"krakōną" meaning in Proto-Germanic

See krakōną in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Verb

IPA: /ˈkrɑ.kɔː.nɑ̃/
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *gerg-, *grā- (“to crow, shout”), from Proto-Indo-European *gerh₂- (“to make a sound, cry hoarsely”), ultimately of onomatopoeic origin. Cognate with Lithuanian girgždėti (“to creak, squeak”). Etymology templates: {{der|gem-pro|ine-pro|*gerg-}} Proto-Indo-European *gerg-, {{der|gem-pro|ine-pro|*gerh₂-||to make a sound, cry hoarsely}} Proto-Indo-European *gerh₂- (“to make a sound, cry hoarsely”), {{onomatopoeic|gem-pro|title=onomatopoeic}} onomatopoeic, {{cog|lt|girgždėti|t=to creak, squeak}} Lithuanian girgždėti (“to creak, squeak”) Inflection templates: {{gem-conj-wk2|krak}} Forms: weak [table-tags], krakō [active, first-person, indicative, singular], krakǭ [active, first-person, singular, subjunctive], - [active, first-person, imperative, singular], krakōi [first-person, indicative, passive, singular], - [first-person, passive, singular, subjunctive], krakōsi [active, indicative, second-person, singular], krakōs [active, second-person, singular, subjunctive], krakō [active, imperative, second-person, singular], krakōsai [indicative, passive, second-person, singular], krakōsau [passive, second-person, singular, subjunctive], krakōþi [active, indicative, singular, third-person], krakō [active, singular, subjunctive, third-person], krakōþau [active, imperative, singular, third-person], krakōþai [indicative, passive, singular, third-person], krakōþau [passive, singular, subjunctive, third-person], krakōs [active, dual, first-person, indicative], krakōw [active, dual, first-person, subjunctive], - [active, dual, first-person, imperative], - [dual, first-person, indicative, passive], - [dual, first-person, passive, subjunctive], krakōþiz [active, dual, indicative, second-person], krakōþiz [active, dual, second-person, subjunctive], krakōþiz [active, dual, imperative, second-person], - [dual, indicative, passive, second-person], - [dual, passive, second-person, subjunctive], krakōmaz [active, first-person, indicative, plural], krakōm [active, first-person, plural, subjunctive], - [active, first-person, imperative, plural], krakōnþai [first-person, indicative, passive, plural], krakōnþau [first-person, passive, plural, subjunctive], krakōþ [active, indicative, plural, second-person], krakōþ [active, plural, second-person, subjunctive], krakōþ [active, imperative, plural, second-person], krakōnþai [indicative, passive, plural, second-person], krakōnþau [passive, plural, second-person, subjunctive], krakōnþi [active, indicative, plural, third-person], krakōn [active, plural, subjunctive, third-person], krakōnþau [active, imperative, plural, third-person], krakōnþai [indicative, passive, plural, third-person], krakōnþau [passive, plural, subjunctive, third-person], krakōdǭ [active, first-person, indicative, singular], krakōdēdį̄ [active, first-person, singular, subjunctive], krakōdēz [active, indicative, second-person, singular], krakōdēdīz [active, second-person, singular, subjunctive], krakōdē [active, indicative, singular, third-person], krakōdēdī [active, singular, subjunctive, third-person], krakōdēdū [active, dual, first-person, indicative], krakōdēdīw [active, dual, first-person, subjunctive], krakōdēdudiz [active, dual, indicative, second-person], krakōdēdīdiz [active, dual, second-person, subjunctive], krakōdēdum [active, first-person, indicative, plural], krakōdēdīm [active, first-person, plural, subjunctive], krakōdēdud [active, indicative, plural, second-person], krakōdēdīd [active, plural, second-person, subjunctive], krakōdēdun [active, indicative, plural, third-person], krakōdēdīn [active, plural, subjunctive, third-person], krakōndz [active, participle, present], krakōdaz [active, participle, past, subjunctive]
  1. (West Germanic) to crack; crackle; shriek Tags: Germanic, West, reconstruction Related terms: krakatjaną, krakjaną, krekatjaną, krikitjaną
{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gmw-pro",
            "2": "*krakōn"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *krakōn",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-West Germanic: *krakōn"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ang",
            "2": "cracian",
            "3": "ċearcian"
          },
          "expansion": "Old English: cracian, ċearcian",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old English: cracian, ċearcian"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "enm",
            "2": "craken",
            "3": "crakken"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle English: craken, crakken",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle English: craken, crakken; charken, cherkin"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sco",
            "2": "crak",
            "3": "crack",
            "4": "craik"
          },
          "expansion": "Scots: crak, crack, craik",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Scots: crak, crack, craik; jarg, chirk, girgand, chork"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "en",
            "2": "crake",
            "3": "crack"
          },
          "expansion": "English: crake, crack",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "English: crake, crack; chark"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ofs",
            "2": "*krakja"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Frisian: *krakja",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Frisian: *krakja"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "stq",
            "2": "kroakje"
          },
          "expansion": "Saterland Frisian: kroakje",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Saterland Frisian: kroakje"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "fy",
            "2": "kreakje"
          },
          "expansion": "West Frisian: kreakje",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "West Frisian: kreakje"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "osx",
            "2": "*krakōn"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Saxon: *krakōn",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Saxon: *krakōn"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gml",
            "2": "krāken"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle Low German: krāken",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle Low German: krāken"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "nds",
            "2": "kraken"
          },
          "expansion": "Low German: kraken",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Low German: kraken"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "odt",
            "2": "*krakon"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Dutch: *krakon",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Dutch: *krakon"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "dum",
            "2": "craken"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle Dutch: craken",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle Dutch: craken"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "nl",
