, subjunctive], krakidēdum [active, first-person, indicative, plural], krakidēdīm [active, first-person, plural, subjunctive], krakidēdud [active, indicative, plural, second-person], krakidēdīd [active, plural, second-person, subjunctive], krakidēdun [active, indicative, plural, third-person], krakidēdīn [active, plural, subjunctive, third-person], krakjandz [active, participle, present], krakidaz [active, participle, past, subjunctive]
  1. (West Germanic) to crack; crackle; shriek Tags: Germanic, West, reconstruction Related terms: krakōną
{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gmw-pro",
            "2": "*krakkjan"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *krakkjan",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-West Germanic: *krakkjan"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ang",
            "2": "*cræċċan",
            "3": "*ċiercan",
            "4": "ċircan"
          },
          "expansion": "Old English: *cræċċan, *ċiercan, ċircan",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old English: *cræċċan, *ċiercan, ċircan"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "enm",
            "2": "cracchen",
            "3": "crykken",
            "4": "cherken",
            "5": "chirken"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle English: cracchen, crykken, cherken, chirken",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle English: cracchen, crykken, cherken, chirken"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "en",
            "2": "chirk"
          },
          "expansion": "English: chirk",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "English: chirk"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sco",
            "2": "chirk",
            "3": "jirg"
          },
          "expansion": "Scots: chirk, jirg",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Scots: chirk, jirg"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "odt",
            "2": "*krekken",
            "3": "*kreken"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Dutch: *krekken, *kreken",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Dutch: *krekken, *kreken"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "dum",
            "2": "kricken",
            "3": "creken"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle Dutch: kricken, creken",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle Dutch: kricken, creken"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "nl",
            "2": "krieken"
          },
          "expansion": "Dutch: krieken",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "dialectal"
          },
          "expansion": "(dialectal)",
          "name": "gl"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Dutch: krieken; krikken (dialectal)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "dum",
            "2": "crekelen",
            "der": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "⇒ Middle Dutch: crekelen",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "⇒ Middle Dutch: crekelen"
    },
    {
      "depth": 5,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "nl",
            "2": "krekelen"
          },
          "expansion": "Dutch: krekelen",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "dialectal"
          },
          "expansion": "(dialectal)",
          "name": "gl"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Dutch: krekelen (dialectal)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "enm",
            "2": "creken",
            "3": "criken",
            "bor": "1",
            "unc": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→? Middle English: creken, criken",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→? Middle English: creken, criken"
    },
    {
      "depth": 5,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "en",
            "2": "creak"
          },
          "expansion": "English: creak",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "English: creak"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "fro",
            "2": "*criker",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Old French: *criker",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Old French: *criker"
    },
    {
      "depth": 5,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "frm",
            "2": "crikier"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle French: crikier",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle French: crikier"
    },
    {
      "depth": 6,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "fr",
            "2": "criquer"
          },
          "expansion": "French: criquer",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "French: criquer"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "goh",
            "2": "krehhen",
            "3": "krechen",
            "4": "krekken",
            "5": "krecken"
          },
          "expansion": "Old High German: krehhen, krechen, krekken, krecken",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old High German: krehhen, krechen, krekken, krecken"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gmh",
            "2": "krechen"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle High German: krechen",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle High German: krechen"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*gerg-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gerg-",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*gerh₂-",
        "4": "",
        "5": "to make a sound, cry hoarsely"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gerh₂- (“to make a sound, cry hoarsely”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "title": "onomatopoeic"
      },
      "expansion": "onomatopoeic",
      "name": "onomatopoeic"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lt",
        "2": "girgždėti",
        "t": "to creak, squeak"
      },
      "expansion": "Lithuanian girgždėti (“to creak, squeak”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *gerg-, *grā- (“to crow, shout”), from Proto-Indo-European *gerh₂- (“to make a sound, cry hoarsely”), ultimately of onomatopoeic origin. Cognate with Lithuanian girgždėti (“to creak, squeak”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "weak",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gem-conj-wk1",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "1",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krakjō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krakjaų",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krakjai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "passive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "passive",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krakisi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krakjais",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kraki",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "imperative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krakjasai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "passive",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krakjaisau",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "passive",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krakiþi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krakjai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krakjaþau",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "imperative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krakjaþai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "passive",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krakjaiþau",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "passive",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krakjōs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "indicative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krakjaiw",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "passive",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krakjaþiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "indicative",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krakjaiþiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krakjaþiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "imperative",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "indicative",
        "passive",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "passive",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krakjamaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krakjaim",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krakjanþai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "passive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krakjainþau",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krakiþ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krakjaiþ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krakiþ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krakjanþai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krakjainþau",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krakjanþi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krakjain",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krakjanþau",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krakjanþai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krakjainþau",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krakidǭ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krakidēdį̄",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krakidēz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krakidēdīz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krakidē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krakidēdī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krakidēdū",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "indicative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krakidēdīw",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krakidēdudiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "indicative",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krakidēdīdiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krakidēdum",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krakidēdīm",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krakidēdud",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krakidēdīd",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krakidēdun",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krakidēdīn",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krakjandz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krakidaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "participle",
        "past",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "krak",
        "j": "j"
      },
      "name": "gem-conj-wk1"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Germanic",
  "lang_code": "gem-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/krakjaną",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Germanic onomatopoeias",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "West Proto-Germanic",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to crack; crackle; shriek"
      ],
      "id": "en-krakjaną-gem-pro-verb-9iRKBu9P",
      "links": [
        [
          "crack",
          "crack"
        ],
        [
          "crackle",
          "crackle"
        ],
        [
          "shriek",
          "shriek"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(West Germanic) to crack; crackle; shriek"
      ],
      "related": [
        {
          "word": "krakōną"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Germanic",
        "West",
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈkrɑ.kjɑ.nɑ̃/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "krakjaną"
