See keulaz in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*keul"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *keul\nOld English: ċēol\n>? Middle English: chiel, kele, keel (“small shipping vessel, lighter”) (possibly borrowed from Middle Dutch; displaced by *keluz (“keel”), via Old Norse)\nOld Frisian: *kiāl, *tziāl\nWest Frisian: tjalk, tsjalk\n→ Dutch: tjalk\nOld Saxon: kiol\nMiddle Low German: kêl, kîl\nGerman Low German: Kiel (displaced by *keluz (“keel”), via Old Norse)\nOld Dutch: *kiol\nMiddle Dutch: kiel\nDutch: kiel (displaced by *keluz (“keel”), via Old Norse)\nOld High German: kiol, chiol\nMiddle High German: kiel\nGerman: Kiel (obsolete, displaced by *keluz (“keel”), via Old Norse)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *keul\nOld English: ċēol\n>? Middle English: chiel, kele, keel (“small shipping vessel, lighter”) (possibly borrowed from Middle Dutch; displaced by *keluz (“keel”), via Old Norse)\nOld Frisian: *kiāl, *tziāl\nWest Frisian: tjalk, tsjalk\n→ Dutch: tjalk\nOld Saxon: kiol\nMiddle Low German: kêl, kîl\nGerman Low German: Kiel (displaced by *keluz (“keel”), via Old Norse)\nOld Dutch: *kiol\nMiddle Dutch: kiel\nDutch: kiel (displaced by *keluz (“keel”), via Old Norse)\nOld High German: kiol, chiol\nMiddle High German: kiel\nGerman: Kiel (obsolete, displaced by *keluz (“keel”), via Old Norse)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "kjóll"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: kjóll\nIcelandic: kjóll",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: kjóll\nIcelandic: kjóll"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "*këula",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Proto-Finnic: *këula",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Proto-Finnic: *këula"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "keula"
},
"expansion": "Finnish: keula",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Finnish: keula"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gewlos",
"4": "",
"5": "vessel; bowl"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gewlos (“vessel; bowl”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*keluz",
"3": "*kūliz",
"4": "*kūlǭ",
"nocat": "1",
"notext": "1"
},
"expansion": "*keluz, *kūliz, and *kūlǭ",
"name": "doublet"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "γαυλός"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek γαυλός (gaulós)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *gewlos (“vessel; bowl”), from *gew- (“to bend; bow; vault; arch; curve; buckle”). Possibly related to *keluz, *kūliz, and *kūlǭ. However, see Ancient Greek γαυλός (gaulós).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "keulaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "keulōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "keulōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "keul",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "keulōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "keulōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "keulą",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "keulanz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "keulas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kiulis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "keulǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "keulai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "keulamaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "keulō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "keulamiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/keulaz",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"ship"
],
"id": "en-keulaz-gem-pro-noun-5dW5cROe",
"links": [
[
"ship",
"ship"
]
],
"related": [
{
"word": "kūliz"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "*baitaz"
},
{
"word": "*skipą"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkeu̯.lɑz/"
}
],
"word": "keulaz"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*keul"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *keul\nOld English: ċēol\n>? Middle English: chiel, kele, keel (“small shipping vessel, lighter”) (possibly borrowed from Middle Dutch; displaced by *keluz (“keel”), via Old Norse)\nOld Frisian: *kiāl, *tziāl\nWest Frisian: tjalk, tsjalk\n→ Dutch: tjalk\nOld Saxon: kiol\nMiddle Low German: kêl, kîl\nGerman Low German: Kiel (displaced by *keluz (“keel”), via Old Norse)\nOld Dutch: *kiol\nMiddle Dutch: kiel\nDutch: kiel (displaced by *keluz (“keel”), via Old Norse)\nOld High German: kiol, chiol\nMiddle High German: kiel\nGerman: Kiel (obsolete, displaced by *keluz (“keel”), via Old Norse)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *keul\nOld English: ċēol\n>? Middle English: chiel, kele, keel (“small shipping vessel, lighter”) (possibly borrowed from Middle Dutch; displaced by *keluz (“keel”), via Old Norse)\nOld Frisian: *kiāl, *tziāl\nWest Frisian: tjalk, tsjalk\n→ Dutch: tjalk\nOld Saxon: kiol\nMiddle Low German: kêl, kîl\nGerman Low German: Kiel (displaced by *keluz (“keel”), via Old Norse)\nOld Dutch: *kiol\nMiddle Dutch: kiel\nDutch: kiel (displaced by *keluz (“keel”), via Old Norse)\nOld High German: kiol, chiol\nMiddle High German: kiel\nGerman: Kiel (obsolete, displaced by *keluz (“keel”), via Old Norse)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "kjóll"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: kjóll\nIcelandic: kjóll",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: kjóll\nIcelandic: kjóll"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "*këula",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Proto-Finnic: *këula",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Proto-Finnic: *këula"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "keula"
},
"expansion": "Finnish: keula",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Finnish: keula"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gewlos",
"4": "",
"5": "vessel; bowl"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gewlos (“vessel; bowl”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*keluz",
"3": "*kūliz",
"4": "*kūlǭ",
"nocat": "1",
"notext": "1"
},
"expansion": "*keluz, *kūliz, and *kūlǭ",
"name": "doublet"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "γαυλός"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek γαυλός (gaulós)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *gewlos (“vessel; bowl”), from *gew- (“to bend; bow; vault; arch; curve; buckle”). Possibly related to *keluz, *kūliz, and *kūlǭ. However, see Ancient Greek γαυλός (gaulós).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "keulaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "keulōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "keulōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "keul",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "keulōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "keulōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "keulą",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "keulanz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "keulas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kiulis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "keulǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "keulai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "keulamaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "keulō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "keulamiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/keulaz",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "kūliz"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Germanic a-stem nouns",
"Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-Germanic masculine nouns",
"Proto-Germanic nouns",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Germanic terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"gem-pro:Watercraft"
],
"glosses": [
"ship"
],
"links": [
[
"ship",
"ship"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "*baitaz"
},
{
"word": "*skipą"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkeu̯.lɑz/"
}
],
"word": "keulaz"
}
Download raw JSONL data for keulaz meaning in Proto-Germanic (4.8kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-15 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (8a39820 and 4401a4c). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.