            "2": "kraken"
          },
          "expansion": "Dutch: kraken",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Dutch: kraken"
    },
    {
      "depth": 5,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "af",
            "2": "kraak"
          },
          "expansion": "Afrikaans: kraak",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Afrikaans: kraak"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "frm",
            "2": "craquer",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Middle French: craquer",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Middle French: craquer"
    },
    {
      "depth": 5,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "fr",
            "2": "craquer"
          },
          "expansion": "French: craquer",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "French: craquer"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "goh",
            "2": "krahhōn"
          },
          "expansion": "Old High German: krahhōn",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old High German: krahhōn"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gmh",
            "2": "krachen"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle High German: krachen",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle High German: krachen"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "bar",
            "2": "kråcha",
            "3": "kråchn"
          },
          "expansion": "Bavarian: kråcha, kråchn",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Bavarian: kråcha, kråchn"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "de",
            "2": "krachen"
          },
          "expansion": "German: krachen",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "German: krachen"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "hrx",
            "2": "krache"
          },
          "expansion": "Hunsrik: krache",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Hunsrik: krache"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "lb",
            "2": "kraachen"
          },
          "expansion": "Luxembourgish: kraachen",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Luxembourgish: kraachen"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*gerg-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gerg-",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*gerh₂-",
        "4": "",
        "5": "to make a sound, cry hoarsely"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gerh₂- (“to make a sound, cry hoarsely”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "title": "onomatopoeic"
      },
      "expansion": "onomatopoeic",
      "name": "onomatopoeic"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lt",
        "2": "girgždėti",
        "t": "to creak, squeak"
      },
      "expansion": "Lithuanian girgždėti (“to creak, squeak”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *gerg-, *grā- (“to crow, shout”), from Proto-Indo-European *gerh₂- (“to make a sound, cry hoarsely”), ultimately of onomatopoeic origin. Cognate with Lithuanian girgždėti (“to creak, squeak”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "weak",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gem-conj-wk2",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "2",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krakō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krakǭ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krakōi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "passive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "passive",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krakōsi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krakōs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krakō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "imperative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krakōsai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "passive",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krakōsau",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "passive",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krakōþi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krakō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krakōþau",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "imperative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krakōþai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "passive",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krakōþau",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "passive",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krakōs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "indicative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krakōw",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "passive",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krakōþiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "indicative",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krakōþiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krakōþiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "imperative",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "indicative",
        "passive",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "passive",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krakōmaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krakōm",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krakōnþai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "passive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krakōnþau",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krakōþ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krakōþ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krakōþ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krakōnþai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krakōnþau",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krakōnþi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krakōn",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krakōnþau",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krakōnþai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krakōnþau",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krakōdǭ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krakōdēdį̄",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krakōdēz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krakōdēdīz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krakōdē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krakōdēdī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krakōdēdū",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "indicative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krakōdēdīw",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krakōdēdudiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "indicative",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krakōdēdīdiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krakōdēdum",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krakōdēdīm",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krakōdēdud",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krakōdēdīd",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krakōdēdun",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krakōdēdīn",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krakōndz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krakōdaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "participle",