}
{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gmw-pro",
            "2": "*krakkjan"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *krakkjan",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-West Germanic: *krakkjan"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ang",
            "2": "*cræċċan",
            "3": "*ċiercan",
            "4": "ċircan"
          },
          "expansion": "Old English: *cræċċan, *ċiercan, ċircan",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old English: *cræċċan, *ċiercan, ċircan"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "enm",
            "2": "cracchen",
            "3": "crykken",
            "4": "cherken",
            "5": "chirken"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle English: cracchen, crykken, cherken, chirken",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle English: cracchen, crykken, cherken, chirken"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "en",
            "2": "chirk"
          },
          "expansion": "English: chirk",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "English: chirk"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sco",
            "2": "chirk",
            "3": "jirg"
          },
          "expansion": "Scots: chirk, jirg",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Scots: chirk, jirg"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "odt",
            "2": "*krekken",
            "3": "*kreken"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Dutch: *krekken, *kreken",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Dutch: *krekken, *kreken"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "dum",
            "2": "kricken",
            "3": "creken"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle Dutch: kricken, creken",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle Dutch: kricken, creken"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "nl",
            "2": "krieken"
          },
          "expansion": "Dutch: krieken",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "dialectal"
          },
          "expansion": "(dialectal)",
          "name": "gl"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Dutch: krieken; krikken (dialectal)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "dum",
            "2": "crekelen",
            "der": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "⇒ Middle Dutch: crekelen",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "⇒ Middle Dutch: crekelen"
    },
    {
      "depth": 5,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "nl",
            "2": "krekelen"
          },
          "expansion": "Dutch: krekelen",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "dialectal"
          },
          "expansion": "(dialectal)",
          "name": "gl"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Dutch: krekelen (dialectal)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "enm",
            "2": "creken",
            "3": "criken",
            "bor": "1",
            "unc": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→? Middle English: creken, criken",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→? Middle English: creken, criken"
    },
    {
      "depth": 5,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "en",
            "2": "creak"
          },
          "expansion": "English: creak",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "English: creak"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "fro",
            "2": "*criker",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Old French: *criker",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Old French: *criker"
    },
    {
      "depth": 5,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "frm",
            "2": "crikier"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle French: crikier",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle French: crikier"
    },
    {
      "depth": 6,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "fr",
            "2": "criquer"
          },
          "expansion": "French: criquer",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "French: criquer"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "goh",
            "2": "krehhen",
            "3": "krechen",
            "4": "krekken",
            "5": "krecken"
          },
          "expansion": "Old High German: krehhen, krechen, krekken, krecken",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old High German: krehhen, krechen, krekken, krecken"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gmh",
            "2": "krechen"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle High German: krechen",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle High German: krechen"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*gerg-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gerg-",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*gerh₂-",
        "4": "",
        "5": "to make a sound, cry hoarsely"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gerh₂- (“to make a sound, cry hoarsely”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "title": "onomatopoeic"
      },
      "expansion": "onomatopoeic",
      "name": "onomatopoeic"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lt",
        "2": "girgždėti",
        "t": "to creak, squeak"
      },
      "expansion": "Lithuanian girgždėti (“to creak, squeak”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *gerg-, *grā- (“to crow, shout”), from Proto-Indo-European *gerh₂- (“to make a sound, cry hoarsely”), ultimately of onomatopoeic origin. Cognate with Lithuanian girgždėti (“to creak, squeak”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "weak",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gem-conj-wk1",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "1",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krakjō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krakjaų",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krakjai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "passive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "passive",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krakisi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krakjais",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kraki",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "imperative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krakjasai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "passive",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krakjaisau",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "passive",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krakiþi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krakjai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krakjaþau",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "imperative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krakjaþai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "passive",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krakjaiþau",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "passive",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krakjōs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "indicative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krakjaiw",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "passive",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krakjaþiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "indicative",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krakjaiþiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krakjaþiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "imperative",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "indicative",
        "passive",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "passive",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krakjamaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krakjaim",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krakjanþai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "passive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krakjainþau",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krakiþ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krakjaiþ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krakiþ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krakjanþai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krakjainþau",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krakjanþi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krakjain",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krakjanþau",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krakjanþai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krakjainþau",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krakidǭ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krakidēdį̄",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krakidēz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krakidēdīz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krakidē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krakidēdī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krakidēdū",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "indicative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krakidēdīw",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krakidēdudiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "indicative",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krakidēdīdiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krakidēdum",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krakidēdīm",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krakidēdud",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krakidēdīd",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krakidēdun",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krakidēdīn",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krakjandz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krakidaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "participle",
        "past",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "krak",
        "j": "j"
      },
      "name": "gem-conj-wk1"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Germanic",
  "lang_code": "gem-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/krakjaną",
  "pos": "verb",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "krakōną"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Pages with 1 entry",
        "Pages with entries",
        "Proto-Germanic class 1 weak verbs",
        "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
        "Proto-Germanic lemmas",
        "Proto-Germanic onomatopoeias",
        "Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
        "Proto-Germanic verbs",
        "West Proto-Germanic",
        "gem-pro:Sounds"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to crack; crackle; shriek"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "crack",
          "crack"
        ],
        [
          "crackle",
          "crackle"
        ],
        [
          "shriek",
          "shriek"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(West Germanic) to crack; crackle; shriek"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Germanic",
        "West",
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈkrɑ.kjɑ.nɑ̃/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "krakjaną"
}

Download raw JSONL data for krakjaną meaning in Proto-Germanic (11.2kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-11-21 using wiktextract (95d2be1 and 64224ec). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.