See knībaz in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*knīb"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *knīb\nOld English: cnīf (possible reborrowing from Old Norse knífr or Middle Dutch cnīf, cnijf)\nMiddle English: knyf, knif\nScots: knyfe, knife\nEnglish: knife\nSranan Tongo: nefi\nYola: kunnife\n→ French: canif\nOld Frisian: *knīf\nWest Frisian: kniif, knyf, knyft\nOld Saxon: *knīf\nMiddle Low German: knîf\nGerman Low German: Knief\nLow German: knief, kniiv, knif\nPlautdietsch: Kjnief\nOld Dutch: *cnīf\nMiddle Dutch: cnijf\nDutch: knijf (dialectal)\nOld High German: *knīb (?)\nMiddle High German: knîp; knîf (latter West Central German)\nGerman: Kneip (dialectal); Knifte\nLuxembourgish: Knäip\n→ Vulgar Latin: *cnīfus (see there for further descendants)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *knīb\nOld English: cnīf (possible reborrowing from Old Norse knífr or Middle Dutch cnīf, cnijf)\nMiddle English: knyf, knif\nScots: knyfe, knife\nEnglish: knife\nSranan Tongo: nefi\nYola: kunnife\n→ French: canif\nOld Frisian: *knīf\nWest Frisian: kniif, knyf, knyft\nOld Saxon: *knīf\nMiddle Low German: knîf\nGerman Low German: Knief\nLow German: knief, kniiv, knif\nPlautdietsch: Kjnief\nOld Dutch: *cnīf\nMiddle Dutch: cnijf\nDutch: knijf (dialectal)\nOld High German: *knīb (?)\nMiddle High German: knîp; knîf (latter West Central German)\nGerman: Kneip (dialectal); Knifte\nLuxembourgish: Knäip\n→ Vulgar Latin: *cnīfus (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-pro",
"2": "*ᚲᚾᛁᛒᚨᛉ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Norse: *ᚲᚾᛁᛒᚨᛉ (*knibaʀ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Norse: *ᚲᚾᛁᛒᚨᛉ (*knibaʀ)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "knífr"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: knífr\nIcelandic: knífur, hnífur\nFaroese: knívur\nNorwegian:\nNorwegian Bokmål: kniv\nNorwegian Nynorsk: kniv\nElfdalian: knaiv\nOld Swedish: knīver\nSwedish: kniv\nDanish: kniv\nGutnish: kneiv\n→ Old English: cnīf\nMiddle English: knyf, knif\nScots: knyfe, knife\nEnglish: knife\nSranan Tongo: nefi\nYola: kunnife\n→ French: canif\n→ North Frisian: Knif",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: knífr\nIcelandic: knífur, hnífur\nFaroese: knívur\nNorwegian:\nNorwegian Bokmål: kniv\nNorwegian Nynorsk: kniv\nElfdalian: knaiv\nOld Swedish: knīver\nSwedish: kniv\nDanish: kniv\nGutnish: kneiv\n→ Old English: cnīf\nMiddle English: knyf, knif\nScots: knyfe, knife\nEnglish: knife\nSranan Tongo: nefi\nYola: kunnife\n→ French: canif\n→ North Frisian: Knif"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "smi-pro",
"2": "*nijpē",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Proto-Samic: *nijpē\nWestern Samic:\nSouthern Sami: nejpie (from *nëjpē)\nUme Sami: nijbbie\nPite Sami: nijjbe\nLule Sami: nijbbe\nNorthern Sami: niibi\nEastern Samic:\nInari Sami: nijbe\nSkolt Sami: neiʹbb\nAkkala Sami: ныййпь (nyjjp’)\nKildin Sami: ныййп (nyjjp)\nTer Sami: nijjbe",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "→ Proto-Samic: *nijpē\nWestern Samic:\nSouthern Sami: nejpie (from *nëjpē)\nUme Sami: nijbbie\nPite Sami: nijjbe\nLule Sami: nijbbe\nNorthern Sami: niibi\nEastern Samic:\nInari Sami: nijbe\nSkolt Sami: neiʹbb\nAkkala Sami: ныййпь (nyjjp’)\nKildin Sami: ныййп (nyjjp)\nTer Sami: nijjbe"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
}
],
"etymology_text": "A nominal formation, with quasi-Indo-European form *ǵneybʰ-o(n)-, perhaps from an unattested *knībaną, itself related to *knippōną (“to pinch”); see there for more.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "knībaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "knībōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "knībōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "knīb",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "knībōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "knībōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "knībą",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "knībanz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "knības",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "knībis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "knībǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "knībai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "knībamaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "knībō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "knībamiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/knībaz",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "knippōną"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "knībaną"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "knīpaną"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "78 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "89 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "95 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"pincers; shears"
],
"id": "en-knībaz-gem-pro-noun-5Q8Q-Qgn",
"links": [
[
"pincers",
"pincers"
],
[
"shears",
"shears"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"knife"
],
"id": "en-knībaz-gem-pro-noun-PU0QHNfq",
"links": [
[
"knife",
"knife"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "*dalkaz"
},
{
"word": "*sahsą"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkniː.βɑz/"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
],
"word": "knībaz"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Germanic a-stem nouns",
"Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-Germanic masculine nouns",
"Proto-Germanic nouns",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*knīb"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *knīb\nOld English: cnīf (possible reborrowing from Old Norse knífr or Middle Dutch cnīf, cnijf)\nMiddle English: knyf, knif\nScots: knyfe, knife\nEnglish: knife\nSranan Tongo: nefi\nYola: kunnife\n→ French: canif\nOld Frisian: *knīf\nWest Frisian: kniif, knyf, knyft\nOld Saxon: *knīf\nMiddle Low German: knîf\nGerman Low German: Knief\nLow German: knief, kniiv, knif\nPlautdietsch: Kjnief\nOld Dutch: *cnīf\nMiddle Dutch: cnijf\nDutch: knijf (dialectal)\nOld High German: *knīb (?)\nMiddle High German: knîp; knîf (latter West Central German)\nGerman: Kneip (dialectal); Knifte\nLuxembourgish: Knäip\n→ Vulgar Latin: *cnīfus (see there for further descendants)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *knīb\nOld English: cnīf (possible reborrowing from Old Norse knífr or Middle Dutch cnīf, cnijf)\nMiddle English: knyf, knif\nScots: knyfe, knife\nEnglish: knife\nSranan Tongo: nefi\nYola: kunnife\n→ French: canif\nOld Frisian: *knīf\nWest Frisian: kniif, knyf, knyft\nOld Saxon: *knīf\nMiddle Low German: knîf\nGerman Low German: Knief\nLow German: knief, kniiv, knif\nPlautdietsch: Kjnief\nOld Dutch: *cnīf\nMiddle Dutch: cnijf\nDutch: knijf (dialectal)\nOld High German: *knīb (?)\nMiddle High German: knîp; knîf (latter West Central German)\nGerman: Kneip (dialectal); Knifte\nLuxembourgish: Knäip\n→ Vulgar Latin: *cnīfus (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-pro",
"2": "*ᚲᚾᛁᛒᚨᛉ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Norse: *ᚲᚾᛁᛒᚨᛉ (*knibaʀ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Norse: *ᚲᚾᛁᛒᚨᛉ (*knibaʀ)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "knífr"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: knífr\nIcelandic: knífur, hnífur\nFaroese: knívur\nNorwegian:\nNorwegian Bokmål: kniv\nNorwegian Nynorsk: kniv\nElfdalian: knaiv\nOld Swedish: knīver\nSwedish: kniv\nDanish: kniv\nGutnish: kneiv\n→ Old English: cnīf\nMiddle English: knyf, knif\nScots: knyfe, knife\nEnglish: knife\nSranan Tongo: nefi\nYola: kunnife\n→ French: canif\n→ North Frisian: Knif",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: knífr\nIcelandic: knífur, hnífur\nFaroese: knívur\nNorwegian:\nNorwegian Bokmål: kniv\nNorwegian Nynorsk: kniv\nElfdalian: knaiv\nOld Swedish: knīver\nSwedish: kniv\nDanish: kniv\nGutnish: kneiv\n→ Old English: cnīf\nMiddle English: knyf, knif\nScots: knyfe, knife\nEnglish: knife\nSranan Tongo: nefi\nYola: kunnife\n→ French: canif\n→ North Frisian: Knif"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "smi-pro",
"2": "*nijpē",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Proto-Samic: *nijpē\nWestern Samic:\nSouthern Sami: nejpie (from *nëjpē)\nUme Sami: nijbbie\nPite Sami: nijjbe\nLule Sami: nijbbe\nNorthern Sami: niibi\nEastern Samic:\nInari Sami: nijbe\nSkolt Sami: neiʹbb\nAkkala Sami: ныййпь (nyjjp’)\nKildin Sami: ныййп (nyjjp)\nTer Sami: nijjbe",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "→ Proto-Samic: *nijpē\nWestern Samic:\nSouthern Sami: nejpie (from *nëjpē)\nUme Sami: nijbbie\nPite Sami: nijjbe\nLule Sami: nijbbe\nNorthern Sami: niibi\nEastern Samic:\nInari Sami: nijbe\nSkolt Sami: neiʹbb\nAkkala Sami: ныййпь (nyjjp’)\nKildin Sami: ныййп (nyjjp)\nTer Sami: nijjbe"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
}
],
"etymology_text": "A nominal formation, with quasi-Indo-European form *ǵneybʰ-o(n)-, perhaps from an unattested *knībaną, itself related to *knippōną (“to pinch”); see there for more.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "knībaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "knībōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "knībōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "knīb",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "knībōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "knībōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "knībą",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "knībanz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "knības",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "knībis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "knībǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "knībai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "knībamaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "knībō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "knībamiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/knībaz",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "knippōną"
},
{
"word": "knībaną"
},
{
"word": "knīpaną"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"gem-pro:Tools"
],
"glosses": [
"pincers; shears"
],
"links": [
[
"pincers",
"pincers"
],
[
"shears",
"shears"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"gem-pro:Cutlery",
"gem-pro:Weapons"
],
"glosses": [
"knife"
],
"links": [
[
"knife",
"knife"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "*dalkaz"
},
{
"word": "*sahsą"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkniː.βɑz/"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
],
"word": "knībaz"
}
Download raw JSONL data for knībaz meaning in Proto-Germanic (6.0kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-03-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-02-21 using wiktextract (7c21d10 and f2e72e5). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.