        "past",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "krak"
      },
      "name": "gem-conj-wk2"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Germanic",
  "lang_code": "gem-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/krakōną",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Germanic onomatopoeias",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "West Proto-Germanic",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to crack; crackle; shriek"
      ],
      "id": "en-krakōną-gem-pro-verb-9iRKBu9P",
      "links": [
        [
          "crack",
          "crack"
        ],
        [
          "crackle",
          "crackle"
        ],
        [
          "shriek",
          "shriek"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(West Germanic) to crack; crackle; shriek"
      ],
      "related": [
        {
          "word": "krakatjaną"
        },
        {
          "word": "krakjaną"
        },
        {
          "word": "krekatjaną"
        },
        {
          "word": "krikitjaną"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Germanic",
        "West",
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈkrɑ.kɔː.nɑ̃/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "krakōną"
}
{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gmw-pro",
            "2": "*krakōn"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *krakōn",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-West Germanic: *krakōn"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ang",
            "2": "cracian",
            "3": "ċearcian"
          },
          "expansion": "Old English: cracian, ċearcian",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old English: cracian, ċearcian"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "enm",
            "2": "craken",
            "3": "crakken"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle English: craken, crakken",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle English: craken, crakken; charken, cherkin"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sco",
            "2": "crak",
            "3": "crack",
            "4": "craik"
          },
          "expansion": "Scots: crak, crack, craik",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Scots: crak, crack, craik; jarg, chirk, girgand, chork"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "en",
            "2": "crake",
            "3": "crack"
          },
          "expansion": "English: crake, crack",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "English: crake, crack; chark"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ofs",
            "2": "*krakja"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Frisian: *krakja",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Frisian: *krakja"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "stq",
            "2": "kroakje"
          },
          "expansion": "Saterland Frisian: kroakje",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Saterland Frisian: kroakje"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "fy",
            "2": "kreakje"
          },
          "expansion": "West Frisian: kreakje",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "West Frisian: kreakje"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "osx",
            "2": "*krakōn"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Saxon: *krakōn",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Saxon: *krakōn"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gml",
            "2": "krāken"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle Low German: krāken",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle Low German: krāken"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "nds",
            "2": "kraken"
          },
          "expansion": "Low German: kraken",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Low German: kraken"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "odt",
            "2": "*krakon"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Dutch: *krakon",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Dutch: *krakon"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "dum",
            "2": "craken"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle Dutch: craken",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle Dutch: craken"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "nl",
            "2": "kraken"
          },
          "expansion": "Dutch: kraken",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Dutch: kraken"
    },
    {
      "depth": 5,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "af",
            "2": "kraak"
          },
          "expansion": "Afrikaans: kraak",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Afrikaans: kraak"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "frm",
            "2": "craquer",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Middle French: craquer",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Middle French: craquer"
    },
    {
      "depth": 5,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "fr",
            "2": "craquer"
          },
          "expansion": "French: craquer",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "French: craquer"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "goh",
            "2": "krahhōn"
          },
          "expansion": "Old High German: krahhōn",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old High German: krahhōn"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gmh",
            "2": "krachen"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle High German: krachen",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle High German: krachen"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "bar",
            "2": "kråcha",
            "3": "kråchn"
          },
          "expansion": "Bavarian: kråcha, kråchn",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Bavarian: kråcha, kråchn"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "de",
            "2": "krachen"
          },
          "expansion": "German: krachen",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "German: krachen"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "hrx",
            "2": "krache"
          },
          "expansion": "Hunsrik: krache",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Hunsrik: krache"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "lb",
            "2": "kraachen"
          },
          "expansion": "Luxembourgish: kraachen",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Luxembourgish: kraachen"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*gerg-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gerg-",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*gerh₂-",
        "4": "",
        "5": "to make a sound, cry hoarsely"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gerh₂- (“to make a sound, cry hoarsely”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "title": "onomatopoeic"
      },
      "expansion": "onomatopoeic",
      "name": "onomatopoeic"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lt",
        "2": "girgždėti",
        "t": "to creak, squeak"
      },
      "expansion": "Lithuanian girgždėti (“to creak, squeak”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *gerg-, *grā- (“to crow, shout”), from Proto-Indo-European *gerh₂- (“to make a sound, cry hoarsely”), ultimately of onomatopoeic origin. Cognate with Lithuanian girgždėti (“to creak, squeak”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "weak",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gem-conj-wk2",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "2",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krakō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krakǭ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krakōi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "passive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "passive",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krakōsi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krakōs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krakō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "imperative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krakōsai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "passive",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krakōsau",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "passive",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krakōþi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krakō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krakōþau",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "imperative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krakōþai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "passive",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krakōþau",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "passive",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krakōs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "indicative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krakōw",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "passive",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krakōþiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "indicative",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krakōþiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krakōþiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "imperative",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "indicative",
        "passive",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "passive",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krakōmaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krakōm",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krakōnþai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "passive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krakōnþau",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krakōþ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krakōþ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krakōþ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krakōnþai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krakōnþau",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krakōnþi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krakōn",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krakōnþau",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krakōnþai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krakōnþau",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krakōdǭ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krakōdēdį̄",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krakōdēz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krakōdēdīz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krakōdē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krakōdēdī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krakōdēdū",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "indicative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krakōdēdīw",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krakōdēdudiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "indicative",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krakōdēdīdiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krakōdēdum",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krakōdēdīm",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krakōdēdud",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krakōdēdīd",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krakōdēdun",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krakōdēdīn",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krakōndz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krakōdaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "participle",
        "past",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "krak"
      },
      "name": "gem-conj-wk2"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Germanic",
  "lang_code": "gem-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/krakōną",
  "pos": "verb",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "krakatjaną"
    },
    {
      "word": "krakjaną"
    },
    {
      "word": "krekatjaną"
    },
    {
      "word": "krikitjaną"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Pages with 1 entry",
        "Pages with entries",
        "Proto-Germanic class 2 weak verbs",
        "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
        "Proto-Germanic lemmas",
        "Proto-Germanic onomatopoeias",
        "Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
        "Proto-Germanic verbs",
        "West Proto-Germanic",
        "gem-pro:Sounds"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to crack; crackle; shriek"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "crack",
          "crack"
        ],
        [
          "crackle",
          "crackle"
        ],
        [
          "shriek",
          "shriek"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(West Germanic) to crack; crackle; shriek"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Germanic",
        "West",
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈkrɑ.kɔː.nɑ̃/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "krakōną"
}

Download raw JSONL data for krakōną meaning in Proto-Germanic (11.8kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-04 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (d6bf104 and a5af179). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.